R&S 1332.4500K22, User Manual, Page: 235 / 1709

Concepts and features
R&S
®
ZNA
235 User Manual 1178.6462.02 ─ 20
Internal Second Source
For a 4-port R&S ZNA, a second internal source is available and hence the mixer mea-
surements outlined above (and many other measurements) can be performed without
an additional external generator. The limited source connectivity can be overcome with
option R&S
ZNA-B3 (see Chapter 4.7.19, "Internal 3rd and 4th source for 4-port
R&S ZNA" , on page 273).
Similarly, a 2-port R&S ZNA with Internal 2nd source and 2nd LO generator for 2-port
R&S ZNA and LO Out can perform mixer measurements without an additional external
generator.
4.7.3.1 Calibration options
In arbitrary mode, the R&S ZNA automatically calibrates the source and receive fre-
quency ranges of all ports, according to the frequency conversion settings in the "Port
Settings" dialog or in dedicated configuration dialogs.
●
SMARTerCal is the recommended calibration method for frequency conversion
measurements.
●
For measurements on non-linear DUTs, an additional scalar power calibration is
recommended; for details refer to
Chapter 4.5.7, "SMARTerCal" , on page 197.
●
A load match correction (optional) involves an additional reverse sweep. It can pro-
vide a significant improvement of the transmission S-parameter measurements if
the load ports are poorly matched.
Select the appropriate correction type according to your accuracy and speed require-
ments. Notice that none of the correction types provide the phase information for trans-
mission S-parameters.
4.7.3.2 Intermodulation measurements
The intermodulation measurement is automatically enabled with option R&S ZNA-K4.
The "Intermodulation" tab of the [Meas] softtool gives access to the measurement con-
figuration and selection of results (see
Chapter 5.2.6, "Intermodulation tab" ,
on page 334.
An intermodulation measurement is performed with two RF signals of equal power but
different frequencies termed the upper and lower tone. The purpose of the measure-
ment is to test the properties of a DUT that is supplied with a signal that covers a fre-
quency band, typically a modulated RF channel. To simulate this scenario, the fre-
quency difference ("tone distance") between the upper and lower signal is chosen to be
small compared to the frequencies of the two tones:
f
L
≈
f
U
or
Δ
f = f
U
- f
L
≪
f
L
A nonlinear behavior of the DUT causes emissions at frequencies which correspond to
sums and differences of the upper and lower tone frequencies and their integer multi-
ples. These intermodulation products can be near the upper and lower tone frequen-
cies, as long as their order is odd.
Optional extensions and accessories