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4. PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
The ultrasonic electronic generator transforms AC line power to a 20 KHz signal that drives a
piezoelectric converter/transducer. This electrical signal is converted by the transducer to a
mechanical vibration due to the characteristics of the internal piezoelectric crystals.
The vibration is amplified and transmitted down the length of the microtip probe where the tip
longitudinally expands and contracts. The distance the tip travels is dependent on the
amplitude/intensity setting selected by turning the output control knob. As you increase the amplitude
setting the sonication intensity will increase within your sample.
In liquid, the rapid vibration of the tip causes cavitation, the formation and violent collapse of
microscopic bubbles. The collapse of thousands of cavitation bubbles releases tremendous energy in
the cavitation field. The erosion and shock effect of the collapse of the cavitation bubble is the primary
mechanism of fluid processing.
The probe tip diameter dictates the amount of sample that can be effectively processed. Smaller tip
diameters deliver high intensity sonication but the energy is focused within a small, concentrated area.
Probes with larger tip diameters can process larger volumes, but offer lower intensity.
The choices of a generator and horns/probes are matched to the volume, viscosity and other
parameters of the particular application. The Accessories section has more information on this subject.
Please consult with a product specialist for assistance with selecting a probe for your application.
