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Application Note

AN2093

Page

Revision

P01

Date

10 May 2013

2111 Comprehensive Drive

Aurora, Illinois 60505

Phone: 630-851-4722

Fax: 630- 851- 5040

www.conwin.com

Multi-Layer Board Design / Thermal Considerations

Figure: 17-01

Optionally a thermal “moat” can be created to prevent thermal energy transfers between the OCXO and the

surrounding heat generating components.

Summary of Contents for UM-20

Page 1: ...ww pumpkininc com last updated on Jun 16 2017 All trademarks mentioned herein are properties of their respective companies Low cost Oven controlled Crystal Oscillator OCXO Assembly Copyright 2013 2017 Pumpkin Inc All rights reserved Specifications subject to change without notice ...

Page 2: ...KE ANY CHANGES WITHOUT FURTHER NOTICE TO ANY PRODUCTS HEREIN TO CORRECT ERRORS AND IMPROVE RELIABILITY FUNCTION APPEARANCE OR DESIGN PUMPKIN DOES NOT ASSUME ANY LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE APPLICATION OR USE OF ANY PRODUCT OR CIRCUIT DESCRIBED HEREIN NEITHER DOES IT CONVEY ANY LICENSE UNDER ITS PATENT RIGHTS NOR THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS 744 Naples Street San Francisco CA 94112 USA tel 415 584 6360 fa...

Page 3: ...ra low Tempco Resistors 11 Circuit Design 12 12V LDO 12 Op amp Circuit 12 OCXO 12 VCO Trim 12 PCB Design 13 Usage 14 Frequency Survey 14 Assembly 14 Module Applications at Pumpkin 15 Use in XL Microwave Model 3xxx 16 Installation 16 Frequency Tuning 16 In place Tuning 17 Use in SRS DS345 18 Installation 18 Frequency Tuning 19 In place Tuning 19 Usage 20 DC Voltages 20 Loading vs Frequency 20 Frequ...

Page 4: ...n Model 3xxx 16 Figure 7 OCXO PCB assembly installed in DS345 18 Figure 8 OCXO36 44 waveform blue compared to Z3805A GPS disciplined waveform yellow 21 Figure 9 OCXO131 40 waveform blue compared to Z3805A GPS disciplined waveform yellow 22 Table 1 MTI OCXO based oscillator module from SN 142 9 Table 2 MTA100 connector pinout to mate to XL Microwave 3xxx 10 Table 3 Frequency survey of OCXO131 40 un...

Page 5: ...w cost Oven controlled Crystal Oscillator OCXO Assembly 5 CHANGELOG Rev Date Author Comments A 20170512 AEK Initial version B 20170608 AEK Added images of modules included initial V_TRIM values added more explanatory text ...

Page 6: ... experimentation Frequency counters waveform generators spectrum analyzers time interval counters and other instruments need accurate and stable oscillators An external frequency reference like a 10 000000MHz signal from a GPS disciplined oscillator1 is a popular and relatively inexpensive stable and accurate frequency reference to distribute within a laboratory for use as an external frequency st...

Page 7: ...tput Via eBay and other sources Pumpkin purchased the following models in good to excellent condition Model 3030 6 Options D S N 9508233572 Model 3120 Options 115 S N 9810253903 Model 3080 Options 115 S N 1208251424 Figure 2 XL Microwave Model 3120 frequency counter By comparing this particular Model 3080 s reference output to a GPS disciplined 10MHz we discovered that its internal OCXO was wildly...

Page 8: ...crewed from the Model 3030 s chassis in order to get access to these screws very nice Figure 3 IsoTemp OCXO36 44 the original Option 115 OCXO for Model 3xxx frequency counters S N 390 has the same oscillator Opening up S N 142 revealed that this unit s internal OCXO has an MTI 220 0102 A 5 0000 MHz OCXO module S N 124463 on a small PCB with a trimpot for frequency trimming This MTI OCXO puts out a...

Page 9: ...ouble ovenized but probably also cost much more Various Internet searches and user forums especially http leapsecond com time nuts htm revealed a large community of tinkerers and engineers with a shared interest in frequency standards and measurements For example Gerry Sweeney built a nice reference using an IsoTemp OCXO131 http gerrysweeney com tag ocxo131 note that he is using an OCXO100 XXX tha...

Page 10: ...0 4 for a few inches of 22AWG wiring as follows 1 O Purple 10MHz output 2 G Black Ground 3 Red 12V 4 S Yellow Heater status5 Table 2 MTA100 connector pinout to mate to XL Microwave 3xxx Note Our 705 01667 PCB s connector pinout is opposite from the above the 22AWG wires are connected to the PCB based on the O G S labels Critical Components We decided to create a replacement module with a few enhan...

Page 11: ...via an MCX to BNC adapter cable These two features facilitate initial measurements and trimming of the 10 000MHz OCXO while on a lab bench The barrel jack and MMCX upright jack are located on the PCB so that they are accessible even when the PCB is installed into the Model 3xxx High quality Trimpot We chose the Vishay Accutrim 1280G 26 turn trimpot with its 15ppm ºC temperature coefficient tempco ...

Page 12: ...e voltage protection and has a low dropout at low currents in a surface mount package Op amp Circuit The original circuit included an op amp that detected when the OCXO was no longer in warm up mode and drove an output to 5V to indicate that warmup was complete While warming up the op amp detected the increased current draw and drove a small FET to pull the WARMING signal down to 0V We replicated ...

Page 13: ...wo layers with soldered in 4 40 threaded standoffs in the corners Because the OCXO131 40 is quite large relative to the available PCB real estate long standoffs were used to make room for some of the taller components in the design L2 U1 C1 to be placed on the underside of the PCB The trimpot R7 was placed in close proximity to OCXO U4 s metal can and resistors R6 and R8 were placed close to the t...

Page 14: ...2140 624 0310 9 999 999 19 2 42 2 76 85 2302 1000 0406 10 000 000 04 2 41 2 43 95 4231 0013 0902 9 999 999 55 2 39 2 61 112 Table 3 Frequency survey of OCXO131 40 units installed on 705 01667A PCBs Assembly Five modules were assembled by hand using the Pumpkin PCB and five of the six OCXO131 40s that we acquired The module with its attached harness is shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 Figure 4 Top vi...

Page 15: ...impot and precision resistor remain unpotted 103 2140 624 SRS DS345 S N 32542 104 2302 1000 SRS DS345 S N 30029 Wired for 7 pin connector to U1 factory OCXO Use cal byte 0 to tune nominal value is 2980 105 4231 0013 not installed Table 4 Applications of Rev A OCXO Modules Two applications of the OCXO Module are expanded upon below 7 An XL Microwave Model 3120 with a GPS DO 10MHz external reference...

Page 16: ...ted to a single connector labeled 10 MHz BUFFER on a nearby PCB Figure 6 OCXO PCB assembly installed in Model 3xxx Frequency Tuning It turns out that the initial values of 15kΩ for R6 and R8 restricted the VCO trim range too much on this particular unit to be able to reach 10 000000MHz Replacing R6 and R8 with zero Ohm resistors yielded a V_TRIM TP3 of 2 73Vdc to reach 10 000000MHz With zero Ohm R...

Page 17: ...e choice for R6 R8 boils down to 0Ω guaranteeing the greatest possible frequency tuning range or 1kΩ giving a tuning sensitivity that s 3x greater that that of the 0Ω configuration but with less frequency tuning Values greater than 2kΩ for R6 and R8 are likely to prevent trimming to 10 000000MHz unless the initial V_TRIM is within roughly 100mV of 2 5V Note Different values for R6 and R8 could be ...

Page 18: ...º holes sized for 4 40 flathead screws 1 500 apart 0 325 from the top edge of the chassis Figure 7 OCXO PCB assembly installed in DS345 The DS345 maintains a chassis ground that is separate from digital ground since the OCXO module Rev A PCBs connected the four 4 40 size standoffs to electrical ground we had to isolate these modules when used in the DS345 The solution was to use nylon screws along...

Page 19: ...alled OCXO on its connector U203 the factory OCXO By connecting this signal to the VCO input on the Pumpkin OCXO module DS345 users can fine tune the OCXO s frequency using the DS345 s internal calibration byte 0 Since OPT_VCO is driven by an op amp the effect of the OCXO module s trimpot on its VCO trim voltage V_TRIM are overridden A cal byte value of 0 represents an OPT_VCO value of 5 5Vdc and ...

Page 20: ... 3xxx WARMING rises to 4 87V once the OCXO is out of its warm up phase The total current 12V when warming is 250 300mA post warming is 85mA The 180mA trip threshold of U2 is therefore confirmed Loading vs Frequency The output of the OCXO changes slightly with loading particularly capacitive loading The output does not have an active buffer The frequency difference between the OCXO assembly running...

Page 21: ...asure Allen variance the result was relatively stable around 27 to 33 mHz or 2 3ppb over a τ of 10s This number is in keeping with plots of typical OCXO frequency stability Warmup Initial Behavior It was observed that compared to the OCXO36 based double oven oscillator the smaller OCXO131 based oscillator warms up very quickly is closer to 10 000MHz at initial turn on and reaches the post warmup s...

Page 22: ...of the IsoTemp OCXO131 40 remains less than that of its larger sibling the IsoTemp OCXO36 44 which was apparently used as Option 115 on earlier Model 3xxx frequency counters Future Work Enhancements A small microcontroller MCU that sensed temperature and could drive a digital programmable divider or voltage source would be an even better way to set V_TRIM with a terminal interface to the MCU and w...

Page 23: ...s Schematics and PCB layers of the PCB Pumpkin P N 705 01667A are attached along with datasheets associated with the various critical components utilized in or associated with the PCB and its design Third party datasheets are attached for reference only and do not imply any endorsements etc ...

Page 24: ...100uH Inductor 100uH L1 1 Digi Key 732 1248 1 ND 0 8uH Inductor 0 8uH L2 1 Digi Key 308 2272 1 ND DMN3404L N Channel MOSFET Q1 1 Digi Key DMN3404LDICT ND 6 8K 0805 6K8 Chip Resistor R1 1 Digi Key 311 6 80KCRCT ND 4 7K 0805 4K7 Chip Resistor R2 1 Digi Key P16049CT ND 150R 0805 150R Chip Resistor R3 1 Digi Key P150CCT ND 100K 0805 100K Chip Resistor R4 1 Digi Key P16060CT ND 0 1R 0805 0 1R Chip Resi...

Page 25: ...2 PIC301 PIC302 COC3 PIC401 PIC402 COC4 PIC501 PIC502 COC5 PIC601 PIC602 COC6 PIC701 PIC702 COC7 PIC801 PIC802 COC8 PIC901 PIC902 COC9 PIC1001 PIC1002 COC10 PID101 PID102 COD1 PIJ101 PIJ102 PIJ103 PIJ104 COJ1 PIJ201 PIJ202 COJ2 PIJ301 PIJ302 PIJ303 COJ3 PIL101 PIL102 COL1 PIL201 PIL202 COL2 PIQ101 PIQ102 PIQ103 COQ1 PIR101 PIR102 COR1 PIR201 PIR202 COR2 PIR301 PIR302 COR3 PIR401 PIR402 COR4 PIR501...

Page 26: ...PITCH IS 0 020 13 SURFHCEMOUNT COMPONENTS TOPHNDBOTTOM 14 DONOTHDDTOOLING HOLES 1 16 NUMBER OF SMOP DS 62 E 17 NUMBER OF HOLES 41 18 SHHLLEST HOLEIs 0 31111 8 Sglnbol Count Hole Size Plated Hole Tgpe 01 II 12 1S 69mi1 0 500mm PTH Round D D 1 3 27 56mi1 0 700mm PTH Round 1 E 0 5 33 071111 O 84O111111 PTH Round E O 2 37 00mi1 O 94O111111 PTH Round E G n P 4 40 16mi1 1 020mm PTH Round 3 I 5 43 311111...

Page 27: ... II 12 19 69mi1 0 500mm PTH Round 1 3 27 55 1111 0 700mm PTH Round 0 5 33 07mi1 0 840mm PTH Round 0 2 37 00mi1 0 940mm RTI I Round P 4 40 16mi1 1 020mm PTH Round III 5 13 31mi1 1 100mm PTH Round 0 6 7 2 mi1 1 200mm PTH Round 0 4 170 00mi1 318mm PTH Round 41 Total ...

Page 28: ...W J o on O O O m 5 0 u G O O O O O Omwmww 3 O f 0 016679 Lager 1 TOP ...

Page 29: ...016676 Lager 1 2121 ...

Page 30: ...016676 Top Soldermask K W 0 0 o I 0 I O O 00 I o o oO 0 0 nu 0 O D I O nu I I IIII oo o oo II II ...

Page 31: ...016676 Bottom Soldermask ...

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Page 34: ...016676 Top Silk scr een Top Soldermask I3 0 IIRGI L1 J2 82 OCXO 0 12 _r 9 L_ II I I an a S 0 O 0 2 us 0RI II m U2 3 705 01557 12 09 ...

Page 35: ...016676 Bottom Silkscreen Bottom Soldermask O oi o o O0 SJ III a I II AUCIo I In 1riI wI tum O IDS 3 3nI MI qHUq O ooo uea 0 0 Q1291 veen JUJ mnOma ...

Page 36: ... operation Characterization Techniques to achieve optimal thermal conditions using multilayer boards A design checklist 1 3 About this document The methods presented in this application note should be taken as suggestions which provide a good starting point in the design and layout of a PCB It should be noted that one design rule does not necessarily fit all designs It is highly recommended that p...

Page 37: ...ges totally disappear for a period of time For the OCXO to power up and configure properly on initial power up Vcc must exceed the maximum power on reset VPOR voltage in order for the device to proceed with configuration and initialization The VCC voltage is internally monitored on power up to properly trigger the device configuration circuitry On subsequent brown out conditions where the device i...

Page 38: ...a suitable voltage level that can power components on the circuit board Two common types of voltage regulators are dc dc converters and low dropout regulators LDO When deciding on a voltage regulator always review the regulator data sheets to match component specifications with system requirements As digital logic gates of ICs switch from one state to another the IC s current draw fluctuates at a ...

Page 39: ...ot change regardless of the current Real world ground circuits have a characteristic impedance and experience changes in voltage with changes in current Careful PCB design can minimize this non ideal behavior to create a ground circuit that provides a low impedance return path for current 2 12 Designing with a Ground Plane While some systems connect components to a ground circuit through wires or ...

Page 40: ... of the oscillator will not meet the specified frequency stability until normal operating temperature is reached After the oven has bridged the temperature within the oven remains constant as ambient varies The oven controller operates such that if the internal temperature of the oven decreases due to an ambient temperature drop the oven controller will provide more power to compensate for thermal...

Page 41: ... 630 851 4722 Fax 630 851 5040 www conwin com Typical Thermal Performance Characteristics Test Conditions OCXO mounted in socket VCC 3 3V Temperature 25 C unless otherwise noted The following graphs represent the typical characteristics of a DOC052F 010 0MHz OCXO Consult with Connor Winfield Engineering Department for characterization data on any of our existing models Time s Voltage V Current A F...

Page 42: ...3 Page 7 Revision P01 Date 10 May 2013 2111 Comprehensive Drive Aurora Illinois 60505 Phone 630 851 4722 Fax 630 851 5040 www conwin com Typical Thermal Performance Characteristics Figure 7 01 Typical Warm up Time seconds Figure 7 02 Retrace after power cycle Figure 7 03 Typical Warm up Time seconds Figure 7 04 Typical Warm up Retrace Curves ...

Page 43: ...te 10 May 2013 2111 Comprehensive Drive Aurora Illinois 60505 Phone 630 851 4722 Fax 630 851 5040 www conwin com Typical Thermal Performance Characteristics Figure 8 01 Typical Warm up Retrace Curves Figure 8 02 Typical Oscillator Output Start Time Figure 8 03 Frequency Error vs Supply Voltage drift nom 5 5 nom Figure 8 04 Typical Frequency Stability vs Temperature ...

Page 44: ...51 4722 Fax 630 851 5040 www conwin com Typical Thermal Performance Characteristics Test Conditions OCXO mounted on 0 062 6 layer board VCC 3 3V Temperature 25 C unless otherwise noted The following graphs represent the typical characteristics of a DOC052F 010 0MHz OCXO Consult with Connor Winfield Engineering Department for characterization data on any of our existing models Time s Voltage V Curr...

Page 45: ...Page 10 Revision P01 Date 10 May 2013 2111 Comprehensive Drive Aurora Illinois 60505 Phone 630 851 4722 Fax 630 851 5040 www conwin com Typical Thermal Performance Characteristics Figure 10 01 Typical Warm up Time seconds Figure 10 02 Retrace after power cycle Figure 10 03 Typical Warm up Time seconds Figure 10 04 Typical Warm up Retrace Curves ...

Page 46: ...e 10 May 2013 2111 Comprehensive Drive Aurora Illinois 60505 Phone 630 851 4722 Fax 630 851 5040 www conwin com Typical Thermal Performance Characteristics Figure 11 01 Typical Warm up Retrace Curves Figure 11 02 Typical Oscillator Output Start Time Figure 11 03 Frequency Error vs Supply Voltage drift nom 5 5 nom Figure 11 04 Typical Frequency Stability vs Temperature ...

Page 47: ...lectrical Characteristics Test Conditions OCXO mounted on 0 062 6 layer board VCC 3 3V Temperature 25 C unless otherwise noted The following graphs represent the typical characteristics of a DOC052F 010 0MHz OCXO Consult with Connor Winfield Engineering Department for characterization data on any of our existing models Figure 12 01 Typical Oscillator Output Start Time Figure 12 02 Control Voltage ...

Page 48: ... 2012 The Connor Winfield Corporation Application Note AN2093 Page 13 Revision P01 Date 10 May 2013 2111 Comprehensive Drive Aurora Illinois 60505 Phone 630 851 4722 Fax 630 851 5040 www conwin com Typical Electrical Characteristics Figure 13 01 Figure 13 02 Figure 13 03 Figure 13 04 ...

Page 49: ...cteristics See FIGURE 13 01 Frequency Response to various equivalent capacitive loads 3 Use secondary buffers to fan the OCXO RF signal to multiple inputs or timing circuits Avoid designs that would switch in additional capacitive loads Avoid designs that would switch between multiple capacitive loads OCXOs are load sensitive devices See FIGURE XXX Section 4 Multi Layer Board Design Thermal Consid...

Page 50: ...me rail as the OCXO to eliminate the supply voltage thermal drift errors that could exist between multiple rails This will prevent large unwanted frequency shift errors as the relative voltage drift between the supplies will be eliminated Scenario Assume a control voltage equipped OCXO with a tuning sensitivity of 7ppm volt is powered from a 3 3V supply 3V3_OCXOSupply with a temperature coefficien...

Page 51: ... core causing frequency instability FIGURE 16 02 illustrates a how to properly flood a top layer while creating a window under the OCXO Figure 16 03 12 Optionally a thermal moat can be created to prevent thermal energy transfers between the OCXO and board as seen in Figure 17 01 A thermal moat is a routed area around the OCXO and is very effective means to prevent losses from the oscillator while ...

Page 52: ...093 Page 17 Revision P01 Date 10 May 2013 2111 Comprehensive Drive Aurora Illinois 60505 Phone 630 851 4722 Fax 630 851 5040 www conwin com Multi Layer Board Design Thermal Considerations Figure 17 01 Optionally a thermal moat can be created to prevent thermal energy transfers between the OCXO and the surrounding heat generating components ...

Page 53: ...n core to overheat or drop out of thermal regulation Placing the OCXO near heat generating components electrical or mechanical that could bleed thermal energy into the OCXO causing the oven core to overheat even when the ambient air is within the operating limits Placing the OCXO into intermittent air flow paths ie switched or variable speed fans as this will cause the oven core to fall out of the...

Page 54: ...he cap and the power and ground pins Add a filter such as an L C filter or an R C filter to the power supply circuit 5 2 Ground Design using a ground plane instead of traces when connecting components to ground If a top level copper pour is used it should cover as much of the board as possible including the spaces between devices and traces EXCLUDE THE AREA UNDER THE OCXO Separating the analog gro...

Page 55: ...ambient air temperature Connect the ground of the control voltage source as close as possible to the OCXO ground to minimize trace impedance Open a window in all ground and power planes under the device Excessive thermal losses may result in higher than normal current consumption or complete device failure Do not place OCXO in path or turbulent airflow which could cause quickly changing temperatur...

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Page 69: ... 1 3 A ÿ 7 8 3 A D ÿ p ÿ U G ÿ wJ ÿ p ÿ H ÿ w i 3 _ 8 3 1 2 D ÿ ÿ G P G H ÿ w ij3 N ÿ 1 D ÿ G P G H ÿ wÿ 4 N 0 3 8 t ÿ G P U ÿ wÿ 3 d 0 i S 0 A O ÿN M A 1 ÿ0 A O 1 1 ÿ7 K ÿK 8 0 a 1 ÿa 0 A O ÿ3 A 4 ÿC 7 3 a 8 3 A 0 A O ÿ 7 N 3 0 7 A ij 0 A 3 8 ÿ K 0 A 0 1 2 D ÿ O 7 8 a ÿ N 8 3 a ÿ k 0 A q 8 3 a ÿ K 0 A 0 1 2 ÿ 3 M 3 0 8 3 C 8 ÿ 7 A I 1 m 7 6 k U mH ÿ wÿ 3 M 3 0 8 3 C 8 ÿ 7 A ÿ 1 N 0 3 8 ÿ 7 a k R ...

Page 70: ...y oÿ ÿ V ÿ 1 1 6 1 ÿ x 1 3 2 ÿ y eÿ ÿ V ÿ 1 1 6 2 ÿ x 1 0 c ÿ y NI CuH ÿ ÿ ÿ MO Hÿ E H87I DCÿ KuH 1 6 3 2 x 0 6ÿ y ÿ o 3 0 6 e 1 2 1 ÿ x 6 1 2 ÿ y ÿ e 1 1 6 1 x 1 3 2 ÿ y ÿ 1 1 2 1 x 6 3 ÿ y ÿ 1 1 0 ÿ x 1 ÿ y ÿ 1 1 3 1 ÿ x 1 2 6 ÿ y ÿ 1 2 1 1 ÿ x 6 3 1 ÿ y ÿ 1 3 1 1 x 2 1ÿ y ÿ 1 3 1 1 x 2 1ÿ y ÿ o 1 6 1 x 0 ÿ y ÿ o 1 6 6 1 x 3 ÿ y ÿ 1 3 1 x ÿ y ÿ o 1 1 1 x 6 2 3 ÿ y ÿ 9 1 6 1 x 0 ÿ y ÿ o 1 6 1 1 x...

Page 71: ... o ÿ 0 ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ h 4 9 ÿ 3 8ÿ r r r ÿ o ÿ h e mifÿ ie d dgj gf k idÿ f el d k id h kisktj t Z ÿ o ÿ 6 3 u t r ÿ o ÿ 6 3 u t vo ÿ w ÿ 1 ÿ x o ÿ w ÿ 6 1 ÿ x Pÿ o ÿ y z ÿ q e ÿ d k5hl d ÿ k e dÿ tl e kl ÿ e d ÿ ÿ 6 ÿ sÿ ÿ l f hd ÿ 6 3 u t kl mdg ÿ 6 1 ÿ p k gel mfdÿ fel d k id ÿ w ÿ 6 ÿ x fd 5j kfj e ÿ 0 ÿ ÿ ÿ h 4 hkisktj t ÿ y z ÿ q U QT 0Pÿ S 0TUÿ 7VWRNTX9 9 T 5 ÿ 1 8a3 5 a29 ÿ 3 8ÿ b9 ÿ 2 9 _c 9 9 T...

Page 72: ... U U 1 ÿ S 9 S 1 9 ÿ S W ÿ U S ÿ S T ÿ S T ÿ ÿ 1 9 ÿ H1 S 1 1 ÿ S W 9 ÿ 1 R ÿ 0 9 1 S X 9 9 1 T ÿ U ÿ W 0 1 ÿ U ÿ 1 S 9 ÿ 1 T ÿ U ÿ S 9 S 1 9 ÿ S ÿ X S W ÿ ÿ QCO ÿ _ W ÿ U ÿ 1 T 9 S ÿ v 0 9 1 ÿ 1 R S 1 ÿ S ÿ U 1 ÿ S W ÿ ÿ QCOÿ W 0 1 ÿ ÿ K 1 ÿ 9 ÿ 1 R ÿ 0 1 ÿ 9 X 9 9 1 T ÿ 1 ÿ S 9 W S 1 ÿ 1 R S 1 ÿ S ÿ S 1 9 0 S ÿ W 0 1 ÿ 9 1 R ÿ 1 R ÿ 1 9 ÿ W 9 X W ÿ 9 ÿ 1 R ÿ W 0 1 ÿ 9 V S 1 9 ÿ 9 ÿ 0 9 1 S X ÿ U...

Page 73: ...6 ÿ 3 A ÿ 5ÿ 9 4ÿ 3 3 6ÿ 6 p p3 63 9 A 4 ÿ 7 ÿ3 3 A 63 A ÿ 5ÿ A ÿ 8 9ÿ 9 3 2ÿ 3 37 ÿ 6 A ÿ 3 A ÿ 5ÿ 6 ÿ 6 A ÿ p 6 A 4 ÿ A ÿ 8 9ÿ 6 ÿ 06 p J 69 A ÿ 9 A q 63 9 A 1 ÿ o 5ÿ 2 3 4 ÿ 3 p J 5 3 p ÿ 9 A q 63 9 A ÿ 4 6 24 ÿ p ÿ 9 ÿ F M ÿ s ÿ 4 p 6 ÿ 9 p 6 ÿ 03 5 ÿ 6 ÿ 4 8 6 J 9 Aÿ 5 3 p ÿ 03 5 ÿ 06 p 69 A ÿ 3 A 63 9 A 4 ÿ 05 3ÿ 64 9 ÿ p9 2 3 3 A ÿ ÿ 46 3 A ÿ 38 ÿ 9 ÿ3 3 A 6 ÿ 6 ÿ 4 46 4 ÿ 6 A ÿ 9 6 ÿ 6 3 A...

Page 74: ...ÿ â Û ê ÿ èØ ß à Û Ø Ù ç à á èÿ ê â á à Û Ü ã ÿ ê à Û å ÿ Ø à ß Ø Þ â Ø Ü ã Û Ü ã ÿ Þ Ö à à ß Ü ÿ å Ø â Ø Ü Ý ÿ Û Ü Þ à ß Ø ê Û Ü ã à ß ê Û ê Ø Ü Þ ß äÖ à à ß Ü ÿ å Ø â ÿ Ø ç ß à ÿ à Û èèÛ Ü ã ñòó ô ïá ÿ Ø Þ õ Ö Û à ß ÿ Ø ÿ å à ß Þ Û ê Û á Ü ÿ à ß ê Û ê Ø Ü Þ ß ÿ ð Ø Ù Ö ß í ÿ â ß ÿ öÖ Ù ì ÿ Õß Ø Ù ÿ éá Û Ù ÿ Þ â Û å ÿ Û ê ÿ à Û èèß Ý ÿ æ ÿ ê ß Ù ß Þ Û ð ß Ù ÿ à ß èá ð Û Ü ã ÿ æ Ö Û Ù ø Û Ü ÿ ù ê ...

Page 75: ... M x G 1 G E L ÿ v F 1 M x G 1 L G G ÿ v M 1 G x G 1 F G G ÿ v L 1 M x G 1 G L M ÿ v G 1 E x G 1 G L G ÿ v G 1 M F x G 1 F I I ÿ v M 1 G M x G 1 F M ÿ v 1 I x G 1 F G G ÿ v L 1 M x G 1 L M G ÿ v E 1 M x G 1 F L E ÿ v 1 L G x G 1 G L M ÿ v G 1 E x G 1 G L ÿ v G 1 E F x G 1 L M G ÿ v E 1 M x G 1 F I E ÿ v 1 I x G 1 F L E ÿ v 1 L G x ÿ 2 9 3 ÿ 5ÿ 4ÿ 9 8 ÿ 5 9 4ÿ 6 A 3 A À ÿ 6 ÀA4 ÿ 5 6ÿ 9 ÿ 66 Á ÿw 9...

Page 76: ...ÿ Q 6 ÿ 3 4 ÿ 6 5 32O ÿ 3 A ÿ 5ÿ 6 4 O ÿ4 3 46 A 1 ÿ t A ÿ Q6 3 R ÿ 5 9 02R ÿ 5ÿ Q 6 ÿ3 4ÿ 9 8 ÿ 5ÿ4 3 49ÿ 3 4 ÿ 64 9 ÿ Q 63 67 ÿ O ÿ 9 ÿ 48 K 563 A P ÿ 6 4 ÿ 6 ÿ4 ÿ 9 8 ÿ 5ÿ Q 9 0 ÿ 3 ÿ 3 4 ÿ O 3 4 4 3 Q 63 A P 1 ÿ S4 ÿ 43 Q 6 O ÿ V 7 ÿ 5ÿ u 9 ÿ8 8 R ÿ 05A ÿ Aÿ v 9 04 ÿ 59 P 5 ÿ 6 ÿ4 3 46 A R ÿ 5 ÿ 03ÿ Vÿ 6 A ÿ 6 4 4 9 3 6 O ÿ PA 63 9 A ÿ 9 8 ÿ 9 8 ÿ 6 ÿ 56ÿ v 9 0ÿ 6 A O ÿ 9 8 ÿ 6 ÿ Q 6 ÿ P6 O 3A...

Page 77: ... U U 1 ÿ S 9 S 1 9 ÿ S W ÿ U S ÿ S T ÿ S T ÿ ÿ 1 9 ÿ H1 S 1 1 ÿ S W 9 ÿ 1 R ÿ 0 9 1 S X 9 9 1 T ÿ U ÿ W 0 1 ÿ U ÿ 1 S 9 ÿ 1 T ÿ U ÿ S 9 S 1 9 ÿ S ÿ X S W ÿ ÿ QCO ÿ _ W ÿ U ÿ 1 T 9 S ÿ v 0 9 1 ÿ 1 R S 1 ÿ S ÿ U 1 ÿ S W ÿ ÿ QCOÿ W 0 1 ÿ ÿ K 1 ÿ 9 ÿ 1 R ÿ 0 1 ÿ 9 X 9 9 1 T ÿ 1 ÿ S 9 W S 1 ÿ 1 R S 1 ÿ S ÿ S 1 9 0 S ÿ W 0 1 ÿ 9 1 R ÿ 1 R ÿ 1 9 ÿ W 9 X W ÿ 9 ÿ 1 R ÿ W 0 1 ÿ 9 V S 1 9 ÿ 9 ÿ 0 9 1 S X ÿ U...

Page 78: ...ÿ B ÿ 1 ÿ B jyzk ei ÿ zgnl nhi eg HI J JR Y J R L L HI J R J I JI dji in ÿ k k gnÿ nijk ÿ q A w R J I RL ÿ 4 R ÿ 4 t t t t D D t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t dji in ÿ g gejnk ei ÿ dzgek lk eijk d J HJ H2 P J IYH IY5 J IYH 1W T 96 W F B ÿ 26 O 9 W 8ÿ YU Q 9 R9 S 6 S T W O X 9 ÿ RW O 9 t ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ _ ÿ ÿ J Rÿ S EF U T 9 ÿ t ÿ A 7 ÿ t t ÿ 7ÿ ÿ uÿ t ÿ 7 J Rÿ JW X 6 O ÿ ÿ A 7ÿ q w ÿ t t ÿ 7ÿ ÿ uÿ t ÿ 7 J...

Page 79: ...R t z ÿ v ÿ ª u u u y ÿ ÿ ÿ y u ÿ ÿ ÿµ ÿ p U W ÿ XWYZÿ S Q RYÿ P S UYQWZP US E9 ÿ F ÿ 2 G ÿ E 96 º ÿ 121 f 6 ÿ 96 I ÿ ÿ h ÿ B N J 54 5 7 I h ÿ ÿ k ÿ B N J 6 7 ÿ 4 6ÿ 6 7 7K 4 121 I ÿ B J 121c I B ÿ I J 1 J I J ÿ ÿ B N ÿ ÿ N 1 1 N ÿ B ÿ ÿ ÿ B N L 1 ÿ ÿ ÿ 1 ÿ ÿ 1 ÿ ÿ M ÿ ÿ B ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ B ÿ ÿ ÿ B ÿ ÿ À L ÿ I ÿ ÿ 1 ÿ ÿ L ÿ ÿ ÿ B ÿ J ÿ Áÿ Kÿ I j KA j KJ ÿ Áÿ Kÿ I j KA j KJ ÿ Áÿ KA Kÿ B B ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ fÿ Áÿ ÿ...

Page 80: ...N ÿ K B E C ÿ D ÿ F B ÿ M ÿ ÿ ÿ D ÿ F B E ÿ ÿ ÿ F E ÿ ÿ C ÿ F F B ÿ ÿ 8 ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ E C ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ B ÿ D ÿ F E ÿ D ÿ ÿ F B ÿ F F B ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ N ÿ F B ÿ ÿ B E ÿ ÿ ÿ F B ÿ F E ÿ ÿ ÿ F F ÿ E E ÿ ÿ ÿ F E ÿ F D ÿ ÿ B ÿ D ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ F B ÿ F F B ÿ 2 ÿ F E E ÿ ÿ E ÿ E ÿ O ÿ ÿ F D ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ E D D ÿ F F B ÿ E ÿ F D ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 0B B ÿ F C ÿ F 7 ÿ B E C ÿ F B ÿ F 7 ÿ ÿ ÿ B E E ÿ D ÿ ÿ ÿ F F B ÿ ÿ ÿ N ÿ B ÿ L F ÿ ÿ 2 E ÿ F...

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Page 83: ...ÿ 4 C 9 ÿ jF g ÿ k ÿ 8 e Y ÿ Y ÿ ÿ W ÿ a ÿ Y W ÿ m 9 C ÿ k F E W ÿ 4 C 9 ÿ jF g ÿ k ÿ 8 1 1 6 ÿ p 1 M 1 1 ÿ Hq p r 5 4 r s s t u v ÿ o 1 5 9 9 ÿ w x ÿ o 1 5 9 9 ÿx ÿ 1 8 ÿ o 7 9 6 1 8 ÿo x ÿ 5 9 ÿ 8 1 78 1 O y z M8 1 6 5 1 ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ u y y s y v ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ u y y s y t ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 9 5 1 1 9 6r 1 1 8 1 y ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ...

Page 84: ...ÿ ÿ 7 6 6 ÿ 0 ÿ ÿ 8 7 ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 4 5 ÿ 5 7 4 3 4 5 5 4 6 7 8 ÿ ÿ ÿ 07 ÿ 4 3 4 5 5 4 6 7 8 7 ÿ 4 7 ÿ 7 6 4 7 ÿ 5 87 ÿ 0 8 ÿ 2 8 7 6 1 7 ÿ 26 4 8 6 7 3 7 8 ÿ 4 ÿ 1 7 7 6 6 7 ÿ 5 3 ÿ 6 ÿ 7 ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 6 ÿ 78 ÿ 7 6 4 7 ÿ 7 9ÿ 4 8 ÿ 0 8 ÿ 2 8 7 6 1 7 ÿ 26 4 8 ...

Page 85: ...1 n 1 p H 3 F R ÿ m G L ÿ 1 Q 3 4 F ÿ 8 o 3 ÿ E n 8 4 ÿ L 1 J L 8 ÿ C C ÿ F 3 4 H 3 F ÿ I2 3 G ÿ 7 1 G 8 4 1 n n 3 ÿ 7 4 A F 8 n ÿ IF L H n n 8 1 4 ÿ B 1 4 ÿ 3 4 1 F J L 3 ÿ J J n H L 8 H 1 G F ÿ ÿ l o 3 ÿ C C ÿ F 3 4 H 3 F ÿ H G 8 H G F ÿ ÿ n 3 G p 8 o A ÿ o 3 4 H 8 p 3 ÿ B 4 1 ÿ Wl m q F ÿ J 4 1 2 3 G ÿ F J L 3 ÿ r H p o 8 ÿ 8 3 L o G 1 n 1 p A ÿ G ÿ H F ÿ 2 H n s n 3 ÿ H G ÿ ÿ B 4 3 t E 3 G L A...

Page 86: ... 5 5 4 6 7 8 ÿ 1 7 85 4 7 ÿ 2 8 ÿ ÿ ÿ 7 ÿ 6 7 ÿ ÿ ÿ 7 6 6 ÿ 0 ÿ ÿ 8 7 ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 4 5 ÿ 5 7 4 3 4 5 5 4 6 7 8 ÿ ÿ ÿ 07 ÿ 4 3 4 5 5 4 6 7 8 7 ÿ 4 7 6 7 1 7 8 ÿ 2 ÿ 1 7 7 6 6 7 ÿ 3 3 ÿ 4 ÿ 5 ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 4 ÿ 56 ...

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