2-68. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CHANGING OIL. (Refer to latest revision of Lycoming Service
Instruction.No. 1014.)
a. In engines that have been operating on straight mineral oil for several hundred hours, a change to additive
oil should be made with a degree of caution, since the cleaning action of some additive oils will tend to loosen
sludge deposits and cause plugged oil passages. When an engine has been operating on straight mineral oil and is
known to be in excessively dirty condition, the switch to additive or compounded oil should be deferred until
after the engine is overhauled.
b. When changing from straight mineral oil to compounded oil, the following precautionary steps should be
taken:
1.Do not add additive oil to straight mineral oil. Drain the straight mineral oil from the engine and fill
with additive oil.
2. Do not operate the engine longer than five hours before the first oil change.
3. Check all oil screens for evidence of sludge or plugging and change oil every ten hours if sludge
conditions are evident. Resume normal oil drain periods after sludge conditions improve.
2-69. LUBRICATION INSTRUCTIONS. Proper lubrication procedures are of immeasurable value both as a
means of prolonging the service life of the airplane and as a means of reducing the frequency of extensive and
expensive repairs. The periodic application of recommended lubricants to their relevant bearing surfaces, as
detailed in the following paragraphs, together with the observance of cleanliness, will ensure the maximum
efficiency and utmost service of all moving parts. Lubrication instruction regarding the locations, time intervals,
and type of lubricants used may be found in the Lubrication Chart. To ensure the best possible results from the
application of lubricants, the following precautions should be observed:
a. Use recommended lubricants. Where general purpose lubricating oil is specified, but unavailable, clean
engine oil may be used as a satisfactory substitute.
b. Check the components to be lubricated for evidence of excessive wear and replace them as necessary.
c. Remove all excess lubricants from components in order to prevent the collection of dirt and sand in
abrasive quantities capable of causing excessive wear or damage to bearing surfaces.
2-70. APPLICATION OF OIL. Whenever specific instructions for lubrication of mechanisms requiring
lubrication are not available, observe the following precautions:
a. Apply oil sparingly, never more than enough to coat the bearing surfaces.
b. Since the control cables are sufficiently coated by the manufacturer, additional protection for the
prevention of corrosion is unnecessary.
2-71. APPLICATION OF GREASE. Care must be taken when lubricating bearings and bearing surfaces with a
grease gun, to ensure that gun is filled with new, clean grease of the type and grade specified for the particular
application before applying lubricant to the grease fittings.
a. Where a reservoir is not provided around a bearing, apply the lubricant sparingly and wipe off any excess.
b. Remove wheel bearings from the wheel hub and clean thoroughly with a suitable solvent. When repacking
with grease, be sure the lubricant enters the space between the rollers in the retainer ring. Do not pack the grease
into the wheel hub.
2-72. WINTERIZATION PLATE. For winter operations there is a winterization plate kit available. When the
ambient temperature is 50°F or less the plate is installed on the inlet opening of the oil cooler pleunum chamber.
2-73. LUBRICATION CHART. (Refer to Figure 2-11.)
PIPER AIRCRAFT
PA-28-161 CADET
AIRPLANE MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Issued: FEBRUARY 28, 1989
HANDLING AND SERV I C I N G
1B24
