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get fixed.  We go to a lot of trouble to make products reliable, and the failure rate of our
amplifiers is very low.  This is small comfort to the few, but take it easy and give us a call if you
have problems.

People are interested in how long it takes for these amplifiers to break in.  It takes about an
hour for them to warm up, and this is where we adjust them first.  Then we adjust them again
and again over a couple of days, keeping the bias and offset in the sweet spot.  Our
environment is about 23 degrees Centigrade, room temperature, and the heat sinks will rise to
about 25 degrees C. above that, for a heat sink temperature of 48 degrees C.

In your setup the temperature may vary a bit due to line voltage and ventilation, but it is not a
big deal.  You should be able to put your hands on the heat sinks without discomfort for 10
seconds or so.

The amplifier has a thermal cutout that will disconnect AC power if the temperature exceeds 75
degrees Centigrade.  This should never occur in real life.

More things to know:  You can remotely operate the stand-by mode by applying 12 volts DC to
the single pair of 5 way connectors on the rear of the amplifier.  The positive of the 12 volts DC
goes to the red connector.  This connection has an actual operating range of about 9 volts to
15 volts.  This switching will override the front panel button, so if you want the button to
operate, leave the rear connection open.

So much for the most essential information.

Speaker Interface

The X250 is optimized for loads nominally rated at 4 ohms and above.  You can run the
amplifiers into a lower nominal impedance without difficulty, and we are not aware of a speaker
on the market that presents unusual difficulty with these amplifiers.

The X amplifiers do not care particularly about the reactivity of the load.  Reactive loads
typically will have slightly less distortion at a given voltage/current level than resistive loads,
but will make the amplifier run a little hotter.  The X circuit was designed to be quite happy
driving electrostatic and other speakers.

When driving transformer-coupled loads directly, as in some electrostatic and ribbon designs,
some attention must be paid to the DC character of the situation.  If the transformer primary is
being driven raw with no protection from DC and your source has DC voltage, or in cases
where the small offset of the power amplifier is still too much, you may create distortion in the
transformer and get less than optimal performance from it.  Generally this is not the case with
transformer coupled loudspeakers, but it does occasionally surface.  In these cases, take
special care that the source does not contain a differential DC component, and confirm the
differential DC offset of the amplifier is sufficiently low.  This is easily adjusted by a qualified
technician armed with the service manual.  Again, consult your dealer or call us.

Summary of Contents for Pass X250

Page 1: ...Page 1 Pass X250 Owner s Manual ...

Page 2: ...ing a gain stage an inversely distorted signal Supersymmetry seeks merely to create perfect matching Matched balanced power circuitry typically sees a distortion and noise reduction of about 90 20 dB through a balanced connection without any additional effort The Supersymmetric circuit delivers another 90 reduction so that the X series has about 1 100 of the distortion of a conventionally simple a...

Page 3: ...ure that the power switch is off down Plug the AC cord into the back of the amplifier and then into the wall Then turn the switch on up The lights in your house will blink when the power supply charges the capacitors On the front panel the Standby LED indicator should be glowing blue indicating that the power is on The Power LED should not be on If the Power LED is on don t get excited just use th...

Page 4: ...l button so if you want the button to operate leave the rear connection open So much for the most essential information Speaker Interface The X250 is optimized for loads nominally rated at 4 ohms and above You can run the amplifiers into a lower nominal impedance without difficulty and we are not aware of a speaker on the market that presents unusual difficulty with these amplifiers The X amplifie...

Page 5: ...s each These are used to create the unregulated output stage rails at plus and minus 47 volts at 20 amps All the power transistors in the product are power Mosfets actually Hexfets from International Rectifier and Harris These are hyper matched parts with gate voltages matched to 0 5 and all devices taken from the same lot codes made on the same wafer The speed and noise critical gain devices in t...

Page 6: ...have been offered during this century but the ideas that have stood the test of time have delivered much better performance in simple ways Two of the best ideas have been negative feedback and push pull operation Negative feedback is a simple technique which requires only a couple more parts arranged simply but it achieves dramatic improvements in performance Similarly for push pull operation a co...

Page 7: ... much in wasted energy but in the cost of the heavier hardware needed to deliver and dissipate the additional heat One of the important potential advantages of Class A operation is the possibility for simplified circuitry requiring little or no feedback because of the much more linear performance of gain devices biased to a high current By the mid 1970 s the marketplace began to see high end solid...

Page 8: ...my part led to the Stasis amplifier a simpler if cruder circuit in which the ocean liner could just about make it into port by itself with only minor damage and the tugboat was capable of crossing the Atlantic if not the Pacific Threshold and Nakamichi have sold lots of these amplifiers for the last 19 years or so and so it was pretty successful Yet it was always in the back of my head that there ...

Page 9: ...I decided to build a state of the art very high power amplifier the X1000 a project not particularly appropriate for the single ended Class A approach believe me you don t want to own an amplifier idling at 3000 watts per channel So I pulled out the files on patent 5 376 899 and took another look Extensive testing of potential circuits revealed that the best topology for the front end of the ampli...

Page 10: ... can it be represented with operational amplifiers It has two negative inputs and two positive outputs and consists of two matched gain blocks coupled at one central point where the voltage is ideally zero The topology is unique in that at this point the distortion contributed by each half appears out of phase with the signal and we use this to reinforce the desired signal and cancel noise and dis...

Page 11: ... the two halves of the circuit and lets the balanced output ignore the unwanted components As long as the two halves are matched this performance tends to be frequency independent and does not deteriorate over the audio band With mid level distortion figures on the order of 002 this is very high performance for a single balanced gain stage The following pages include a typical distortion curve of ...

Page 12: ... Current plus minus 20 amps Input Impedance 22 kohm balanced Damping factor 250 ref 8 ohms nominal Slew rate plus minus 50 V uS Output Noise 300 uV unweighted 20 20 kHz Random noise floor approximately 2 uV Dynamic range 148 dB random noise floor to peak output Balanced CMRR 85 dB 1 kHz input common mode rejection ratio DC offset 100 mv Power Consumption 270 watts idle 1000 watts maximum Temperatu...

Page 13: ...Page 13 tel 530 367 3690 fax 530 367 2193 ...

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