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For the lowest possible operating noise in any environment, the amplifier is equipped with
balanced inputs featuring a common mode noise rejection of greater than 60 dB.  Balanced
operation is accomplished through a passive network tied directly into the input stage of the
amplifier, not with additional active input circuitry as in other products.  This assures that the
noise benefits of balanced operation are not accompanied by the degradation of more
semiconductors in the gain path.

The input of the amplifier is flexible and can also be operated with unbalanced sources.  The
input system will exhibit full common mode noise rejection with passive balanced sources,
where the negative input is connected to ground at the source through the appropriate source
impedance.  This allows adaptation of unbalanced sources to balanced operation with passive
cable connections in a manner that achieves the noise rejection of active balanced sources.
Pin 1 of the XLR input connector is ground, pin 2 is the positive input, and pin 3 is the
negative input.

The Aleph 2 is shipped with a shorting plug between pins 1 and 3 of the input XLR connector.
This shorting plug sets the gain of the amplifier to 26 dB when you are using the RCA
unbalanced input.  Removal of this plug will set the gain to 20 dB.  Needless to say, you will
remove this plug when using the balanced input.  There is no penalty for not using this plug
with unbalanced operation, and if you have particularly efficient loudspeakers, you may find
that you prefer it this way.

The slew rate of the amplifier is about 10 Volts/uS under load , which is about 3 times faster
than the fastest signal you will ever see, and about 50 times faster than what you will be
listening to.  In and of itself, the slew rate is an unimportant factor when evaluating tube and
simple Mosfet designs.  It becomes more important with complex circuit topologies where
there is heavy dependence on feedback correction, but even then its importance has been
overstated.

The amplifier is powered by a toroidal transformer which charges .12 Farad capacitance.  This
unregulated supply feeds the output transistors only with a full power ripple of about .5 volt.
The power draw of this system is constant regardless of the music playing through the
amplifier.  As such, it does not depend on a high quality AC outlet or special power cords,
since the dynamic performance does not create a variation in AC line draw.  If the AC line is
running low, the output stage will bias to a higher current level by way of compensation.

The amplifier is stable into any load impedance or reactance including a direct short, and will
deliver clean audio signal into 4 ohms at 400 watt peaks.

The Aleph 2 is impervious to electrostatic shock at the input and dead shorts at the output.
You can safely plug and unplug inputs and outputs while the amplifier is running.  (Do not try
this with other products).The Aleph 2 is protected from overheating by a 75 degree C.
thermostatic switch, and from internal failure by a slow-blow fuse.

The Aleph 2 is warranted by Pass Laboratories to meet performance specifications for 3 years
from date of manufacture.  During that time, Pass Laboratories will provide free labor and
parts at the manufacturing site.  The warranty does not include damage due to misuse or
abuse or modified products and also does not include consequential damage.

Summary of Contents for Aleph 2

Page 1: ...Pass Laboratories Aleph 2 Owner s Manual Serial ...

Page 2: ...udspeakers Previous methods of loading the output stage have used networks consisting of resistors coils transformers and active current sources all of which offer an optimal load line based on a resistive load The Aleph 2 has a current source topology which optimizes performance for a wide range of impedance and reactance in the load improving all aspects of performance into real loudspeakers Pas...

Page 3: ...fier draws 300 watts from the wall at all times and during idle operation nearly all of this energy will appear as heat on the heat sinks Good ventilation is vital to the proper operation of the amplifier It has been adjusted for optimal performance at room temperature but will work well between 50 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit 10 to 33 Celsius You should leave at least six inches clearance on the sid...

Page 4: ...ations to characterize the subtleties of sonic performance Amplifiers with similar measurements are not equal and products with higher power wider bandwidth and lower distortion do not necessarily sound better Historically that amplifier offering the most power or the lowest IM distortion or the lowest THD or the highest slew rate or the lowest noise has not become a classic or even been more than...

Page 5: ...s easily accomplished as virtually every amplifier has a bias adjustment pot but it should be done very carefully As an experiment it has the virtue of only changing the bias and the expectations of the experimenter As the bias is reduced the perception of stage depth and ambiance will generally decrease This perception of depth is influenced by the raw quantity of bias current If you continue to ...

Page 6: ...pressure is greater than the corresponding decrease when we allow air to expand This means that for a given motion of a diaphragm acting on air the positive pressure perturbations will be slightly greater than the negative From this we see that air is phase sensitive As a result of its single ended nature the harmonic content of air is primarily 2nd order that is to say most of the distortion of a...

Page 7: ...e analogy of a two man saw cutting down a tree Certainly if we are cutting down trees by hand we would opt for this method as it would be much more efficient As we are not cutting down trees I much prefer the image of a violinist holding the bow at one end with one hand Only in this manner does the musician gain the degree of control and precision required to produce the range and subtlety require...

Page 8: ...ends to increase with current Bipolar power devices have a slight gain increase until they hit about an amp or so and then they decline at higher currents In general the use of bipolar in a single ended Class A circuit is a poor fit Another performance advantage shared by Tubes and Fets is the high performance they deliver in simple Class A circuits Bipolar designs on the market have between five ...

Page 9: ...ll fractions typically 20 of their ratings For extended life we do not allow chip temperatures to exceed 85 degrees C Regardless of the type of gain device in systems where the utmost in natural reproduction is the goal simple single ended Class A circuits are the topologies of choice It is a very simple topology which is a key part of the sound quality Other solid state amplifier designs have fiv...

Page 10: ...nder load which is about 3 times faster than the fastest signal you will ever see and about 50 times faster than what you will be listening to In and of itself the slew rate is an unimportant factor when evaluating tube and simple Mosfet designs It becomes more important with complex circuit topologies where there is heavy dependence on feedback correction but even then its importance has been ove...

Page 11: ... 100 watts 8 ohms 1 200 watts 4 ohms Input Impedance 10 Kohm unbalanced 25 Kohm balanced differential Damping factor 100 nominal Output Noise 600 uV unweighted DC offset 100 mv Power Consumption 300 watts Temperature 25 degrees C above ambient Dimensions 12 W x 12 D x 10 5 H Shipping Weight 60 lb PASS Pass Laboratories P O Box 219 24449 Foresthill Rd Foresthill CA 95631 tel 530 367 3690 fax 530 36...

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