Oerad Concretto, User Manual, Page: 15 / 18

Hz - Hertz, measurement unit for
frequency.
Radio Wave - Electromagnetic
wave with frequency ranging
from 30Hz to 300GHz. For GPR
from 10MHz up to 3GHz.
Radar - A system that uses radio
waves to detect objects. Main
components & signal flow:
Transmitter ->Transmission ante-
nna -> Receiver Antenna -> Recei-
ver data processor.
Frequency Bandwidth - The
spectrum of the radar’s transmit-
ted radio waves’ frequencies.
Central Frequency - Trasmitted
waves at peak power (usually the
centre of the frequency
spectrum).
UWB - Ultra Wide Band radar
that transmits over a frequency
bandwidth > 500MHz.
GPR & Time-domain GPR - State-
of-the-art high resolution radar
with low power consumption.
Survey Sounding - The act of
using GPR technology for object
detection/determination.
Radargram - Image produced by a
radar.
SEG-Y - General purpose file
format for recording geophysical
data from 1973.
ERAD - Oerad’s open radar for-
mat optimized for small data
storage.
Time Window - Operational
window of the receiver antenna.
Penetration Depth - Theoretical
maximum depth achieved during
a given time window and a
material’s dielectric constant.
Dielectric Constant - Measure of
a material’s ability to store elec-
trical energy in an electric field.
Attenuation - Reduction in GPR
signal amplitude caused by
energy dissipation in a material.
Dynamic Range - Ratio b/n the
max amplitude signal recordable
by GPR and its noise floor.
GPR Trace - Sequence of sample
points collected by the receiver
that indicate time variation of
the amplitude of the recorded
signal (in a given time window).
Resolution - Smallest detectable
difference/object in a surveyed
material/soil/wall.
Gain - Signal amplification.
Background Removal - Adaptive
cancellation of the effects of a
surveyed material.
DC Drift - Low frequency noise
causing the signal to drift from
the centre line.
Pulse - Energy packet emitted
from the transmitter antenna. Its
properties are
length, power and
rise time - a measurement of how
fast a pulse achieves peak power.