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Nokia RoofTop™ Wireless Routing Installation Guide

11

Antenna Selection

Directional Antennas - Radiation Pattern Side View

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Summary of Contents for RoofTop R242

Page 1: ...GSDU 468845A paper WREM 070700A on CD 468846A August 2000 Nokia RoofTop Wireless Routing Installation Guide ...

Page 2: ... used in accordance with the instruc tions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be deter mined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by one ...

Page 3: ... SERVICES PROPERTY DAMAGE PERSONAL INJURY INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION OR FOR ANY SPECIAL DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL ECONOMIC COVER PUNITIVE SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES HOWEVER CAUSED AND WHETHER ARISING UNDER CONTRACT TORT NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE GUIDE EVEN IF NOKIA OR AFFILIATES ARE ADVISED OF THE POS...

Page 4: ......

Page 5: ...2 4 1 Omnidirectional Antennas 10 2 4 2 Directional Antennas 10 2 5 Cables 12 2 6 Outdoor Installation Procedures 13 2 6 1 Safety Guidelines 13 2 6 2 Required Installation Components 13 2 6 3 Polarization 14 2 6 4 Test Installation 14 2 6 5 Grounding 15 2 6 6 Weatherproofing 16 2 6 7 Weatherproofing Flexible RF Jumper Cables 19 2 6 8 Amplifier Weatherproofing 20 2 7 Indoor Installation Procedures ...

Page 6: ...ounting 24 3 1 4 Connection Options 25 3 1 5 Amplifiers 26 3 2 Front Panel 28 3 2 1 LED Indicators 28 3 2 2 Configuration 29 3 3 Rear Panel 30 APPENDIX A Cables 31 APPENDIX B Network Planning Guidelines 33 APPENDIX C Technical Specifications 35 APPENDIX D Required Minimum Working Distances for Antennas 39 ...

Page 7: ... Internet access The Nokia AIR Operating System OS provides intelligence security and ease of use to make wireless networks practical simple to deploy and cost effective Wireless Internet or intranet access across a network is completely transparent to the end user The Nokia RoofTop Wireless Routers Models R242 242A are both wireless Internet access devices and IP routers The wireless router units...

Page 8: ...r authentication and link maintenance as well as optimize routing in the wireless environment By scheduling traffic streams to non conflicting transmission times and Radio Frequency RF channels quality sensitive and or bandwidth intensive applications co exist with standard applications 1 1 2 Installation Components Each installation consists of a Nokia RoofTop Wireless Router RF cabling lightning...

Page 9: ...op Wireless Routing Installation Guide 3 Introduction Proper placement and mounting of the wireless router Section 3 1 Proper use of cabling between the wireless router and the subscribers PC network Section 3 1 7 ...

Page 10: ...4 Nokia RoofTop Wireless Routing Installation Guide ...

Page 11: ...ation 2 1 Introduction Chapter topics include Site Analysis Line of Sight Analysis Antenna Selection Cables Outdoor Installation Procedures Safety Guidelines Required Installation Components Polarization Test Installation Grounding Weatherproofing Indoor Installation Procedures ...

Page 12: ...packets for existing and future needs NOTE To maintain broadband data rates it is recommended that networks be kept within three hops 2 2 1 1 Site Survey Steps 1 Determine if there are Line of Sight LOS paths for each proposed link Line of sight exists if there are no obstructions for example trees buildings etc between the antennas For best results there should be no obstructions between the two ...

Page 13: ...of an RF link can be estimated based on Distances between the potential sites The line of sight for the RF paths Antenna RF gains Cable losses 5 After one or more sites have been installed and are operational test each new site before completing the installation 6 After determining the feasibility of the RF link consider the following Hardware and tools necessary to complete the installation Wirel...

Page 14: ...s Antenna and cable selection and mounting based on the site requirements and limitations 2 3 1 Visual Line of Sight Visual line of sight exists when an imaginary straight line can be drawn between two antennas without passing through any physical obstructions Verifying visual line of sight is the first step in planning Observation points must be high enough to allow the viewer to see over obstruc...

Page 15: ...r radio line of sight exists when there are no physical obstructions in the Fresnel Zone 2 3 3 Fresnel Zone Elevate antennas as high as practical above physical obstacles to avoid obstructing the Fresnel Zone the elliptical area adjacent to the path that could reflect unwanted signals into the primary path and reduce signal levels The Fresnel Zone must be considered when installing antennas 2 3 4 ...

Page 16: ...s Radiation Pattern 2 4 2 Directional Antennas Directional antennas focus their RF beam in narrow patterns in one direction Directional antennas provide communications over longer ranges than omnidirectional antennas but are much more limited in the areas they cover Directional antennas maximize link distances They are also effective for simple dedicated point to point links NOTE Directional anten...

Page 17: ...Nokia RoofTop Wireless Routing Installation Guide 11 Antenna Selection Directional Antennas Radiation Pattern Side View ...

Page 18: ...n cable for long cable runs 2 Flexible Jumper Cables flexible cables up to six feet long that connect the wireless router to the low loss RF cable or connect amplifier components with the wireless router and antenna NOTE Only use the RF cables provided by Nokia Using cables or RF equipment other than that provided by Nokia may void the user s authority to operate the equipment ...

Page 19: ...ots to protect your feet from falling objects Do not install antennas on windy or rainy days Assemble the antenna components at or near the final site Ground the antenna support structure prior to erecting the antenna Firmly anchor the base of the support structure Keep the antenna at least twice the mast height from power lines If you start to drop an antenna let it fall and back away from it Ins...

Page 20: ...3 2 Directional Panel Antenna Polarization is identified by an arrow on the rear panel Radiates from the front side and away from the mounting bracket Can be vertically or horizontally polarized the elements can be vertical or horizontal NOTE If you have a combination of vertical omnidirectional antennas and directional antennas the directional antennas must be polarized vertically 2 6 4 Test Inst...

Page 21: ...rounding also minimizes electrical noise and interference which can degrade system performance 1 Provide a good very low resistance wire connection from the antenna mount and wireless router to earth ground 2 Use 12 copper or aluminum wire connected to the metal antenna support and a ground rod next to the building Grounding diagram Antenna Antenna Lead in Wire Lightning Arrestor Electrical Servic...

Page 22: ...the instructions provided by the manufacturer 2 6 6 Weatherproofing Good weatherproofing is the key to antennas that work well in all weather conditions If water or moisture enters a cable or connector it significantly reduces signal levels and often ruins the cable and or connectors All connections that may be exposed to outdoor weather conditions or moisture including condensation must be weathe...

Page 23: ...mounting bracket you must attach the antenna to the mounting bracket before weatherproofing or you will be unable to attach the antenna to the mount because the weatherproofing will prevent the antenna from passing through the antenna mounting hole Mounting Bracket 2 Cut an 8 inch section of the weatherproofing tape and remove the black plastic film from the back of the tape 3 Stretch and apply th...

Page 24: ... apply the tape so that it overlaps half the width of the tape on each wrap The gaps can allow water to enter the connector and cable 5 Continue applying the tape to at least 2 below the connector 6 Squeeze the tape against the antenna and connector to remove any air gaps 7 Attach the antenna to the mast or other mounting solution 8 Attach the antenna to the mast or other structural support ...

Page 25: ...bles When using flexible RF jumpers in the installation weatherproof all connectors and connections that are exposed or could potentially be exposed to outdoor conditions including condensation Use the same technique described for weatherproofing antenna connections Extend the weatherproofing tape at least two inches beyond each connection on the cable Properly weatherproofed antenna connection An...

Page 26: ... connectors must be weatherproofed using the same technique described for weatherproofing antenna connections To prevent rain or snow from falling directly on the connectors mount the amplifier with the connectors facing down The DC injector is designed to be mounted indoors and must be protected from moisture and excessive heat and cold ...

Page 27: ...llation does not require weatherproofing as described in section 2 6 6 All equipment must be installed away from moisture from outside doors open windows faucets and so on Do not install equipment in bathrooms 2 7 2 Antennas For indoor directional panel antenna installations install the antenna at least six feet two meters high and six feet from human access 2 7 3 Grounding The antenna may be appr...

Page 28: ...22 Nokia RoofTop Wireless Routing Installation Guide ...

Page 29: ... to remote computers or LANs This chapter describes how to connect the system and verify the hardware installation 3 1 1 Preinstallation Requirements Professional installers are responsible for moving and re installing all equipment All antenna installations on towers require licensed tower climbers Use only Nokia approved accessories for all installations Ground the antenna support to a ground ro...

Page 30: ...d its associated components are Class B devices that must be installed by a professional 3 1 2 Physical Location Wireless routers must be installed indoors Install the wireless router as close to the entry point of the RF cable into the building as is practical Keep the cable length from the antenna to the wireless router as short as possible Ambient temperature must be 32 104 degrees Fahrenheit A...

Page 31: ...Options There are two ways to connect the wireless router to the subscriber s network PC 1 Network connection 2 Direct Personal Computer connection 3 1 4 1 Network Use a standard Ethernet cable with an RJ45 connector at the wireless router and the appropriate connector at your LAN Ethernet connection ...

Page 32: ...d in some installations An Amplifier kit consists of the amplifier which is mounted next to the antenna and a DC injector which requires AC power and is mounted indoors next to the wireless router Flexible RF jumpers connect the antenna cable to the amplifier and connect the wireless router to the DC injector Low loss RF cable connects the DC injector to the amplifier usually through a small jumpe...

Page 33: ...Nokia RoofTop Wireless Routing Installation Guide 27 Introduction DC Injector Mounts Indoors Amplifier Antenna Amplifier Wiring ...

Page 34: ... between the wireless router and the LAN or PC 2 Radio Blinking indicates packet transmission and reception over the wireless interface 3 Anchor If the configured device is the AirHead there will be no indication until another wireless router is configured If the device is a remote the following LED indications occur Front Panel Wireless Router ...

Page 35: ...t hop neighbor in the path to the AirHead has a Data Rate of one Mbps and the path is 3 hops Fast Flash Either Connected to one or more neighbors but not to an AirHead or Connected to an AirHead with four or more hops in the path LED off The router has no neighbors 4 Power Steady on the wireless router is on 3 2 2 Configuration Refer to the Nokia Wireless Router Manager Configuration Guide for con...

Page 36: ...ized TNC male connectors For systems with an amplifier connect a small jumper cable to the DC Injector To Radio connector 2 LAN The LAN interface is a standard 10 100 BaseT Ethernet RJ45 jack Connect the LAN interface on the wireless router to either The network using a standard Ethernet cable or A PC via an Ethernet crossover cable See Appendix A for a wiring description for the Ethernet crossove...

Page 37: ...g Installation Guide 31 APPENDIX A Cables Ethernet Crossover Cable The wiring for an Ethernet Crossover cable for 10Base T is as follows RJ45 Plug Pin 1 Tx to Pin 3 Rx Pin 2 Tx to Pin 6 Rx Pin 3 Rx to Pin 1 Tx Pin 6 Rx to Pin 2 Tx ...

Page 38: ...32 Nokia RoofTop Wireless Routing Installation Guide ...

Page 39: ...rks within three hops of the AirHead Do not connect more than 40 subscriber units to each AirHead Do not connect more than 6 networks to each AirHead NOTE Subscribers that are one hop away from the AirHead that act as a relay for customers behind them should have 2Mbps links NOTE Subscribers who are two or three hops from the AirHead can have 1Mbps links without negatively affecting their performa...

Page 40: ...34 Nokia RoofTop Wireless Routing Installation Guide ...

Page 41: ...p Wireless Routers R242 242A Nokia RoofTop Wireless Router Models R242 R242A Indoor Mounted Unit Data Capacity per Cell 12 Mbps 6x2 Mbps per channel AirHeads per Cell Routers per Cell Routers per AirHead Up to 6 Up to 240 Up to 40 Antenna Type Typical 8 dBi Omnidirectional external Link Range Typical 1 Mbps Data Rate 2 Mbps Data Rate 0 75 Mile 0 25 Mile ...

Page 42: ...ine Networking RF 10 100Base TX autosensing RJ 45 Not Applicable TNC Female Router Environment Operational Temperature Relative Humidity 00 C 450 C 320 1130 F 10 95 non condensing Router Weight 0 6 lbs Dimensions Router PowerSupply Network Interface Unit Antenna 8 dBi 5 W x 4 D x 1 H Not Applicable 20 H x 1 Base Diameter Power Consumption 11 Watts 120 240 VAC In Line Lightning Arrestor None Extern...

Page 43: ...ion Guide 37 Internet Protocols IP TCP UDP ICMP RIPv1 RIPv2 SNMP TFTP IGMP ARP Proxy ARP DHCP Relay DHCP Server NAT Agency Compliance FCC Class B FCC CFR 47 Part 15 Nokia RoofTop Wireless Router Models R242 R242A Indoor Mounted Unit Continued ...

Page 44: ...38 Nokia RoofTop Wireless Routing Installation Guide ...

Page 45: ...installations of dissimilar type the installer must use the MPE distance for whichever installation has the highest MPE requirement MPE distance cm for number of co located antennas Installation Min Feeder Cable Length ft Max EIRP at Individual Antenna dBm 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 dBi omni 0 8 dBi panel 0 10 dBi omni 50 10 dBi sector 50 34 15 20 25 30 35 35 12 dBi sector 50 8 dBi omni with amplifier 0 36 20 ...

Page 46: ... be employed Co location of the antenna for this device with other transmitters operating below 1 5 GHz or operating with other transmitters above 1 5 GHz with a total EIRP exceeding 500 Watts or co location of more than 6 Wireless Routers will require an evaluation for RF exposure based on the FCC s guidelines as detailed in FCC document OET BULLETIN 65 Edition 97 01 August 1997 This might necess...

Page 47: ...ection Directional Antennas 10 Omnidirectional Antennas 10 F Fresnel Zone 9 Front Panel LED Indicators 28 Front Panel Diagram 28 H Hardware Installation Antenna Connector 30 Connection Network 25 Physical Location 24 Physical Mounting 24 Preinstall Requirements 23 L LAN Interface 26 Line of Sight Analysis Fresnel Zone 9 Radio Line of Sight 9 Visual Line of Sight 8 P Power Port 30 S Site Analysis 6...

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