MOONEY
M20TN - MODEL TYPE-S
SECTION I
GENERAL
1 -- 9
ORIGINAL ISSUE -- 04-02-2008
AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL
SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS & TERMINOLOGY
GENERAL AIR SPEED TERMINOLOGY & SYMBOLS
GS
GROUND SPEED -- Speed of an airplane relative to the ground.
KCAS
KNOTS CALIBRATED AIR SPEED -- The indicated speed of an aircraft,
corrected for position and instrument error. Calibrated airspeed is equal to
true airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea level.
KIAS
KNOTS INDICATED AIRSPEED -- The speed of an aircraft as shown on
its airspeed indicator. IAS values published in this handbook assume zero
instrument error.
KTAS
KNOTS TRUE AIRSPEED -- The airspeed of an airplane relative to undis-
turbed air which is the KCAS corrected for altitude and temperature.
V
a
MANEUVERING SPEED -- The maximum speed at which application of
full available aerodynamic control will not overstress the airplane.
V
fe
MAXIMUM FLAP EXTENDED SPEED -- The highest speed permissible
with wing flaps in a prescribed extended position.
V
le
MAXIMUM LANDING GEAR EXTENDED SPEED --The maximum speed
at which an aircraft can be safely flown with the landing gear extended.
V
lo
MAXIMUM LANDING GEAR OPERATING SPEED -- The maximum speed
at which the landing gear can be safely extended or retracted.
V
ne
NEVER EXCEED SPEED -- The speed limit that may not be exceeded at
any time.
V
no
MAXIMUM STRUCTURAL CRUISING SPEED -- The speed that should
not be exceeded except in smooth air and then only with caution.
V
s
STALLING SPEED -- The minimum steady--flight speed at which the air-
plane is controllable.
V
so
STALLING SPEED -- The minimum steady flight speed at which the air-
plane is controllable in the landing configuration.
V
x
BEST ANGLE--OF--CLIMB SPEED -- The airspeed which delivers the
greatest gain of altitude in the shortest possible horizontal distance.
V
y
BEST RATE--OF--CLIMB SPEED -- The airspeed which delivers the great-
est gain in altitude in the shortest possible time with gear and flaps up.
ENGINE POWER TERMINOLOGY
BHP
BRAKE HORSEPOWER -- Power developed by the engine.
CHT
CYLINDER HEAD TEMPERATURE -- Operating temperature of engine
cylinder(s) being monitored by sensor unit. Expressed in
o
F.
TIT
TURBINE INLET TEMPERATURE -- Temperature at turbine inlet used to
identify the lean fuel flow mixtures for various power settings. Expressed in
o
F.
EGT
EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE -- The exhaust gas temperature mea-
sured in the exhaust pipe manifold. Expressed in
o
F
MCP
MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS POWER -- The maximum power for take off,
normal, abnormal or emergency operations.
MP
MANIFOLD PRESSURE -- Pressure measured in the engine’s induction
system and expressed in inches of mercury (Hg).
RPM
REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE -- Engine speed.
