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Mimomax TORNADO X, Manual

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Mimomax TORNADO X Manual Download Page 21

Product Manual for Tornado X and Tornado XR 

 

21 
 

4  SETTING UP ON THE BENCH 

 
The radio units can be interconnected for bench-based testing or configuration. Attenuators with appropriate 

attenuation and power handling must be used. The RF wiring diagram shows the interconnection of attenuators, 

cables and splitters for a standard bench test.  

  

 

Note: If an NDL system or an MDL system with only one RRU is desired then the splitters, second RRU and 

corresponding attenuators can be omitted. Mimomax  can supply a splitter that provides 4 ports and ~30dB 

attenuation.

 

 

Recommended equipment: 
 

6x high power RF attenuators (30 dB, >30 W) 

2x low power RF attenuators (30dB, > 1W) 

2x RF splitters  

Sufficient RF cables and adaptors to connect the above devices to the radio units 

30dB > 30W 

30dB > 30W 

30dB > 30W 

30dB > 30W 

30dB > 30W 

30dB > 30W 

30dB > 30W 

30dB > 30W 

30dB > 30W 

30dB > 30W 

30dB > 30W 

30dB > 30W 

Summary of Contents for TORNADO X

Page 1: ...do XR 1 PRODUCT MANUAL FOR TORNADO X TORNADO XR Issue 1 June 2021 This document contains proprietary information and must not be provided or copied to third parties without express permission from Mimomax Wireless Ltd FCC ID XMK MMXTRNXB001 ...

Page 2: ... taken in the preparation of this literature and it is believed to be correct at the time of issue Mimomax Wireless Ltd assumes no liability for errors or omissions or for any damages resulting from the use of this information Due to a policy of continuous technical improvement the contents of this document and any specifications contained therein are subject to revision and may change without not...

Page 3: ...r radio interference and pests and correct maintenance of the Equipment c for third party interference fair wear and tear abuse damage or misuse correction or repairs or modifications made other than by Mimomax or any repairs required due to events beyond the control of Mimomax d for abnormal conditions electrical thermal chemical or otherwise including without limitation factors outside the opera...

Page 4: ... Screening 14 2 6 Mains Connection 15 2 7 FCC 15 19 Statement 15 2 8 FCC 15 105 b Statement 15 3 Tornado Radio Unit Overview 16 3 1 Connectors 16 3 2 Digital Processing System 17 3 2 1 Power Supply 17 3 2 2 Central Processor Unit 17 3 2 3 FPGA 17 3 2 4 Receive Converters 18 3 2 5 Transmit Converters 18 3 2 6 Reference Clock Synthesisers 18 3 2 7 Dual Ethernet 18 3 2 8 Dual Serial 18 3 2 9 GPIO 18 ...

Page 5: ...e Tx 29 6 5 4 Complete Both Transmitter Calibration 29 6 5 5 To Finish Power Calibration click Done Calibration Fault 30 7 RSSI Calibration 31 7 1 RSSI Calibration 31 7 2 Reference Calibration 32 7 2 1 Equipment Required for Reference Calibration 32 7 2 2 How to Calibrate the Reference 32 8 Radio Reference Information 34 8 1 Mechanical Dimensions and Mounting 34 8 1 1 Dimensions 34 8 1 2 Mounting ...

Page 6: ...eparated Value DAC Digital to Analogue Converter DC Direct Current DFE Decision Feedback Equalizer DIF Digital Interface DPLXR Duplexer DPS Digital Processing System DRU Diversity Radio Unit DSP Digital Signal Processing DTE Data Terminal Equipment EF Express Forward EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility ERM Electromagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters ESD Electrostatic Sensitive Device ET...

Page 7: ...ut Multi Output MRAP Mimomax Routing Adaptation Protocols NDL Network Digital Link NIB Network Interface Board NTP Network Time Protocol OPV Optimised Protection Variant OSI Open System Interconnection OSPF Open Shortest Path First OTAC Over the Air Configuration OTAP Over the Air Programming PA Power Amplifier PC Personal Computer PCB Printed Circuit Board PECL Positive Emitter Coupled Logic PG P...

Page 8: ...anagement Protocol SPI Serial Peripheral Interface SS Synchronous Serial TCP Transmission Control Protocol TTR Time to Repair TX Transmit UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter UDP User Datagram Protocol UHF Ultra High Frequency USD United States Dollar VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator VCTCXO Voltage Controlled Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator VRMS Volts Root Mean Square VRRP ...

Page 9: ...rough the enabling and disabling of features and functionalities 1 1 NETWORK DIGITAL LINKS NDL The Mimomax NDL is a highly reliable and robust point to point wireless linking solution designed to support PMR Linking SCADA and Backhaul applications An NDL link is a simple point to point over the air connection between two Tornado X radios in NDL mode One is configured as master the other as slave T...

Page 10: ...intaining IDs settable between 3 and 356 The Mimomax MDL supports both native IP and legacy Asynchronous Serial RS232 Remote Terminal Units RTUs by means of optional embedded Terminal Server software A number of interfaces are available to support various applications Additionally the system is capable of supporting remote outstations simultaneously on different modulation schemes to accommodate v...

Page 11: ...n addition to providing a low latency low jitter 64kbps protection channel it also provides at least 64kbps Ethernet capacity over the same radio link The protection relays typically use the radio link to exchange data packets at 64kbps containing power system voltage and current magnitude and phase angle information This information is used to determine whether there is an unexpected event or pow...

Page 12: ...Product Manual for Tornado X and Tornado XR 12 Mimomax Tornado OPV T Synchronous Serial Latency Table ...

Page 13: ...ax Wireless are recommended to use with Tornado X and Tornado XR Dual Polarized Omni Directional Antenna 8dBi 2xN Female Dual Polarized Compact Panel Antenna 8dBi 2xN Female Dual Polarized MiMO Directional Panel Antenna 9dBi 2xN Female Compact Panel Antenna 9dBi 2xN Female 2x4 3 10 Female Compact Panel Antenna 11dBi 2xN Female 2x4 3 10 Female MiMO Low Profile Panel Antenna 12dBi 2xN Female MiMO Pa...

Page 14: ...using coaxial cable may in some circumstances create a fire hazard Connection to a cable distribution system has therefore to be provided through a device providing electrical isolation below a certain frequency range galvanic isolator see EN 60728 11 NOTE In Norway due to regulation for installations of cable distribution systems and in Sweden a galvanic isolator shall provide electrical insulati...

Page 15: ...his equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmf...

Page 16: ...ors Tornado XR Connectors Tornado X radio units can operate as either a Base Radio Unit BRU or Remote Radio Unit RRU as part of a Multi point Digital Link MDL system or alternatively as a NDL unit as part of a Network Digital Link NDL system Tornado XR radio unit can only operate as Remote Radio Unit RRU as part of a Multipoint Digital Link MDL system The actual mode of operation will depend on th...

Page 17: ...f the radio unit It provides an accurate and stable 40MHz system reference clock from which all the required digital clocks and RF local oscillator frequencies for transmit and receive functions are derived It processes signals that have been transmitted or received and provides overall control and monitoring to the rest of the system via the built in Configuration Control and Management Software ...

Page 18: ...ransmitter and receiver local oscillators transmit DACs receive ADCs and the FPGA The 40MHz output from the VCTCXO also feeds a PLL IC which generates a 26MHz clock for the CPU and a 25MHz clock for the Ethernet controller IC 3 2 7 DUAL ETHERNET The Ethernet is provided via a three port managed Ethernet switch one port is the internal connection to the CPU and the other two ports are available on ...

Page 19: ...TOR The receiver local oscillator consists of a programmable fractional N phase locked loop PLL frequency synthesiser using a stable reference frequency from an internal 40MHz temperature compensated crystal oscillator located on the DPS PCB The required local oscillator frequency i e receive frequency minus 45 1MHz is programmed by the unit central processing system which controls the synthesiser...

Page 20: ...ynthesizer control loop incorporates a low noise op amp active filter and level shifter the output of which feeds the voltage controlled oscillator VCO The VCO uses a LC resonator tuned by high Q varicap diodes to minimize phase noise and jitter The required main local oscillator frequency range is 757MHz to 788MHz 31MHz total for 700MHz Tornado X and XR The secondary LO FPD is disciplined by the ...

Page 21: ...nch test Note If an NDL system or an MDL system with only one RRU is desired then the splitters second RRU and corresponding attenuators can be omitted Mimomax can supply a splitter that provides 4 ports and 30dB attenuation Recommended equipment 6x high power RF attenuators 30 dB 30 W 2x low power RF attenuators 30dB 1W 2x RF splitters Sufficient RF cables and adaptors to connect the above device...

Page 22: ...for the multipoint network First we connect to each radio unit locally To do this configure the IP address subnet mask and gateway of the connected device or laptop It is crucial that the laptops devices are on the same subnet as the Tornado s and also that their gateway is set to the Tornado s IP address This means you will need to reconfigure the IP information if moving the laptop between radio...

Page 23: ...ado X and Tornado XR 23 Figure 1 Ipconfig on the left In this case the gateway has not been set properly and on the right Pinging 192 168 0 1 the BRU from Laptop A You are now ready to log in configure and monitor the system ...

Page 24: ...ware that enables you to connect to a Mimomax radio unit using a web browser such as Internet Explorer Firefox or Chrome No application other than a web browser needs to be installed on your PC or laptop The radio unit serves up the CCMS web pages For a full list of functions please refer to Mimomax s Tornado CCMS Manual ...

Page 25: ...ngs when used with Mimomax transmitters and may be suitable only for relative power measurement The transmitters are accurately set up in the factory to produce 2 5W 34dBm average power output To avoid compromising spectral purity it is very important that the power output be set no higher than this 6 3 PROCESS OVERVIEW The process of changing frequencies can be seen below Frequency change process...

Page 26: ...To change the Tx and Rx frequencies on the radio click Retune Frequencies This will take you to a new page Retune Frequencies CCMS Page On this page enter the new Tx and Rx frequencies The above image shows an example of this Afterwards click Next to continue the process ...

Page 27: ...process when using CLI in terms of what users can do It is also a subject to constraints that the UI poses on the user The power meter should be connected to the Radio RF port that is to be calibrated via a 30dB 30W RF attenuator and the power meter should be configured with correct amplitude offset including the attenuation plus cable loss First select the TX Power Calibration from Calibration at...

Page 28: ...turned on for transmitter 1 transmitter 2 is Off and user is ready to measure output power uncalibrated output The following page will allow to input the measured power and perform the 1st step of calibration the coarse step During this step the duplexer loss in the RF EEPROM will be adjusted once Calibrate is pressed This click will take the user to the 2nd calibration step called the fine step 6...

Page 29: ...still calibrating one of the Tx s by pressing the Abort button on this screen or on other process screens The abort isn t permitted once both transmitters show a green YES on the last screen This is one difference between CCMS and CLI the CLI allows users to abort at any time unless you ve already issued a confirm 6 5 4 COMPLETE BOTH TRANSMITTER CALIBRATION The next page shows up when both transmi...

Page 30: ...rocess can fail This will occur if the PG is out of range at the fine step The system checks the resulting PG against limits and the PG must be inside them for the calibration to pass On failure of one of the transmitters the following page will be show This will result in failure and user will need to abort by pressing the Abort button ...

Page 31: ...e respectively RSSI calibration can be easily achieved by following the instructions step by step Below is the summary of the procedure that is also shown on the RSSI Calibration page below Calibration RSSI Calibration 1 Connect signal generator via a 30dB attenuator to Channel 1 RF port receiver 1 2 Set signal generator level so that 40dBm can be measured at the receiver input Choose un modulated...

Page 32: ... is needed with a level between 5 and 20 dBm A Mimomax GPIO Ref Alarm cable A connection to the radios CCMS 7 2 2 HOW TO CALIBRATE THE REFERENCE 1 Feed the 10 MHz source into the reference inputs of the GPIO Ref Alarm connector Brown and Red wires on the Mimomax GPIO Ref Alarm cable Note the reference signal is differential but it does not normally cause any problems if a non differential signal i...

Page 33: ...Product Manual for Tornado X and Tornado XR 33 Reference calibration ...

Page 34: ...34 8 RADIO REFERENCE INFORMATION 8 1 MECHANICAL DIMENSIONS AND MOUNTING This section describes the dimensions of the Tornado radio unit and the various methods of mounting 8 1 1 DIMENSIONS Mechanical Dimensions for Tornado XR All units are in mm ...

Page 35: ...e in mm 8 1 2 MOUNTING The radio unit can be mounted in Rack Pole Wall or DIN mount configurations Each of these styles of mounting can be further customised further by collocating or separating aspects such as batteries and power supplies There are advantages and disadvantages for each scenario ...

Page 36: ...gned to be used to mount the Tornado X and Tornado XR into a standard 19 rack enclosure occupying 1U of rack height Tools required are a 2 Philips screwdriver Mechanical Dimensions for Tornado X with mounting brackets All units are in mm Assembled and exploded view of the Tornado XR rack mount ...

Page 37: ... mount kit can be used to mount the Tornado XR to an existing structure or even to a large diameter wooden pole If the Tornado is mounted outside then the weatherproof hood must be used Tools required are a 2 Philips screwdriver and R2 square drive The supplied wall screws are of Walldog type They do not require a drill bit for wood but a 5mm drill bit will be required to insert the mounting screw...

Page 38: ...Tornado XR DIN mount dimension in mm 8 1 2 5 Weatherproof hood The weatherproof hood can be used to protect the Tornado XR interfaces from dust or moisture ingress It needs to be used whenever the unit is mounted in an outdoor environment or in adverse conditions When installing the hood orientate it so that the power label on the hood is on the same side as power label on the radio unit Do not ov...

Page 39: ...herproof hood Mounting orientation of the weatherproof hood 8 1 2 6 Mounting holes If other mounting options are desired the mounting holes described as shown below can be used directly Ensure that bolts of the correct diameter and depth are used otherwise damage may occur ...

Page 40: ...location 8 2 INPUT AND OUTPUT This section describes the general I O of the device It includes an overview of all connectors as well as LED s and other relevant electrical parameters Refer to the Tornado serial manual for detailed information on the use of the serial interfaces ...

Page 41: ...rovide the Ethernet connection s Shielded cable is not normally required Serial Two shielded RJ45 sockets provide serial port connection Power connector A Phoenix Contact MSTB 2 5 HC connector provides the Power Connection GPIO A JST S12B EH connector has the GPIO Alarm and Reference connections Earth A chassis earth point is provided USB host USB M An A type USB connector provides the connection ...

Page 42: ... The operating input voltage range of the power supply is 10 5 to 60 VDC This means that the voltage must not rise above 60 VDC under idle conditions or fall below 10 5 VDC at full load 8 2 3 2 Static Power Input The typical power drawn when the transmitter is active is about 67 5W maximum 73 5W This occurs when the two transmitter channels are operating at full power Note this assumes a 100 trans...

Page 43: ...rame which in turn should be part of a well designed station grounding system This internal grounding is designed for EMC and transient protection currents The RU casting is tapped to take a M4 x 8mm screw for grounding purpose 8 2 3 6 Supply Noise Regardless of the EMC provisions in the equipment power wiring from the DC source should not be shared with other equipment that may introduce excessiv...

Page 44: ... 2m 61 8 11m Max loop resistance 0 06 Ω 1 0 Ω 3 2 Ω Table 3 Recommended maximum cable length for a given supply cable size Note 1 The Phoenix Contact MSTB 2 5 HC plug can support stranded wire with a cross sectional area between 0 2 mm2 and 2 5 mm2 Longer cable runs will therefore need to use a distribution block and cable with a smaller size for the final connection ...

Page 45: ...ise Fall time 100Base Tx 3 5 ns Tx Rise Fall imbalance 100Base Tx 0 0 5 ns Tx duty cycle distortion 100Base Tx 0 5 ns Tx Overshoot 100Base Tx 5 Tx Output Jitter 100Base Tx Peak to Peak 0 7 1 4 ns Tx Peak Differential voltage 10Base T 100 Ohm termination 2 4 V Tx Output Jitter 10Base T Peak to Peak 1 4 11 ns Rx Squelch Threshold 10Base T 5MHz square wave 400 mV Serial Output Voltage swing Loaded wi...

Page 46: ... voltage max 33 VDC Parameter Conditions Min Typical Max Units Reference input Level 5 20 dBm Frequency 10 MHz Reference output Level 0 dBm Frequency 10 MHz USB Host VBus Output Current 400 mA Input voltage Voltage on Dm and Dp pins 0 3 5 25 V USB Device Input voltage Voltage on Dm and Dp pins 5 25 V Vbus Voltage on VBus pin 5 5 V Table 4 Electrical characteristics ...

Page 47: ... 7 Out of Radio RTS 8 In to Radio Ground 4 n a 5VDC 1 Out of Radio 8 2 4 3 GPIO Alarm REF The GPIO alarm and reference in out signals are available via a 12 pin connector on the front of the tornado see GPIO Connector below A complete cable loom is available from Mimomax or alternatively the female connector required is a JST HRP 12 S For pinouts see Table 4 GPIO pin out Configuration of the GPIO ...

Page 48: ... Circuit GPIO as digital output The GPIO pins provide an open collector output which can be used to drive a relay or generate a level The current can be up to 100 mA GPIO Output Circuit Signal Name Pin number Colour on Mimomax cable Not Connected 1 n a Ext Ref n 2 Brown Ext Ref p 3 Red GPIO Ground Radio Ground 4 Orange GPIO_4 5 Yellow GPIO_3 6 Green GPIO_2 7 Blue GPIO_1 8 Violet Open in Alarm 9 Gr...

Page 49: ...0O C Horizontal mount all products or 30O C 70 O C for a vertically mounted RRU Base Gross Data Rate 50 kHz 160 kbps Full duplex QPSK 25 kHz 80kbps Full duplex 12 5kHz 40kbps Full duplex Upgradable Gross Data Rate 50 kHz 320 480 640 kbps Full duplex 16 64 256 QAM 25 kHz 160 240 320kbps Full duplex 12 5kHz 80 120 160kbps Full duplex Available Data Rate 50 kHz 132 262 410 548 kbps Full duplex QPSK 1...

Page 50: ...ER 50 kHz 109 102 96 89 dBm 25 kHz 112 105 99 92dBm 12 5kHz 116 108 102 96dBm Frequency Range 757 to 758 and 787 to 788 MHz Frequency Step Size 5kHz 6 25 kHz selectable Nominal Channel Bandwidth 12 5kHz 25 kHz and 50kHz Maximum Signal Level 10dBm QPSK Absolute Maximum Input Level 20dBm Transmitter Number of MIMO Transmitters 2 Nominal load impedance 50 Ohms Require better than 1 5 1 VSWR 14 dB ret...

Page 51: ...rection and internal duplexer loss Note that systems employing adaptive modulation e g MDL or MCAM will automatically reduce the modulation order at a signal level higher than the specified sensitivity level This will maintain the lowest possible error rate Table 6 RF characteristics 8 2 5 1 Site Engineering For personal safety and equipment reliability reasons the following must be adhered to Pow...

Page 52: ...ng protection is important to ensure the protection of the tower antenna and the radio equipment hardware Below shows the point earthing concept recommended The technique recommended to protect the radio unit antenna feeder and tower uses earthing kits in strategic places The key points are adjacent to the feeder connector at the antenna where the feeder leaves the base of the tower and where the ...

Page 53: ...l rating for the receiver unit will be triggered by transmitting voltages This will cause a high VSWR and poor performance 8 3 INSTALLATION Three styles of system installation are shown below Of these a has the lowest RF losses and the highest efficiency of power supply to the RU However mounting of the battery equipment up the pole may be considered a disadvantage from a mechanical or installatio...

Page 54: ... protection but also needs to take performance parameters such as antenna location antenna separation and other RF sources Please contact Mimomax if more information in these areas is required A comprehensive source of information and guidance on general site engineering issues has been published by ETSI EG 200 053 v1 5 1 2004 06 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters ERM Radio s...

Page 55: ... and Tornado XR 55 8 4 COMPLIANCES RF Bands 757 758 787 788 MHz Radio Performance FCC 47CFR part 27 EMC FCC 47CFR part 15 Environmental 60950 22 Outdoor Safety Safety IEC 60950 1 2005 Am 1 2009 EN 62368 1 2014 Table 7 Compliances ...

Page 56: ...uct Manual for Tornado X and Tornado XR 56 9 DOCUMENT HISTORY Issue Date Description 1 13 April 2021 Update for Power Supply domain 25 May 2021 Information for RF part updated 10 June 2021 DC power updated ...

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