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Model 16 Analyzer

Technical Manual

Section 3

Ludlum Measurements, Inc.

Page 3-1

July 2011

Specifications

Compatible Detectors

: GM, proportional, and scintillation

Power

: two

cell batteries housed in a sealed externally accessible

compartment

Battery Life

: typically 600 hours with alkaline batteries (battery

condition may be checked on the meter)

Multipliers

: ×1, ×10, ×100, and ×1000 selected by a front panel range

selector switch

High Voltage

: adjustable from 400 to 2500 V; can be read on the meter

face

Threshold

: adjustable from 2 to 60 mV

Window

: adjustable from 0 to 60 mV above threshold (can be turned on

or off)

Overload

: senses detector saturation; indicated by red lamp meter and

full-scale meter deflection (adjustable depending on the detector

selected)

Meter

: 6.4 cm (2.5 in.) arc, 1 mA analog type

Meter Dial

: 0-500 counts per minute (cpm), 0-2.5 kV,

BAT TEST

(others

available)

Range

: typically 0-500,000 cpm

Linearity

: reading within 10% of true value with detector connected

Battery Dependence

: instrument calibration change less than 3%

within battery check limits on the meter

Calibration Controls

: individual potentiometers for each range;

accessible from the front cover while in operational status

Section

Summary of Contents for 16

Page 1: ...LUDLUM MODEL 16 ANALYZER July 2011 Serial Number 95362 and Succeeding Serial Numbers ...

Page 2: ...LUDLUM MODEL 16 ANALYZER July 2011 Serial Number 95362 and Succeeding Serial Numbers ...

Page 3: ...anty of merchantability or fitness which extend beyond the description of the face there of If the product does not perform as warranted herein purchaser s sole remedy shall be repair or replacement at the option of Ludlum Measurements In no event will Ludlum Measurements be liable for damages lost revenue lost wages or any other incidental or consequential damages arising from the purchase use or...

Page 4: ......

Page 5: ...tions 4 Safety Considerations 5 Environmental Conditions for Normal Use 5 1 Warning Markings and Symbols 5 1 Cleaning and Maintenance Precautions 5 2 Calibration and Maintenance 6 Establishing an Operating Point 6 1 Calibration 6 1 GM Detectors 6 2 Proportional Detectors 6 2 Scintillation Detectors 6 3 Window Calibration 6 3 HV Calibration 6 4 Ratemeter Calibration 6 5 Detector Overload Calibratio...

Page 6: ...lize a GM Scintillator or Proportional Detector 7 1 Troubleshooting GM Detectors 7 3 Troubleshooting Scintillators 7 4 Troubleshooting Proportional Detectors 7 4 Recycling 8 Parts List 9 Model 16 Analyzer 9 1 Main Board Drawing 363 558 9 1 Calibration Board Drawing 363 511 9 4 Wiring Diagram Drawing 363 515 9 4 Drawings and Diagrams 10 ...

Page 7: ... a single channel analyzer With the WIN switch in the OUT position the discriminator level is controlled by the THR potentiometer which is adjustable from 2 to 60 mV In this mode the instrument performs as a gross count ratemeter With the WIN switch in the IN position the WIN potentiometer controls the high discriminator level The high discriminator level may be adjusted between the THR level and ...

Page 8: ...tant If multiple shipments are received ensure that the detectors and instruments are not interchanged Each instrument is calibrated to specific detectors and therefore not interchangeable To return an instrument for repair or calibration provide sufficient packing material to prevent damage during shipment Also provide appropriate warning labels to ensure careful handling Include detector s and r...

Page 9: ...nector Switch the Model 16 range selector switch to the OFF position before connecting or disconnecting the cable or detector Connect one end of a detector cable to the detector by firmly pushing the connectors together while twisting clockwise a quarter of a turn Repeat the process in the same manner with the other end of the cable and the instrument Battery Test The batteries should be checked e...

Page 10: ...ying low numbers which require a more stable meter movement The fast response position is used at high rate levels Check the meter reset function by depressing the RES pushbutton and ensuring the meter needle drops to 0 When the RES pushbutton is released the meter needle recovers to the original reading Depress the HV pushbutton and note that the meter indicates the high voltage set point Note HV...

Page 11: ...heck source should be obtained at the time of initial calibration or as soon as possible for use in confirming proper instrument operation In each case ensure a proper reading on each scale If the instrument fails to read within 20 of a proper reading it should be sent to a calibration facility for recalibration ...

Page 12: ...eshold adjustable from 2 to 60 mV Window adjustable from 0 to 60 mV above threshold can be turned on or off Overload senses detector saturation indicated by red lamp meter and full scale meter deflection adjustable depending on the detector selected Meter 6 4 cm 2 5 in arc 1 mA analog type Meter Dial 0 500 counts per minute cpm 0 2 5 kV BAT TEST others available Range typically 0 500 000 cpm Linea...

Page 13: ...conds in the fast F position or 22 seconds in the slow S position from 10 to 90 of final reading Connector series C other available Reset pushbutton to zero the meter Operating Temperature 20 to 50 C 4 to 122 F Size 16 5 x 8 9 x 21 6 cm 6 5 x 3 5 x 8 5 in H x W x L Weight 1 6 kg 3 5 lb including batteries Construction cast and drawn aluminum with beige powder coating and silk screened nomenclature...

Page 14: ...ssed this switch provides a rapid means of driving the meter needle to zero AUD ON OFF Toggle Switch in the ON position this switch operates the unimorph speaker located on the left side of the instrument The frequency of the clicks is relative to the rate of the incoming pulses The higher the rate the higher the audio frequency The audio should be turned OFF when not required to reduce battery dr...

Page 15: ... multiplier THR recessed potentiometer located under the calibration cover which allows the input sensitivity threshold to be adjusted from 2 to 60 millivolts The threshold is normally set for 10 millivolts at the factory WIN recessed potentiometer located under the calibration cover which allows the window width to be adjusted from 0 to 2 0 times the threshold setting input sensitivity The window...

Page 16: ...uctive due to condensation This is typical of industrial or construction sites Warning Markings and Symbols Caution The operator or responsible body is cautioned that the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired if the equipment is used in a manner not specified by Ludlum Measurements Inc The Model 16 Analyzer is marked with the following symbols CAUTION RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK per ISO ...

Page 17: ...t for one minute before accessing internal components The crossed out wheelie bin symbol notifies the consumer that the product is not to be mixed with unsorted municipal waste when discarding each material must be separated The symbol is placed on the battery compartment lid See section 8 Recycling for further information The CE mark is used to identify this instrument as being acceptable for use...

Page 18: ...are above the discrimination level and the unwanted pulses from noise are below the discrimination level and are therefore not counted Total system gain is controlled by adjusting either the instrument threshold or high voltage Voltage affects control in the probe THR threshold controls the amplifier gain The operating point for each detector is set at a compromise point of sensitivity stability a...

Page 19: ...rements 5 Connect GM detector and confirm proper operation with a radiation source PROPORTIONAL DETECTORS 1 Set THR for 2 mV 2 Set WIN IN OUT to OUT 3 Expose detector to a radiation source and observe count rate with and without the source as voltage is increased in 50 volt increments Plot this Data vs High Voltage 4 Select an operating High Voltage point with minimum change in Count Rate vs High ...

Page 20: ...ts should be taken with the WIN IN OUT switch in the OUT position and plotted for both background and a reference source such as 137 Cs for high energy or 241 Am for low energy Window calibration will be valid only with the specific detector to be used with the Model 16 A check source will be required A Model 500 Pulser will be required if the WIN calibration is shifted to another energy Using the...

Page 21: ... max window at 1 4 MeV max reset THR to 21 mV and WIN to 26 mV Cs This gives 53 KeV per mV Ten millivolts is equivalent to 53 KeV and the 5 mV wide window window setting minus threshold setting is equivalent to 265 KeV or the window is between 530 KeV and 795 KeV HV CALIBRATION High voltage may be adjusted by the HV control Press the HV pushbutton to observe high voltage reading on the meter Note ...

Page 22: ...unterclockwise position With Scintillation Detectors 1 For alpha or beta scintillators expose the detector photomultiplier tube PMT to a small light leak by loosening the detector window The meter should start to decrease toward zero as light saturates the scintillation material 2 Expose just enough light to where the meter starts to decrease Adjust the OL control until the overload LED just begin...

Page 23: ... reading 200 mR hr Adjust the OL control until the LED flickers at 1000 mR hr and then place the detector at 500 mR hr to ensure the LED is disabled Note When a GM and Scintillation detector is used the overload set point must be adjusted for the GM detector due to the greater current drain from the GM detector Maintenance Instrument maintenance consists of keeping the instrument clean and periodi...

Page 24: ...uments but most other manufacturers instruments Calibration procedures are available upon request for customers who choose to calibrate their own instruments BATTERIES The batteries should be removed any time the instrument is placed into storage Battery leakage may cause corrosion on the battery contacts which must be scraped off and or washed using a paste solution made from baking soda and wate...

Page 25: ...bles 2 sticky meters 3 battery contacts Note that the first troubleshooting tip is for determining whether the problem is with the electronics or with the detector A Ludlum Model 500 Pulser is invaluable at this point because of its ability to simultaneously check high voltage input sensitivity or threshold and the electronics for proper counting We hope these tips will prove to be helpful As alwa...

Page 26: ...d to check the HV ensure that one with high impedance is used as a standard multimeter could be damaged in this process 2 Check for noise in the detector cable by disconnecting the detector placing the instrument on the lowest range setting and wiggling the cable while observing the meter face for significant changes in readings 3 Check for sticky meter movement Does the reading change when you ta...

Page 27: ...od detector and or cable 2 Has the correct operating voltage been set Refer to the calibration certificate or detector instruction manual for correct operating voltage If the instrument uses multiple detectors confirm that the high voltage is matched to the current detector being used 1 Ensure that the AUD ON OFF switch is in the ON position 2 Remove the instrument housing and check the connection...

Page 28: ... operate from 10 35 mV High voltage varies with the photomultiplier tubes PMT from as low as 600 Vdc to as high as 1400 Vdc 3 On a gamma scintillator visually inspect the crystal for breakage or humidity leakage Water inside the crystal will turn it yellow and gradually degrade performance 4 Check the PMT to see if the photocathode still exists If the end of the PMT is clear not brownish this indi...

Page 29: ...50 Vdc and 30 mV threshold 3 Gas proportional detectors need P 10 gas so check the window for tears or leaks and ensure an adequate supply of gas 4 If the window is torn the anode wires are likely to be broken as well shorting against the detector Replace broken wires clean the lacquer thinner then bake at 93 C 200 F 5 Humidity can also be a problem for proportional detectors Dry and or check the ...

Page 30: ...t simply desires to inform its consumers of the range of recyclable materials present in its products so that the user will have flexibility in following all local and federal laws The following types of recyclable materials are present in Ludlum Measurements Inc electronics products and should be recycled separately The list is not all inclusive nor does it suggest that all materials are present ...

Page 31: ...5663 C112 1μF 35V 04 5656 C113 C114 0 01μF 50V 04 5664 C121 C122 68μF 6 3V 04 5654 C201 0 0047μF 3kV 04 5547 C202 100pF 3kV 04 5532 C203 C204 0 0047μF 3kV 04 5547 C211 0 01μF 50V 04 5664 C212 0 022μF 50V 04 5667 C221 47μF 04 5666 C222 470pF 100V 04 5668 C301 10μF 20V 04 5655 C302 100pF 3kV 04 5532 C303 0 001μF 100V 04 5659 C311 47pF 100V 04 5660 C312 68μF 6 3V 04 5654 C313 C314 47pF 100V 04 5660 C...

Page 32: ... 06 6297 U321 LM285M 2 5 06 6291 U322 LM285M 1 2 05 5845 U401 CA3096M 06 6288 U402 TLC372ID 06 6290 U411 CA3096M 06 6288 U412 TLC372ID 06 6290 CR001 CR003 MR250 2 07 6266 CR101 CR102 MR250 2 07 6266 CR111 MMBD914L 07 6353 R211 250 07 6366 R423 500K HV HV READOUT 09 6913 R421 1M HV LIMIT LIM 09 6906 R111 200 OHM 1 12 7846 R112 2 21k 1 12 7835 R113 22 1k 1 12 7843 R114 1 M 1 12 7844 R121 2 21k 1 12 ...

Page 33: ...7849 R311 R312 100 OHM 1 12 7840 R424 182k 1 12 7860 R422 1 M 1 12 7844 R313 R315 100k 1 12 7834 R321 10k 1 12 7839 R401 10k 1 12 7839 R402 4 75k 1 12 7858 R403 1k 1 12 7832 R404 10k 1 12 7839 R411 100k 1 12 7834 R412 249k 1 12 7862 R413 10k 1 12 7839 R414 100k 1 12 7834 R415 200 OHM 1 12 7846 R416 R417 22 1k 1 12 7843 P1 CONN 1 640456 1 MTA100 13 8059 P2 CONN 1 640456 3 MTA100 13 8100 P4 CONN 640...

Page 34: ...k WINDOW 09 6819 R11 3 3k 10 7013 R8 680k 5 12 7694 R5 1 M 1 12 7609 RN1 10k SIP 8P 12 7720 P3 CONN 640456 9 MTA100 13 8094 P5 CONN 640456 6 MTA100 13 8095 S1 S2 7101 SYZ QE 08 6511 S3 923PB SWTCHCRFT 08 6518 S4 PA 600 210 08 6501 S5 7101 SYZ QE 08 6511 S6 30 1 PB GRAYHILL 08 6517 J1 CONN 1 640442 1 MTA100 13 8137 J2 CONN 1 640442 3 MTA100 13 8138 J3 CONN 640442 9 MTA100 13 8169 J4 CONN 640442 2 M...

Page 35: ... CASTING Model 16 9363 695 MAIN HARNESS Model 16 8363 721 PORTABLE CAN ASSY 4363 441 PORTABLE KNOB 08 6613 PORT MTR BEZEL W GLASS SCREWS 4363 352 PORTABLE METERFACE W OL 7363 719 PORT CAL COVER W SCREWS 9363 200 UNIMORPH W WIRES O RING 40 0034 PORT HANDLE GRIP W SCREWS 7363 139 PORT HANDLE FOR CLIP W SCREWS 7363 203 M44 3 TYPE CLIP W SCREWS 7002 026 01 M44 7 TYPE CLIP W SCREWS 7010 007 01 M44 6 44...

Page 36: ...urements Inc Page 10 1 July 2011 Drawings MAIN CIRCUIT BOARD SCHEMATIC Drawing 363 558 MAIN CIRCUIT BOARD LAYOUT Drawing 363 559 CALIBRATION BOARD SCHEMATIC Drawing 363 511 CALIBRATION BOARD LAYOUT Drawing 363 512 WIRING DIAGRAM Drawing 363 515 Section 10 ...

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