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Lexicon

3-8

PCM 80 User Guide

The 6-Voice

Algorithms

Each 6-Voice algorithm is a combination of a specific 6-voice stereo effect and
a specific reverb effect. These algorithms: Glide>Hall, Rvb, M-Band+Rvb,
Res1>Plate and Res2>Plate are each optimized for a particular class of audio
processing effects in combination with studio quality stereo reverberation,
bringing formidable processing power and flexibility to effects creation.

The 6-Voice algorithms use the same, uncompromised, stereo reverberation
effects as the 4-Voice algorithms but, instead of the general-purpose Reverb
Shell, each reverb is coupled with a unique 6-voice stereo effect: gliding delays,
6-voice chorus, multi-band EQ, and two 6-voice resonators. Voices 1-3 are
connected to input audio panned to the left. Voices 4-6 are connected to input
audio panned to the right. (Use the InPan L and InPan R controls at Control
mode 0.2 to pan input audio.) Each voice has independent delay time, panning
and level controls, in addition to other parameters specific to the particular effect.

In the Glide>Hall, Res1>Plate and Res2>Plate algorithms, the reverb effect is
in series with the 6-voice effect. Use FX Mix to set the relative level of dry and
reverberated effect.

In the M-Band+Rvb and the Rvb algorithms, the reverb effect is in
parallel with the 6-voice effect. Use FX Mix to set the balance of the 6-voice effect
and the reverb.

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Summary of Contents for PCM 80

Page 1: ...User Guide Digital Effects Processor PCM 80 ...

Page 2: ...ons du Canada After unpacking the PCM 80 save all packing materials in case you ever need to ship the unit Thoroughly inspect the PCM 80 and packing materials for signs of damage Report any shipment damage to the carrier at once report equipment malfunction to your dealer CAUTION RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT OPEN This triangle which appears on your component alerts you to the pres ence of uninsul...

Page 3: ...User Guide Digital Effects Processor PCM 80 ...

Page 4: ...ittävän korkea aiheuttamaan sähköiskuvaaran Norsk Viktig informasjon om sikkerhet Ta vare på denne veiledningen for senere bruk Følg alle anvisningene og advarslene som er angitt på apparatet Apparatet skal alltid anvendes med korrekt spenning Produktbeskrivelsen inneholder spesifikasjoner for strømkrav Vær oppmerksom på at det ved ulike driftsspenninger kan være nødvendig å bruke en annen ledning...

Page 5: ...es Gardez ces instructions pour réference future Observez toutes les instructions et tous les avertissements marqués sur l appareil Branchez uniquements sur un réseau de tension indiquée Consultez le manuel d instruction du fabriquant pour les spécifications de courant N oubliez pas que différentes tensions peuvent nécessiter l utilisation de cables et ou de fiches de connexion différents N instal...

Page 6: ... of Operation 2 1 Navigating a Matrix 2 2 Info 2 3 Control Mode 2 4 Program and Register Banks 2 17 Tempo Mode 2 19 Editing an Effect 2 22 The Soft Knob 2 22 The Soft Row 2 23 Compare 2 24 Bypass 2 24 Store operations 2 25 Turning Memory Protection Off Storing an Effect Renaming the Effect Renaming the ADJUST Knob Patch Selecting a Bank and Register Location The Full Edit Matrix 2 27 Creating a So...

Page 7: ...s 3 22 Glide FX 3 22 Levels 3 23 Modulation 3 24 Panning 3 28 Patching 3 29 Pitch 3 30 Resonance 3 34 Reverb Design 3 34 Reverb Time 3 36 4 The Presets Program Bank 0 4 2 Multi Effects 0 0 1 9 4 2 Modulation Effects 2 0 3 5 4 3 Special Effects 3 6 4 9 4 5 Program Bank 1 4 6 Rhythmic Echo and Delay Effects 0 0 3 6 4 6 Ambience Effects 3 7 4 9 4 10 Program Bank 2 4 11 EQ Effects 0 0 1 0 4 11 Spatial...

Page 8: ...Foot Sw 1 and Foot Sw 2 as MIDI controllers 5 4 Controlling the Soft Knob with MIDI Controlling the Soft Knob with a Foot Pedal Program Change Messages 5 5 Automation 5 7 Bulk Data Dumps 5 8 MIDI Implementation Chart 5 9 6 Troubleshooting Low Voltage 6 2 Overheating 6 2 Common MIDI Problems 6 2 Operational Problems 6 3 Power On Behavior 6 3 Reinitialization 6 3 Restoring Factory Default Settings 6...

Page 9: ...s with recirculating echoes and finally into a reverb The PCM 80 uses 10 stereo algorithms to create different types of effects Each algorithm includes an uncompromised stereo reverb effect as well as several voices of additional stereo effects There are two general classes of algorithm 4 Voice and 6 Voice The 4 Voice algorithms Concert Hall Plate Chamber Inverse and Infinite each combine a specif...

Page 10: ...videsunprecedentedcontrol over your effects with a versatile set of internal modulators LFO AR Envelope Envelope Follower Latch and Time Switches These allow you to create modulation sweeps which move in time with music or wildly animated effects You can create as many as 10 patches per effect each with as many as 8 pivot points You can patch multiple parameters to a single controller or patch mul...

Page 11: ...1 1 Product Overview 1 Product Overview Block Diagram ...

Page 12: ...e active row POWER On Off Memory Card Slot for optionalpreset ROM or register RAM cards Press Eject button to removecard Register Banks Enables selection of usermemory IfaRAM card is loaded into the Memory Card slot each press of this but ton selects a new reg ister bank Press and hold to display the name of the current bank Store Initiates register store function Edit Enables parameter selection ...

Page 13: ...at digital connectors conform to CP 340 Type II and IEC 958 consumer standards Input Level 2 position In Out switch for matching in put gain to the source beingused Inposition adds 20dB of input gain unbalanced to the input stages Out position provides 0dB of gain balanced Balanced Inputs Combined 3 pole XLR and 1 4 jacks elec tronically balanced Input impedance is 50kΩ unbalanced and 100kΩ balanc...

Page 14: ... coaxial cable suited for digital audio or video signals is required Audio grade cable is not suitable Footswitch Foot Controller One 1 4 inch T R S phone jack is provided for 2 momentary footswitches Another 1 4 inch T R S phone jack is provided for a footpedal minimum 100Ω to maximum 10k impedance Normally open or normally closed momentary switches are suitable At power on the PCM 80 assumes the...

Page 15: ...oper setting of signal level into the digital signal processor to optimize noise Headroom Display The headroom display provides both headroom and overload information from a variety of measurement points The meters display the sum of both the analog and the digital input data Examining either the analog or the digital level alone requires that the Level parameter of the subject data stream be set ...

Page 16: ...ay to reach the top of the column without lighting the overload indicators An occasional large signal peak causing momentary flashing of the overload indicator is acceptable in most instances but should be validated by listening to the actual result 6 If you are running digital audio turn SELECT back to 0 2 Dig In Lvl and turn ADJUST to the desired level You may want to back off the Analog In Lvl ...

Page 17: ...ips panned full left and right ratherthanto the effects returns Thisallows thegreatestflexibilityin routingand equalization In this configuration the console controls are used to set the amount of effect heard thePCM80 sMIX control shouldbesetfor100 wet Toassignaglobal MIX setting 1 Press Control 2 Press Up or Down until 1 x is displayed in the lower left of the display and System is displayed on ...

Page 18: ...mory cards can be used to store PCM 80 registers or setups Memory Cards The addition of SIMMs memory modules allows several PCM 80 algorithms Glide Hall M Band Rvb and the Resonant Chords algorithms to address up to 4 Meg of delay memory providing as much as 42 seconds of stereo delay PCM 80 memory can be expanded with SIMM memory modules of the following type 30 pin SIMM Memory Module Usable dens...

Page 19: ...gram Banks repeatedly to access four banks of factory preset programs Each bank contains 50 programs Press Register Banks to access a bank of 50 memory locations called registers where you can store your customized effects Memory cards can be used for storage of additional banks of registers When a formatted memory card containing stored registers is inserted pressing Register Banks repeatedly wil...

Page 20: ...play An asterisk in the display indicates that Load is active and depending on the mode will load effects or display additional parameters when pressed Go or Pro The PCM 80 offers a choice between two levels of Edit mode parameter access We call these Go mode and Pro mode Go mode makes use of an extra row in the edit mode matrix called the Soft Row where you can assign as many as 10 effect paramet...

Page 21: ...action is taken on release Displays the current function assigned to the Up button and the ADJUST knob Displays the current function assigned to the Down button and the SELECT knob Displays the currently loaded effect name bank and matrix location Displays the type of system bypass currently selected and the current status on or off Info messages are displayed when a button is pressed and held dow...

Page 22: ...n either Internal rate is selected the digital input is disabled To process audio from the digital input you must select Ext When External clock is selected and the PCM 80 detects valid digital audio the rate of the External word clock will be displayed with a label indicating the digital audio format type Prf Professional or Cns Consumer also called S PDIF Simultaneously press Up and Down to retu...

Page 23: ...f the PCM 80 digital input This display is active even when the PCM 80 is set to Internal clock Note that in the case of an AES Pro format signal Emphasis means either CCITT or 50 15µs emphasis If valid digital audio is detected the display will show the external clock rate and format information along with the status of the Emphasis bit s in the incoming audio signal If the PCM 80 has lost lock t...

Page 24: ...ror Log 0 0 CRC 9999 A typical Error Log display showing that the last error received was a CRC error CRC and that there have been more than 9999 in stances of CRC errors since Word Clock was last set to Ext To clear the Error Log reselect Ext from the Control Mode Word Clock display This will cause the PCM 80 to attempt to lock to the current external source and will reset the Error Log The log i...

Page 25: ...2 30 Muted If you select the Dig In Lvl parameter while there is a lock range or non audio error the display will continue to show the level you have selected and parenthetically show that the signal has been muted Note if Word Clock is set to Int Dig In Lvl is disabled You must select Ext to process digital audio 0 3 Auto Lock When Word Clock is set to Ext and the PCM 80 loses lock with an incomi...

Page 26: ...0 0 0 loaded Press Edit to display the first available parameter in the Soft Row If you want access to the full parameter matrix for any effect including the Soft Row parameters use ADJUST to select Pro mode Now when Edit is pressed youcan selectanyparameterforadjustment and customizeany effectwith your own Soft Row assignments For more information about the Soft Row see Editing an Effect later in...

Page 27: ...tion about working with the tempo parameters see Tempo Mode later in this chapter 1 3 Bypass Mode Bypass Src This control alows you to determine the behavior of the PCM 80 when the front panel Bypass button is pressed You can also assign an external controller to performidenticallytothefrontpanel button Whenthe Bypassbuttonispressed the LED will light and a message indicating bypass type will be d...

Page 28: ...eter this control determines when the controller will take control of the parameter If Immediate is selected stored parameter values will jump to the current controller position when the effect is loaded If Delayed is selected the stored parameter value will remain in effect until the controller is moved See Patching later in this chapter 1 8 Initialize Selecting this control arms the PCM 80 to re...

Page 29: ... inserted PCMCIA cards Internal banks are labeled P0 P3 and R1 Card registers will be labeled C0 C1 C2 etc 2 Press Load to move the asterisk to Dst Card Bank Copy 2 0 Src P0 Dst R Now use ADJUST to select the destination of your copy Selecting a register bank here will cause its contents to be erased and overwritten with the bank you have selected as the source when Store is pressed 4 Press Store ...

Page 30: ...her character Press Store to execute The display will ask Are you sure Press STORE Press Store again to complete the operation Press any front panel button to cancel Format and name memory card Card Name New Card press STORE The display will then change as shown below Row 3 MIDI 3 0 Reset This control resets all patched parameters to their previously stored values When this control is activated a ...

Page 31: ...eg 47 Off All Program Change and Bank select messages are ignored Map Program Change 0 127 can be mapped to any PCM 80 effect in any internal or card bank Two 128 element maps are stored internally additional maps may be stored on RAM cards Once you have selected Map press Load to display Turn ADJUST to select the desired Program Chain When set to MIDI Program Chains will be loaded by MIDI Program...

Page 32: ...s Use ADJUST to select the MIDI Controller message to transmit 3 6 Int Clock You can choose to have the PCM 80 transmit MIDI Clock at the current tempo rate by setting this control to On and Tempo mode Source 0 2 to Internal If this control is set to Off MIDI Clock will not be transmitted 3 7 SysEx This control is provided for communication with one or more additional PCM 80s or computer editor so...

Page 33: ...nt Clock Off 3 7 SysEx On Device ID 0 3 9 Dump Speed Slow Tempo Mode Matrix Location System Parameter Default Setting Tempo 0 2 Source Internal Tap 1 3 Display On 4 1 Load This control allows you to load your stored setup restore the factory default setup shown above or load a setup from a Memory Card Row 4 Setup 4 0 Store Control mode Audio System and MIDI parameter settings along with two settin...

Page 34: ...ochange assignments set Pgm with ADJUST press Load to move the to Chain and set it with ADJUST You cannot assign more than one chain MIDI Chain Pgm Assign Pgm 3 Chain 3 Chain 0 9 Use SELECT to choose a chain Once a chain is selected any PCM 80 program or register can be assigned to any link in the chain Press Load to move the from Link to the Bank ID to the program number Depending on the field ma...

Page 35: ...PCM 80 will load whatever effect was running when it was last turned off When shipped from the factory the first effect in the first Program Bank P0 0 0 Prime Blue is loaded The Bank ID P0 P1 P2 P3 matrix location program name and the algorithm from which the effect is derived are all displayed P0 0 0 Prime Blue Chorus Rvb Matrix Location Program Name Indicates that the ADJUST knob is patched to o...

Page 36: ...trol Mode Displayed effect names will be preceded by an indicating that they can be loaded by pressing Load The Load LED will light to indicate that the load function is available To find out at any time what the currently running effect is press and hold Program Banks or Register Banks An Info message will be displayed providing the name bank and matrix location of the currently running effect To...

Page 37: ...te can be easily changed in a variety of useful ways Tempo Rate can be setinternallyor viaMIDI If Tempo Sourceisset to Internal you can dial in any tempo from 40 400 BPM at location 0 0 in the Tempo mode matrix Alternatively you can press the front panel Tap button twice in rhythm to establish the rate you want or you can have the value of a patch source act as a tap trigger See Patching TheTap fu...

Page 38: ... the new rate Note that fractional tempos can be tapped in but are not available via ADJUST The display will always show the nearest whole number value 0 1 BeatValue Tempo is expressed in BPM This control allows you to specify the value of the beat Eighth dotted eighth quarter dotted quarter half dotted half andwhole note values are available If for example the rate is 120 BPM and you select eight...

Page 39: ... Tap Source allows you to assign the Tap function to any of the PCM 80 s Internal MIDI or MIDI controllers as listed under Patching Tap Level allows you to set the level at which the Tap function is triggered 1 2 Average This control allows you to average the last 2 8 taps Higher numbers mean that the response to incoming taps will be more gradual The tempo is updated on every tap but with a value...

Page 40: ...me assigned to the ADJUST patch and the current value of the patch Continue turning ADJUST to change the value of the patch along its entire range The range of ADJUST knob control can be limited in Control Mode making it possible for example to have a range of only 0 1 in order to have the ADJUST knob behave as an Off On control Many of the presets have range limits to make them more convenient to...

Page 41: ...Go mode with the first preset P0 0 0PrimeBlue loaded PressEdit todisplaythe SoftRow ofparameterswhich havebeendesignedfor thispreset Inthisexample 10softrow parametershave been assigned The name of each Soft Row parameter is displayed along with a reference to its row in the Edit matrix Turn SELECT to scroll all of the available parameters in the Soft Row Turn ADJUST to change the value of any dis...

Page 42: ...r values with patched sources other than ADJUST will not light the LED Bypass If you press Compare while the light is on a message will be displayed stored effect active Compare is on and you will hear the original stored version of the effect You can display the parameter values of the stored effect with SELECT and Up and Down As soon as you alter an effect the Compare light will go on The Compar...

Page 43: ...search for available registers starting at 0 0 in the Internal Register Bank Storing an Effect R 0 0 available Name Prime Blue An asterisk is positioned in front of the display label which is available for changing in this case the name of the effect available means that this location is empty If an effect is stored at this location its name will appear here The default Bank and register location ...

Page 44: ...oll through the available register banks Press Load again to move the asterisk to the register matrix location R 0 0 available ADJUST Efx Rvb X When the asterisk is positioned in front of the register matrix location ADJUST or SELECT will scroll through the available registers Once you have made all the changes you want to an effect and have selected a register location press Store If you press St...

Page 45: ... the Levels row in any matrix will contain all of the available level controls for the effect s delay voices As far as possible rows with similar controls will always appear in the same position in the matrix and within each row parameters will generally appear in the same position For example the first row 0 in every algorithm is Controls The Mix parameter which is available in all effects is alw...

Page 46: ...ned to this Soft Row In this preset and in every preset we have designed the Soft Row by assigning the parameters in numerical order so that parameters from the Controls row are assigned in order to the first locations followed by assignments from the Rvb Time row and so on As Soft Row parameters are also labeled with the name of the row from which theyweretaken thismakesitrelativelyeasy to findth...

Page 47: ...e any effect parameter including one s you have already assigned to a Soft Row position 5 When you have arranged the Soft Row assignments as you want them press Edit to exit Soft Row Assign and return to your last position in the Edit matrix Pressing Up or Down once will also cause you to exit Soft Row Assign Another push of either of these buttons will move you vertically through the Edit matrix ...

Page 48: ... or footswitch Some Sources generate output based on aspects of physical performance such as how loud how fast or how hard you play The PCM 80 allows you to choose from a selection of Sources as shown for each Destination A list of the available Sources is shown on the following page Each PCM 80 effect has an identical Patch row at the end of its Edit matrix where you can make as many as 10 patche...

Page 49: ... 007 Volume 008 Balance 009 Ctl 9 010 Pan 011 Xpression 012 Effect 1 013 Effect 2 014 Ctl 14 015 Ctl 15 016 General 1 017 General 2 018 General 3 019 General 4 020 Ctl 20 031 Ctl 31 PCM 80 interprets 032 as Bank Select 033 Ctl 33 063 Ctl 63 064 Sustain 065 Porta On 066 Sostenuto 067 SoftPedal 068 Legato 069 Hold 2 070 Sound Var 071 Timbre 072 Release 073 Attack 074 Bright 075 Sound 6 076 Sound 7 0...

Page 50: ... to be ineffectuntil thecontrollerismoved Itis therefore agoodideato setasensible value to the parameter in the Edit matrix Assigning a Destination Once you have selected a Source press Load and the display will change to allow you to assign a Destination Dst Rvb Time Ref Lvl L Patch 0 Dst SELECT will move you across the Patch row 0 9 The name of the current Destination assign ment is shown here U...

Page 51: ...xciting new level of dynamic control When creating patches there are situations in which you will want to leave the Patch row to adjust parameters To make this convenient a Jump command is available Jumping is dependent on the current Patch display and is activated simply by pressing Edit while a certain display is active This will jump you out of the Patch row and to the location where you can ma...

Page 52: ...The following examples illustrate how to create a patch use the patch jump features modify the default patch values and add an additional pivot point to the example patch values Load program P0 0 1 EkoChorus Press Edit to enter Edit mode then press Up to move to the Patch Row Press Load until the display looks like this Creating a patch with default values Int ADJUST Patch 0 Src Turn SELECT to sel...

Page 53: ...ll show the default Destination value setting 360 MONO This is the value assigned to FX Width when the LFO is at its minimum value 000 Patch 1 Values 000 360 MONO Turn ADJUST one click counterclockwise to display the default Destination value 360MONO assigned toFX Widthwhenthe LFOisatitsmaximumvalue 127 Patch 1 Values 127 360 MONO That sall there isto setting up adefault patch select aSourceandDes...

Page 54: ...er of the display is a patch source indicator This indicator appears whenever a modulator such as the LFO in this example has been assigned as a patch Source in the effect being edited Turn ADJUST to change the LFO rate to 0 10Hz Press Edit to jump directly to the LFO parameters in the Mod row The asterisk indicates that LFO Rate will be altered when you turn ADJUST Press Load to change the select...

Page 55: ...sterisk indicates that the Sourcevalue will be altered when you turn ADJUST With the Destination value selected turn ADJUST clockwise to set the value to 0 Patch 1 Values 000 0 MONO Next we ll want to adjust the Destination value when the LFO is at its maximum value One way to do this is to press Load three times to cycle the to the display of the Source value and continue on from there but we ve ...

Page 56: ...ress Edit to jump directly to the FX Width parameter in the Controls Row Controls FX Width 0 5 0 90 MONO Patch Destination Indicator The FX Width value will be changing from 0 to 90 and back again The display will change to show position 0 5 in the Controls Row Note that the valueischangingcontinuouslyfrom0to90andback again Noticealsothesmall square in the upper right corner of the display This pa...

Page 57: ...d twice to display the patch Destination then pressing Edit to jump back to the Destination parameter to watch its value change If the is not at the left of the Source value press Load three times to move it there You can take a short cut instead simultaneously press Down and Load to back step Patch 1 Values 127 90 L R R L Patch 1 Values 000 0 MONO OR Turn ADJUST to display 64 This will be the Sou...

Page 58: ...ue for the parameter Pedal and ADJUST for example could each have a maximum value of 50 or they could be assigned values of 25 and 75 60 and 40 etc When the sum of multiple patched parameter Destination values is greater than the maximum value of the parameter the parameter value will remain at maximum until the sum of the patches falls below it AR ENV Latch Sw 1 and Sw 2 are each activated by ass...

Page 59: ...lphabetically by matrix row name Within each matrix row parameters are organized as far as possible in the sequence in which they appear in the row All PCM 80 algorithms share the same general structure shown below The shaded area of the diagram is detailed in the individual effect descriptions that follow About the Algorithms The PCM 80 uses ten algorithms to create different types of effects Eac...

Page 60: ...idually adjustable level delay feedback and pan controls as well as master controls for all of the voices These algorithms can be used to create a wide variety of stereo delay and modulation effects in parallel with studio quality stereo reverberation The two delays after the reverb effect are referred to as post delays The PstDly Mix control determines how much post delay is actually heard The Rv...

Page 61: ...mulates a real concert hall The reverberation is very clean and designed to remain behind the direct sound adding ambience but leaving the source unchanged This effect has a relatively low initial echo density which builds up gradually over time Concert Hall ...

Page 62: ...n 3 4 PCM 80 User Guide The Plate algorithm mimics the sound of metal plates with high initial diffusion and a relatively bright sound This makes them a good choice for enhancing any type of percussion Plate ...

Page 63: ...he sound decays The initial diffusion is similar to the Concert Hall algorithm but the sense of space and size is much less obvious This characteristic along with the low color in the decay tail makes Chamber useful on a wide range of material It is especially useful on spoken voice giving a noticeable increase in loudness with very low color Chamber ...

Page 64: ...time interval When the time interval is up the reverberation cuts off abruptly The resulting effect is similar to a gate but is not at all dependent on the level or complexity of the input signal Slopes are adjustable over a negative even or positive slope Positive slopes create inverse effects while more even slopes create gated effects Negative slope values have rather natural reverb tails ...

Page 65: ...niteparameter Whenthisparameteristurnedon theinputtothereverberator ramps off Note that this still allows the Reverb Shell to be utilized With Infinite on the reverb tail remains constant creating strange and useful reverb effects WhenInfinite isswitchedoff inputtothereverberatorisrestored andthecurrent running reverb time is utilized ...

Page 66: ...ch reverb is coupled with a unique 6 voice stereo effect gliding delays 6 voice chorus multi band EQ and two 6 voice resonators Voices 1 3 are connected to input audio panned to the left Voices 4 6 are connected to input audio panned to the right Use the InPan L and InPan R controls at Control mode 0 2 to pan input audio Each voice has independent delay time panning andlevel controls in addition t...

Page 67: ...ack and pan parameters The output of these delay voices is fed into a Concert Hall reverb algorithm Glide Hall is useful for creating such effects as stereo flangers loop samplers pitch modulation etc which can then be fed into the reverb This algorithm can address up to 4 Meg of delay memory with optional SIMMs added to the PCM 80 providing 42 seconds of stereo delay Glide Hall ...

Page 68: ...delay boxes Each voice has its own independently adjustable chorus depth and rate level control delay time feedback and panning control The 6 voice chorus is in parallel with a plate algorithm providing two independent stereo effects Note that the Diffusion parameter Rvb Design 2 1 is shared by both the reverb and the chorus effect Chorus Rvb ...

Page 69: ...3 11 The Algorithms and Their Parameters Chorus Rvb cont d ...

Page 70: ...hat the Diffusion parameter Rvb Design 2 1 is shared by boththemulti bandandreverbeffects Note alsothat inthisparticularalgorithm thediffuser iswithinthe feedback pathsof the multi bandvoices Thisallowsyou to create filtered echoes that grow more diffuse with each repeat or to create effects with filtered echoes passing through the reverberator This algorithm can address up to 4 Meg of delay memor...

Page 71: ...3 13 The Algorithms and Their Parameters M Band Rvb cont d ...

Page 72: ... differ in the way pitches are assigned to the resonators In Res1 Plate pitches are assigned to the six voices chromatically in a round robin If for example MIDI note numbers are used to assign pitch the resonators will constantly be re tuned to the pitches of the last six MIDI notes received This can produce an effect similar to playing a piano with the sustain pedal depressed In Res2 Plate pitch...

Page 73: ...3 15 The Algorithms and Their Parameters Res2 Plate The Resonant Chord Algorithms Res1 Plate and Res2 Plate cont d Res1 Plate ...

Page 74: ...orus Rvb algorithm Row 5 provides parameters which provide rate and depth controls for each of the six chorus voices as well as master rate and depth controls MstDepth and MstRate TwoMasterChorusparametersin thefirstrow positionallow Chorus Depthand Rate for all voices to be simultaneously scaled Each control has a range of 0 200 Press Load to toggle between MstDepth and MstRate Voices Depth and R...

Page 75: ...essed dry signal into the effects The range of these parameters is from Full 0dB Phase Normal to 85dB Phase Normal Off 85dB Phase Inverted to Full 0dB Phase Inverted InPan L and InPan R control the location of the left and right input audio as a stereo imageto theeffect saudioinput Unmodified stereoimagingto the effects can be achieved by setting InPan L hard left 50L and InPan R hard right 50R Ch...

Page 76: ...Stereo 180 MONO INV Phase Inverted Mono 225 R L INV Phase Inverted R L Stereo 270 L R R L L R R L surround 315 STEREO Phase Normal L R Stereo 360 MONO Phase Normal Mono The large and duplicated range of this parameter allows smooth glides from any Left Right Mix Phase Mono Stereo image point to any other These are on the output of the FX Mix Of particular interest are 0 MONO 45 STEREO and 90 L R R...

Page 77: ...ide delays to take a minute or more allowing subtle changes in delay times and echoes with no noticeable pitch shifting A glide response of 100 is ultrafast causing high speed pitch shift and even chirping effects with large delay time changes GldRange Inall ofthe 4 Voice algorithms andin theChorus Rvbalgorithm thisparameter controls the range over which changes to the voice delay time will be per...

Page 78: ...these are set as fractions of a beat The smallest fraction is 1 24th beat Changing these values live can produceavarietyofpitchshift andflangeeffects Delaytimescanalsobetempo modulated Delay Time cont d You can set and display delay val ues in units of time or with tempo values PressUp and Temposimul taneously to toggle between these two options When time units are selected delay times are set and...

Page 79: ...input The range of these parameters is from 100 down to 1 Phase Normal feedback 0 Off 1 up to 100 Phase Inverted feedback In the Glide Hall algorithm the Feedback row provides both Feedback and Cross Feedback parameters as described below Press Load at each row position to toggle between Feedback and Cross Feedback parameters Mstr Fbk Mstr X Fbk These parameters allow the feedback and cross feedba...

Page 80: ...Hz In the Glide Hall algorithm Row 3 contains level delay and feedback param eters for a pair of stereo gliding delays that precede the 6 voice delay Gld Lvl Gld Lvl controls the stereo output level from all gliding delays A B Left and Right It has a range of Full 0dB down to 85dB and Off A Left A Lvl L and A Dly L These parameters control the output level and delay time of the left channel A Glid...

Page 81: ...as any components that are close in pitch to the resonator tunings In general this control should be set to 0dB or less The Mstr Fbk control allows the feedback levels for all voices to be scaled over a range of 0 100 Voices Individual controls are provided for each Voice Level Voices can be turned completely off full on or set to any point between in 1dB increments There are as many voice level c...

Page 82: ...les the output of the LFO from 0 to 100 Rate sets the speed 0 25Hz at which the LFO cycles It can be set in time values such as 1 5Hz or in tempo values such as 3 2 cycles per beat Simultaneously pressing Up and Tempo will toggle these two display options Note The PCM 80 allows six LFO shapes sine cosine sawtooth triangle square and pulse to be selected as patch Sources as well as the LFO itself A...

Page 83: ...Shot Once T Lvl is reached the envelope will go through its entire attack cycle Once the attack cycle is completed if Source value is below T Lvl the envelope will immediately fall at the specified Release rate The envelope will go through its entire release cycle even if the source subse quently rises above T Lvl If the Source value is at or above T Lvl the envelope will remain at 127 until the T...

Page 84: ...reshold values The latch works as follows Modulation cont d There is no output from the latch until the Srcvalue falls within the range defined by the settings of High and Low While the source value is between these thresholds the output of the latch is the same value as the source When the source value reaches or passes either threshold the output of the latch holds at the limit value until the s...

Page 85: ...from on to off is instantaneous i e the switch output resembles a pulse wave When Ramp is selected the transition from on to off is continu ous i e the switchoutputresemblesatriangle orsawtooth wave Off turns the switch off and frees up processor time To optimize PCM 80 real time response set switch to Off when it is not being used T Lvl sets the threshold value at which the switch will begin to c...

Page 86: ...voices as well as a master panning parameter for all voices Master The Pan Master provides simultaneous control over the panning of all voices in the effect The range of the Pan Master is 50L full left through L1 C Center 1R through 50R full right for a total of 101 positions The Master Pan is additive to the individual voice panners such that if a voice is set to L10 and the Master is set to 20R ...

Page 87: ...level of dynamic control See Chapter 2 for a complete description of the Patching System Patching Internal LFO Sine Cosine Square Sawtooth Pulse Triangle Env L Env R AR Env Latch Sw 1 Sw 2 Sw 1 2 Mono Lvl Left Lvl Right Lvl Footpedal Foot Sw 1 Foot Sw 2 ADJUST Tempo On Off MIDI P Bend A Touch Velocity Last Note Low Note High Note Clk Comnds MIDI Controller Numbers 070 Sound Var 071 Timbre 072 Rele...

Page 88: ...onators An example might be driving this parameter with a slow LFO to achieve an effect something like strumming the strings of an open piano Tuning This parameter allows you to tune the A440 reference of the box anywhere from 430 0 450 0Hz in 0 1Hz increments Active This parameter allows you to define the number of active voice resonators You canchoosefrom0 noresonatorsactive to6 Settingthevaluet...

Page 89: ...sonator to ring out Setting the value to 2 will permit Voices 1 and 2 to ring out A value of 6 uses all the voice resonators A handy feature of this parameter is the ability to mute resonators For example you can patch this parameter to a footswitch or pedal allowing you to drive the parameter value down to 0 at any time causing the resonators to stop playing their last assigned pitches You can th...

Page 90: ...e the interval pitch then shift the interval pitch down a half step Shift Up Take the input pitch assign round it down a half step to an in key pitch calculate the interval pitch then shift the interval pitch up a half step Both of these generate out of key harmonization Unison and Octave interval pitches strictly follow the input pitch assign An example of how to use these follows the explanation...

Page 91: ...at F4 and Voice 3 at A4 Standard chord in the key based on the supertonic 3 Pitch Assign E4 Voice 1 will resonate at E4 Voice 2 at G4 and Voice 3 at B4 Standard chord in the key based on the median 4 Pitch Assign B4 Voice 1 will resonate at B4 Voice 2 at D5 and Voice 3 at F5 Standard chord in the key based on the leading tone Out of key pitch assignment Pitch Assign C Db4 Rule Round Down Voice 1 w...

Page 92: ...effect Size Size sets the rate of build up of diffusion after the initial period which is controlled by Diffusion The Size control changes a reverb sound from very large toverysmall Generally you should setthiscontrol to approximatethesize of the acoustic space you are trying to create before adjusting anything else The size in meters is roughly equal to the longest dimension of the space Audio is...

Page 93: ...istener s perspective from the front to the rear of the hall Spin Spin affects the movement of the reverberation tail The object of Spin is to continuously alter the timbre of the reverberant sound This makes the result more natural without making the position of instruments unstable Spin should typicallybesettovaluesbetween10and50 Higher valuesmaymake thetimbre of piano or guitar unstable Chorus ...

Page 94: ...om its initial level to a quieter one before cutoff The lower the slope the more pronounced the dropoff Mid Slope is similar to Low Slope but applies to middle and high frequencies The actual frequencies affected are determined by Crossover Crossover Crossover sets the frequency at which the transition from Mid Rt to Low Rt takes place This control should be set at least two octaves higher than th...

Page 95: ...rithms this parameter controls the mix of the reverb audio with the post delayed reverb audio 0 100 Pst Dly L R In the 4 Voice Algorithms these parameters control the time of the post delay The available range of 0 682ms can produce a variety of pitch shift flange or stutter effects on the reverb audio Expanding PCM 80 memory will extend this range to 1365ms GldResp In the 4 Voice Algorithms this ...

Page 96: ...Lexicon 3 38 PCM 80 User Guide ...

Page 97: ... symbol in the upper left corner of the display indicates that the currently running effect has an ADJUST knob patch When you turn ADJUST the display will show the name assigned to ADJUST as well as the patch value Continue turning ADJUST to alter the patch value along its available range The program banks are organized as follows Matrix Bank Location Preset Type P0 0 0 1 9 Multi Effects 2 0 3 5 M...

Page 98: ...ays ADJUST controls the combination of delays and chorus with reverb 0 5 Chorus Plate ADJUST KorusMix 0 100 Combination of smooth rolling delays in the reverb shell combined with a more aggres sively modulated reverb tail ADJUST changes the non modulated to modulated reverb tail Twisted for guitar 0 6 Chorus Room ADJUST Decay 0 80 Slow chorus applied to one side of the reverb The speed of the modu...

Page 99: ...UST Ekos Beat 1 24 Plate reverb combined with independent stereo delays The delay voices are diffused and modulated The echoes are rhythmic set the tempo with Tap or MIDI clocks Use ADJUST to set the number of echoes per beat 1 8 StereoEqEkos ADJUST Ekos Beat 1 24 Six rhythmic echo voices are EQ d and panned across stereo space ADJUST sets the number of repeats per beat 1 9 ADJUpMyEchos ADJUST Ech...

Page 100: ...A dual rotor speaker cabinet with a very wide stereo spin and a touch of ambience Use ADJUST to controlthe width anddirection of thespinning rotors 0 very wide left to right 64 mono 127 very wide right to left Foot Switch 2 is patched to the Latch to toggle between slow and fast speeds The AR envelope is used to simulate the inertial drag as the rotors speed up or slow down 3 1 RotorCabinet ADJUST...

Page 101: ...soft row to add more echo presence 4 3 Split Pitch ADJUST SplitWide 0 127 Modulated varispeed in stereo One side goes low as the other side goes high ADJUST controls the rate and depth of the varispeed Good for special FX processing of various sources including synths and dialog 4 4 TryTalk n ADJUST GldResp 0 100 A variation of Split Pitch In this version highly colored reverb and additional delay...

Page 102: ...arameters 0 1 StereoTapDly ADJUST Mstr Fbk 0 100 A variation of n Ekos Beat this effect has left and right delay voices ADJUST controls master feedback for both voices The Soft Row includes controls for rhythm feedback and panning for each voice 0 2 OffBeat Eko ADJUST DarkKnob 0 127 This variation of n Ekos Beat produces a syncopated echo rhythm pattern ADJUST controls high cut filters in the echo...

Page 103: ...ionofoneeighth note ADJUST determines the portion of the four beats in which the gate is open 0 open for all four beats 127 open for only the first 16th note of four beats The Soft Row includes the LFO parameters so you can adjust the overall timing of the gate 1 2 TapEkoGate 2 ADJUST GateWidth 0 127 This is a variation of TapEkoGate 1 with different echo rhythms ADJUST determines the portion of t...

Page 104: ...s get darker as they repeat The Soft Row includes parameters for adding and reverb as well additional controls for the delays and filters 2 2 NonLinear 1 ADJUST EchoSlope 0 127 This effect produces echoes with non linear decay ADJUST controls the decay slope 0 loud to soft normal echoes 64 six repeats of equal loudness 127 soft to loud reversedechoes In thispreset theslope isset toproduce asimple ...

Page 105: ... signal is split into two frequency bands by this effect The two bands are then sent through two different rhythmic delays whose outputs are panned in opposite directions This effect deconstructs the tone of input material except when the panning and delay rhythms align in the center of the stereo field Try it with a drum mix or other broad band material Use ADJUST to set the feedback for both del...

Page 106: ...iggers this left to right drive by When signal is detected it will move from left to right Doppler pitch shift is simulated as the image moves across the stereo field Use ADJUST to set the speed of the drive by Once audio has been detected the effect will cycle once To drive by again stop and restart the audio track To reverse the direction of the effect set the Width parameter to 45 you ll find i...

Page 107: ...of a stereo high pass filter and a stereo reverb with the two effects in parallel Use ADJUST to set the cutoff frequency of the filter The reverb mix is turned all the way down you can add reverb by changing the FX Mix parameter in the Soft Row where you ll also find additional parameters for delay voices and image 0 4 StereoB Pass ADJUST Center 0 127 A combination of a stereo band pass filter and...

Page 108: ...uce the composite effect This effect is compatible with stereo and Surround mixes 1 4 Circular Pan ADJUST Rate 0 100 Similar to Go Away this preset sums the inputs to mono and uses the LFO to control EQ reverb and stereo width to pan the sound through a circular orbit From right through center to left through rear to right As the sound approaches the center it grows brighter louder and dryer As it...

Page 109: ...are processed separately to maintain the image of stereo source material The tremolo rate is tempo controlled 2 cycles beat Press Tap to synchronize the effect with rhythmic material ADJUST sets the tremolo depth 0 no tremolo 127 maximum tremolo 2 6 X TremoloTap ADJUST Depth 0 127 This a variation of TremoloTap1 In this preset the left and right modulation are 90 out of phase producing a stereo ef...

Page 110: ...7 This preset senses input level to produce an automatic volume swell into a chorus delay reverb effect Sounds greatwith guitar andkeyboard chords The fadein rate ismoderate ADJUST controls the mix of chorus delay and reverb effects The Soft Row includes parameters for all three effects as well as the envelope parameters which set the characteristics of the fade in 3 5 AutoFadeIn 2 ADJUST Fade Rat...

Page 111: ... frequency content of the effect Be sure to check out the Soft Row which contains parameters for tuning voice assignment and more 4 4 ModalImpulse ADJUST Tone 0 50 The resonators in this preset are tuned to arpeggiate a modal 7th chord ADJUST changes the overall tone of the arpeggiated notes The rhythm of the arpeggio is tempo controlled Press Tap twice to synchronize it to the beat The effect wor...

Page 112: ...stics of this typically tightsounding room Great for ADR work 0 2 Living Room ADJUST Decay 0 60 Another ADR preset medium spaced but with a short Rt ADJUST quickly changes if not perfect for your application 0 3 Brick Kick ADJUST Liveness 0 100 Kicks ss on kick drums or the entire submix ADJUST increases the liveness of the chamber 0 4 Large Room ADJUST Decay 0 60 A perfectly smooth listening room...

Page 113: ...sound great through this preset 2 0 ConcertHall2 ADJUST Emty Full 0 15 Thisratherlargeconcert hallspacecontainsa coupleofreflections toreinforcethesource before the onset of reverberation ADJUST changes the absorption characteristics from an empty space to a fully occupied concert hall at performance time 2 1 Piano Hall ADJUST Decay 0 60 Piano Hall is a long and smooth rolling preset with just the...

Page 114: ...T sets the reverb time 3 1 JetChamber ADJUST Jet Knob 0 127 A big chamber reverb with stereo flanging on the outputs Use ADJUST to set the amount of whoosh The rate of the flange is controlled by the LFO You ll find it in the Soft Row along with the essential reverb parameters 3 2 EnvChamber ADJUST Jet Knob 0 127 Similar to JetChamber but here flanging is controlled by input level The flange effec...

Page 115: ... 0 and sit back The effect captures a stereo sample on the fly loops it and decreases the loop size as it repeats Reverb is added while the loop plays When the loop size gets to zero the effect resets and starts sampling the inputs again The loop size is tempo controlled Press Tap to synchronize it with rhythmic material 4 1 LevlStutter ADJUST Mstr Fbk 0 100 Delays are driven by input level high l...

Page 116: ...switch 2 is patched to turn infinite repeat on and off 4 8 FSw2 Speedup ADJUST How Long 0 100 Footswitch 2 is patched to turn on an infinite loop while it is held down When the foot switch is released the loop continues but grows shorter with every repeat until the loop size is 0 Use ADJUST to set the amount of time it takes for the loop to shrink to nothing A footswitch must be connected to make ...

Page 117: ... P3 2 2 MIDI Rotary P0 3 2 MIDIchords P2 4 6 MIDIsustain P2 4 9 Mod Max P0 2 7 ModalImpulse P2 4 4 Movable Echo P2 1 1 Movable Hall P2 1 2 MultiFx Fade P2 3 0 Nice Pan P2 2 8 NoCenter Eko P0 4 8 NonLinear 1 P1 2 2 NonLinear 2 P1 2 3 NonLinear 3 P1 2 4 OffBeat Eko P1 0 2 OffBeatEko2 P1 0 3 OneShotCarBy P1 4 3 Pan Eko BPM P1 1 8 Panned Dlys P1 3 0 Panner BPM P2 2 7 Pedal Swell P2 4 0 PhoneOrRoom P1 ...

Page 118: ...Lexicon 4 22 PCM 80 User Guide ...

Page 119: ... receipt of MIDI messages Selecting a MIDI Channel MIDI Out MIDI In Someextremelyuseful effectscanbe created bycontrollingPCM80parameters remotely in real time Almost all of the controllers found on a MIDI keyboard or MIDI foot controller pitch benders mod wheels sliders switches breath controllers foot pedals and footswitches can be used to adjust PCM 80 parameters We refer to this real time remo...

Page 120: ...Int Clock set to Transmit On Tempo 0 2 Source set to Internal Tempo 0 0 Rate set with ADJUST or Tap Controlling PCM 80 Tempo Rate with MIDI Clock Using the PCM 80 as a MIDI Clock Source MIDI Tempo Control MIDI Out MIDI Clock MIDI In PCM 80 Tempo 0 2 Source set to MIDI ...

Page 121: ... control off and the sequencer is set to echo input Two PCM 80s can be slaved together by connecting a cable from the MIDI OUT jack of the master to the MIDI IN jack of the slave Additional PCM 80s can be slavedtothe masterbyconnecting acablefromtheMIDITHRU port ofoneslave unitto theMIDIIN portof the nextunit All ofthePCM80s mustbeset tothesame MIDI channel Slaving two or more PCM 80s MIDI Out MID...

Page 122: ...sequencer A simple but quite powerful way to automate effects To send MIDI data from these controllers first set Control mode 3 2 Transmit to the desired MIDI Channel The default is Channel 1 Controller quirks When a PCM 80 controller is assigned to a MIDI Controller the PCM 80 will respond to incoming controller messages as though its own controller were moved In other words if FootSw1 is assigne...

Page 123: ...d Wheel Controlling the Soft Knob with MIDI MIDI ADJUST 3 5 Send Mod Wheel Now the Mod Wheel on the MIDI instrument will control the soft knob patch of the running effect If you have a foot pedal connected to the PCM rear panel Foot Controller jack you can use it to control the soft knob patch Note that no MIDI connections are required to do this Set both Control mode 3 5 ADJUST and Control mode 3...

Page 124: ...rent bank can be changed with MIDI Bank Select Messages as follows 0 3 Program Banks 0 3 4 Internal Register Bank 5 9 reserved 10 56 Memory Card Banks The number of banks available on a given card will vary with card size as follows Card Size Banks 64 2 256 11 512 23 1 Meg 47 Pgm Change Map Program Change 0 127 can be mapped to any PCM 80 Effect in any internal or card bank Two 128 element maps ar...

Page 125: ...e Device ID setting can be adjusted from Control mode 3 7 MIDI SysEx It is selected by pressing Load after setting SysEx to Receive On The default setting for the Device ID is 0 Controller Automation For applications where it is desirable to automate changes made to PCM 80 effects with its own controls ADJUST knob Foot Pedal Footswitch 1 or Footswitch2 werecommendassigningthecontrollerstoMIDIdesti...

Page 126: ...th the PCM 80 These can be obtained directly from Lexicon Request PCM 80 MIDI Implementation Details Bulk Data Dumps Control mode 3 8 MIDI Dump allows selection of the following types of bulk data to be dumped directly from the PCM 80 to another PCM 80 or to editor librarian software Displayed Name Description CurrentPgm Currently running effect Bank R Internal Register Bank Bank C0 CK Card Banks ...

Page 127: ...1 127 used as controller Note OFF After Keys X X Touch Channel X O Pitch Bend X O Control 1 119 OX OX ADJUST Footpedal Change Footswitch 1 and Footswitch 2 can be assigned controllers 1 119 for MIDI transmit Program X 0 127 See Implementation Change True Details System Lexicon OX OX product ID 6 Exclusive Real time X X non Real time X OX device ID System Song Pos X X Common Song Sel X X Tune X X S...

Page 128: ...Lexicon 5 10 PCM 80 User Guide ...

Page 129: ...damaged by exposure to temperatures below 22 F 30 C or above 167 F 75 C or by exposure to humidity in excess of 95 If a unit exposed to such conditions fails to operate after it returns to a normal operating temperature contact your local service representative The PCM 80 doesn t respond to MIDI Program Changes Check Receive control at Control mode 3 1 and make sure it is set to On Check the MIDI ...

Page 130: ...ot necessarily read and transmit encoded information accurately No Digital Audio Output Check the Analog Lvl and Digital Lvl controls at Control mode 0 1 and 0 2 No Effects Output Power On Behavior Check the setting of Mix Mode at Control mode 1 1 Also verify that any controllers patched to FX Lvl Input Level or Mix are not turned off The PCM 80 performs a series of self tests each time it is powe...

Page 131: ...lock Internal 48kHz 0 1 Analog Lvl 100 0 2 Digital Lvl 0 0 3 Auto Lock Off 0 4 SCMS Multi Copy 0 5 Emphasis Bit Pass Thru 0 6 Output Level 4dBu System 1 0 Edit Mode Go 1 1 Mix Mode Pgm Global Mix Value 100 Wet 1 2 Tempo Mode Pgm Global Tempo Value 120 BPM 1 3 Bypass Mode InputMute Bypass Src Off 1 4 Pgm Bypass AllMute 1 5 Mem Protect On 1 6 Auto Load Off 1 7 Patch Update Delayed MIDI 3 1 Receive O...

Page 132: ...storing all of the default settings 1 Press Control 2 Use the Up and Down buttons to locate Row 1 System 3 Turn SELECT to 1 8 Initialize 4 Press Store The PCM 80 will display the message Are you sure Press STORE If you don t want to reinitialize your unit press any button except Store to return to matrix position 1 8 If you press Store in response to this message the display will flash Restoring o...

Page 133: ...ing balanced unbalanced 4 dBm max full scale 10 dBu setting Protection Relays provided for output muting during power on off A D Performance Frequency Response 10 Hz to 20 kHz 0 5 dB Crosstalk 65 dB max 10 Hz to 20 kHz S N Ratio 100 dB min 20 kHz bandwidth THD 0 004 max 10 Hz to 20 kHz Dynamic Range 100 dB 20 kHz bandwidth Delay 24 samples 0 54 msec for 44 1 kHz 0 50 msec for 48 kHz D A Performanc...

Page 134: ... jack provided for 2 independent momentary footswitches System detects normal open or normal closed on power up Foot controller 1 4 inch T R S phone jack provided for footpedal 100Ω minimum 10kΩ maximum impedance General Dimensions 19 0 W x 1 75 H x 12 0 D 483 x 45 x 305 mm 19 inch rack mount standard 1U high Weight Net 6 4 lbs 2 9 kg Shipping 9 5 lbs 4 3 kg Power Requirements 100 240 VAC 50 60 Hz...

Page 135: ...Lexicon Part 070 11263 Rev 1 Lexicon Inc 3 Oak Park Bedford MA 01730 1441 Telephone 781 280 0300 Fax 781 280 0490 ...

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