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Keysight Technologies
E8357D/67D & E8663D PSG Signal Generators

User’s Guide

10 Two–Tone Waveform Generator

In the following sections, this chapter describes the two–tone mode, which is

available only in E8267D PSG vector signal generators with Option 601 or 602:

—

“Overview” on page 262

—

“Creating, Viewing, and Modifying Two–Tone Waveforms” on page 263

Summary of Contents for E8663D

Page 1: ...257D 67D E8663D PSG Signal Generators Notice This document contains references to Agilent Please note that Agilent s Test and Measurement business has become Keysight Technologies For more information...

Page 2: ...government customers under its standard commercial license which is embodied in its End User License Agreement EULA a copy of which can be found at http www keysight com find sweula The license set f...

Page 3: ...o receive the latest updates by email subscribe to Keysight Email Updates at the following URL http www keysight com find MyKeysight Information on preventing instrument damage can be found at www key...

Page 4: ...4...

Page 5: ...ve 10 Swept Signal 10 Analog Modulation 10 Digital Modulation 10 Front Panel 12 1 Display 13 2 Softkeys 13 3 Knob 13 4 Amplitude 13 5 Frequency 13 6 Save 13 7 Recall 14 8 Trigger 15 9 MENUS 15 10 Help...

Page 6: ...ST GATE IN 31 5 AUXILIARY I O 31 6 DIGITAL BUS 32 7 Q OUT 32 8 I OUT 33 9 WIDEBAND I INPUTS 33 10 I bar OUT 33 11 WIDEBAND Q INPUTS 34 12 COH CARRIER Serial Prefixes US4646 MY4646 34 13 1 GHz REF OUT...

Page 7: ...uring a Swept RF Output 54 Extending the Frequency Range 68 Modulating a Signal 69 Turning On a Modulation Format 69 Applying a Modulation Format to the RF Output 70 Using Data Storage Functions 71 Us...

Page 8: ...form Sequence Dual ARB Only 121 Viewing a Marker Pulse 123 Using the RF Blanking Marker Function 124 Setting Marker Polarity 125 Triggering Waveforms 126 Source 127 Mode and Response 127 Accessing Tri...

Page 9: ...175 To Set the Carrier Frequency 175 To Set the RF Output Amplitude 175 To Set the AM Depth and Rate 175 To Turn on Amplitude Modulation 175 Configuring FM Option UNT 176 To Set the RF Output Frequen...

Page 10: ...ime I Q Baseband Overview 214 Working with Predefined Setups Modes 214 Selecting a Predefined Real Time Modulation Setup 214 Deselecting a Predefined Real Time Modulation Setup 214 Working with Data P...

Page 11: ...wo Tone Waveforms 263 To Create a Two Tone Waveform 263 To View a Two Tone Waveform 264 To Minimize Carrier Feedthrough 265 To Change the Alignment of a Two Tone Waveform 266 11 AWGN Waveform Generato...

Page 12: ...issing from a Recalled Register 322 Data Storage Problems 323 Registers With Previously Stored Instrument States are Empty 323 Saved Instrument State but Register is Empty or Contains Wrong State 323...

Page 13: ...eration Optimizing Performance Analog Modulation Custom Arb Waveform Generator Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Multitone Waveform Generator Two Tone Waveform Generator AWGN Waveform Generator Peripheral...

Page 14: ...ic Function Commands Analog Commands Digital Modulation Commands Digital Signal Interface Module Commands SCPI Command Compatibility Service Guide Troubleshooting Replaceable Parts Assembly Replacemen...

Page 15: ...interface and front and rear panel connectors are also described Signal Generator Models and Features on page 2 Options on page 8 Firmware Upgrades on page 8 Modes of Operation on page 10 Front Panel...

Page 16: ...PSG analog signal generator 250 kHz to 20 GHz Option 520 10 MHz to 20 GHz Option 521 250 kHz to 31 8 GHz Option 532 250 kHz to 40 GHz Option 540 250 kHz to 50 GHz Option 550 250 kHz to 67 GHz Option...

Page 17: ...y resolution to 0 001 Hz list and step sweep of frequency and amplitude with multiple trigger sources optimized signal to noise ratio 10 MHz reference oscillator with external output RS 232 GPIB and 1...

Page 18: ...neous modulation configurations except FM with M or Linear AM with Exponential AM dual function generators that include the following 50 ohm low frequency output 0 to 3 Vp available through the LF out...

Page 19: ...e E8257D The E8267D PSG offers the same options as the E8257D PSG plus the following Option 003 PSG digital output connectivity with N5102A Option 004 PSG digital input connectivity with N5102A Option...

Page 20: ...ces optimized signal to noise ratio 10 MHz reference oscillator with external output RS 232 GPIB and 10Base T LAN I O interfaces user flatness correction pulse modulation internal pulse generator exte...

Page 21: ...bration certificate and test data Option UNX ultra low phase noise Option UNY enhanced ultra low phase noise Option UNT AM FM phase modulation and LF output open loop or closed loop AM dc synthesized...

Page 22: ...ity of new signal generator firmware visit the Signal Generator Firmware Upgrade Center web page at http www keysight com find upgradeassistant or call the number listed at http www keysight com find...

Page 23: ...type of connection selected For LAN enter the instrument s IP address which you recorded in step 1 NOTE If the PSG s dynamic host configuration protocol DHCP is enabled the network assigns the instrum...

Page 24: ...ow pulse modulation capability respectively Option UNU is standard on the E8663D Option 1SM provides improved Exponential Log AM mode Digital Modulation In this mode the signal generator modulates a C...

Page 25: ...es Like Two Tone mode the frequency spacing between the signals and the amplitudes are adjustable To learn more refer to Multitone Waveform Generator on page 251 Dual ARB mode is used to control the p...

Page 26: ...8267D Front Panel Diagram Table 1 2 1 Display 10 Help 19 SYNC OUT 28 Local 2 Softkeys 11 EXT 1 INPUT 20 VIDEO OUT 29 Preset 3 Knob 12 EXT 2 INPUT 21 Incr Set 30 Line Power LED 4 Amplitude 13 LF OUTPUT...

Page 27: ...or character or step through lists or select items in a row 4 Amplitude Pressing this hardkey makes amplitude the active function You can change the output amplitude or use the menus to configure ampl...

Page 28: ...al generator through the front panel or SCPI commands when switching between different signal configurations Once an instrument state has been saved all of the frequency amplitude and modulation setti...

Page 29: ...dkey or softkey to be displayed and in most cases a listing of related remote operation SCPI commands There are two help modes available on the signal generator single and continuous The single mode i...

Page 30: ...Vp On signal generators with Option 1EM this connector is located on the rear panel 13 LF OUTPUT This female BNC output connector functional only with Option UNT or on the E8663D outputs modulation s...

Page 31: ...erse power damage levels are 0 Vdc 0 5 watts nominal On signal generators with Option 1EM this connector is located on the rear panel The connector type varies according to frequency option 19 SYNC OU...

Page 32: ...ist Individual digits or characters may be highlighted using the left and right arrow hardkeys Once an individual digit or character is highlighted its value can be changed using the up and down arrow...

Page 33: ...ate is 50 MHz The damage levels are 5 5 V and 0 5V The nominal input impedance is not definable SYMBOL SYNC can be used in two modes When used as a symbol sync in conjunction with a data clock the sig...

Page 34: ...nalog I Q modulation The in phase I component is supplied through the I INPUT The signal level is 0 5 Vrms for a calibrated output level The nominal input impedance is 50 or 600 ohms The damage level...

Page 35: ...Display Figure 1 2 shows the various regions of the PSG display This section describes each region Figure 1 2 Front Panel Display Diagram Table 1 4 1 Active Entry Area 5 Amplitude Area 2 Frequency Are...

Page 36: ...ares an annunciator position can be active at a time M This annunciator Option UNT only appears when phase modulation is on If frequency modulation is on the FM annunciator replaces M ALC OFF This ann...

Page 37: ...ation is turned on If phase modulation is turned on the M annunciator will replace FM I Q This annunciator E8267D only appears when I Q modulation is turned on L This annunciator appears when the sign...

Page 38: ...request SRQ over the RS 232 GPIB or VXI 11 LAN interface SWEEP This annunciator appears when the signal generator is in list step or ramp sweep mode ramp sweep is available with Option 007 only List...

Page 39: ...eference mode is turned on external leveling mode is enabled a source module is enabled and when user flatness is enabled 6 Error Message Area Abbreviated error messages are reported in this space Whe...

Page 40: ...le 1 5 1 EVENT 1 11 WIDEBAND Q INPUTS 21 LAN 2 EVENT 2 12 COH CARRIER Serial Prefixes US4646 MY4646 22 10 MHz OUT 3 PATTERN TRIG IN 13 1 GHz REF OUT Serial Prefixes US4646 MY4646 23 STOP SWEEP IN OUT...

Page 41: ...F OUT 2 EVENT 2 17 10 MHz EFC 32 EXT 1 3 PATTERN TRIG IN 18 ALC HOLD Serial Prefixes US4722 MY4722 33 EXT 2 4 BURST GATE IN 19 AUXILIARY INTERFACE 34 PULSE SYNC OUT 5 AUXILIARY I O 20 10 MHz IN 35 PUL...

Page 42: ...5 AC Power Receptacle 30 SOURCE MODULE INTERFACE Table 1 7 5 AUXILIARY I O 19 AUXILIARY INTERFACE 26 SWEEP OUT 12 COH CARRIER Serial Prefixes US4646 MY4646 20 10 MHz IN 27 TRIGGER OUT 13 1 GHz REF OUT...

Page 43: ...e 23 STOP SWEEP IN OUT 33 EXT 2 16 GPIB 25 Z AXIS BLANK MKRS 34 PULSE SYNC OUT 17 10 MHz EFC 26 SWEEP OUT 35 PULSE VIDEO OUT 19 AUXILIARY INTERFACE 27 TRIGGER OUT 36 PULSE TRIG GATE INPUT 20 10 MHz IN...

Page 44: ...with an internal baseband generator Option 601 602 On signal generators without Option 601 602 this female BNC connector is non functional In real time mode the EVENT 2 connector outputs a data enabl...

Page 45: ...ynchronized with the external data input that will be output during the burst The burst power envelope and modulated data are internally delayed and re synchronized The input signal must be CMOS high...

Page 46: ...4 V View looking into rear panel connector DATA CLK OUT Used with an internal baseband generator This pin relays a CMOS bit clock signal for synchronizing serial data DATA OUT Used with an internal b...

Page 47: ...ng in the 20 28 5 GHz frequency range Options 532 and 544 which reverses the phase relationship for I and Q signals For internally generated I Q signals the signal generator s firmware compensates for...

Page 48: ...single BNC Q input The recommended power level at this input connector is 0 dBM 12 COH CARRIER Serial Prefixes US4646 MY4646 This female SMA connector Option UNT only outputs an RF signal that is pha...

Page 49: ...g this cord can cause product damage This instrument has auto ranging line voltage input be sure the supply voltage is within the specified range and voltage fluctuations do not to exceed 10 percent o...

Page 50: ...the bursted signal is not at the proper level Damage levels are 5 5 V and 0 5 V 19 AUXILIARY INTERFACE This 9 pin D subminiature female connector is an RS 232 serial port that can be used for serial...

Page 51: ...cross intervals It provides high level nominally 5 V output during the forward portion of the sweep Sweep stops when this input output connector is grounded externally When operating as an input the...

Page 52: ...ramp sweep mode the output provides 1601 equally spaced 1 s pulses nominal across a ramp sweep When using LF Out the output provides a 2 s pulse at the start of an LF sweep The nominal impedance for...

Page 53: ...and from the mm source module MOD C1 Control line one CLAMP CNTL Source module clamp control not used MOD SENSE Source module sense A 1 mA current is injected on this line by the mm source module to i...

Page 54: ...C input connector functional only with Options UNT UNU or UNW accepts a 1 Vp signal for AM FM and M With AM FM or M 1 Vp produces the indicated deviation or depth When ac coupled inputs are selected f...

Page 55: ...MOS bit clock signal which is also TTL compatible where the rising edge is aligned with the beginning data bit The falling edge is used to clock the DATA and SYMBOL SYNC signals The maximum clock rate...

Page 56: ...00 ohms The damage level is 1 Vrms and 10 Vpeak To activate signals applied to the I and Q input connectors press Mux I Q Source 1 or I Q Source 2 and then select either Ext 50 Ohm or Ext 600 Ohm On s...

Page 57: ...instrument when removing or inserting the memory Use only Keysight provided or certified compact flash cards This flash drive Options 008 and 009 only outputs data to a removable flash card The 8 GB...

Page 58: ...44 Keysight E8357D 67D E8663D PSG User s Guide Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel...

Page 59: ...1EU or 521 only on page 48 Configuring a Continuous Wave RF Output on page 50 Configuring a Swept RF Output on page 54 Using Ramp Sweep Option 007 on page 59 Extending the Frequency Range on page 68...

Page 60: ...displays the List Mode Values table editor as shown below Figure 2 1 Active Function Area displays the active table item while its value is edited Cursor an inverse video identifier used to highlight...

Page 61: ...Page Down displays table items that occupy rows outside the limits of the ten row table display area More 1 of 2 accesses Load Store and its associated softkeys Load Store opens a menu of softkeys Lo...

Page 62: ...set softkey menu or use the save instrument state register softkeys Refer to Using the Instrument State Registers on page 72 NOTE In internal leveling mode when the set amplitude is within 1 dBm of th...

Page 63: ...G or use the keypad to enter the dBm The minimum settable value is 15 dBm The maximum settable value is the unleveled power of the instrument For settings accuracy refer to the Data Sheet 3 To prevent...

Page 64: ...rement or decrement the output frequency in 1 MHz steps 1 Return the signal generator to the factory defined state Press Preset NOTE You can change the preset condition of the signal generator to a us...

Page 65: ...changes the actual frequency output is 700 MHz from step 8 above Any subsequent frequency changes are shown as increments or decrements to the 0 Hz reference The Frequency Reference Set function is n...

Page 66: ...f power below 2 GHz is acceptable Refer to the Data Sheet for details Options 1EH and 521 improves the harmonic distortion performance for carrier frequencies ranging from 10 MHz to 2 GHz Refer to the...

Page 67: ...isplay annunciator changes to RF ON The power at the RF OUTPUT connector is 20 dBm 5 Change the amplitude increment value to 10 dB Press Incr Set 10 dB 6 Use the up arrow key to increase the output po...

Page 68: ...quency and or amplitude values while list sweep enables you to create a list of arbitrary frequency amplitude and dwell time values and sweep the RF output based on that list The list sweep example us...

Page 69: ...xt step The total time at any step is the sum of the switching speed from the datasheet plus the dwell time at that step The frequency amplitude or frequency and amplitude of the RF output will sweep...

Page 70: ...inuous repetition of the frequencies and amplitudes configured in the step sweep are now available at the RF OUTPUT connector The SWEEP annunciator appears on the display indicating that the signal ge...

Page 71: ...p Points 1 Press Return Sweep Off Turning the sweep off allows you to edit the list sweep points without generating errors If sweep remains on during editing errors occur whenever one or two point par...

Page 72: ...eep 1 Press Return Sweep Freq Ampl This turns the sweep on again No errors should occur if all parameters for every point have been defined in the previous editing process 2 Press Single Sweep The sig...

Page 73: ...ystem pass thru commands enable you to temporarily interrupt ramp sweep system interaction so that you can send operating instructions to the PSG Using Basic Ramp Sweep Functions This procedure demons...

Page 74: ...t does not match that of the PSG change the value 6 Preset either instrument Presetting one of the instruments should automatically preset the other as well If both instruments do not preset check the...

Page 75: ...gs once again control the RF output and the CW mode is turned off Pressing any one of the softkeys Freq Start Freq Stop Freq Center or Freq Span activates a ramp sweep with the current settings NOTE I...

Page 76: ...rker 1 and select a frequency value within the range of your sweep but different from marker 0 Notice that marker 1 is activated and is the currently selected marker indicated by the marker arrow poin...

Page 77: ...arker 1 on the 8757D On the 8757D notice that the displayed amplitude and frequency values for marker 1 are relative to marker 0 as the marker moves along the trace Refer to Figure 2 6 Figure 2 6 Delt...

Page 78: ...NOTE When using an 8757D network analyzer in manual sweep mode you must activate the signal generator s Manual Mode before using the Manual Freq softkey to control the sweep Press Sweep List More 2 o...

Page 79: ...current sweep and the alternate sweep from the previous task The current CW settings now control the RF output 2 Press Configure Ramp Step Sweep 3 Using the Ampl Start and Ampl Stop softkeys set an am...

Page 80: ...to the slave PSG s 10 MHz reference input the master s timebase supplies the frequency reference for both PSGs 2 Set up the slave PSG s frequency and power settings By setting up the slave first you...

Page 81: ...Keysight E8357D 67D E8663D PSG User s Guide 67 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2 8 Master Slave Equipment Setup Figure 2 9 RS 232 Pin Configuration...

Page 82: ...y Range You can extend the signal generator frequency range using an Keysight 83550 series millimeter wave source module or other manufacturer s mm source module For information on using the signal ge...

Page 83: ...that displays the state of the modulation format as well as the active modulation format annunciator The modulation format generates but the carrier signal is not modulated until you apply it to the...

Page 84: ...ulated when a modulation format is turned on To Turn RF Output Modulation On Press the Mod On Off key until the MOD ON annunciator appears in the display The carrier signal should be modulated with al...

Page 85: ...f List Files 3 Press Store to File Table 2 1 Memory Catalog File Types and Associated Data Binary binary data State instrument state data controlling instrument operating parameters such as frequency...

Page 86: ...er to Table on page 71 Using the Instrument State Registers The instrument state register is a section of memory divided into 10 sequences numbered 0 through 9 with each sequence consisting of 100 reg...

Page 87: ...nerator then turn on amplitude modulation the AM annunciator will turn on a Press Frequency 800 MHz b Press Amplitude 0 dBm c Press AM AM Off On 2 Press Save Select Seq The sequence number becomes the...

Page 88: ...Deleting Registers and Sequences These procedures describe how to delete registers and sequences saved to an instrument state register Deleting a Specific Register within a Sequence 1 Press Preset 2 P...

Page 89: ...family can save and recall signal generator instrument states although communication between the instruments is limited A clear register command from the 8757 will cause the signal generator to repla...

Page 90: ...able compact flash drive Options 008 and 009 Table 2 2 Base Instrument Memory Memory Type and Size Writable During Data Retained Purpose Contents Data Input Method Location in Instrument and Remarks M...

Page 91: ...e and instrument status firmware operations CPU board The battery can be removed to sanitize the memory but must be reinstalled for the instrument to operate The battery is located on the CPU board Bo...

Page 92: ...accessible by the user Not battery backed Buffer Memory SRAM 5 x 512 kB No No support buffer memory for ARB and real time applications normal user operation This memory is used during normal baseband...

Page 93: ...prefix US4829 SG4828 MY4829 Memory Type and Size Writable During Data Retained Purpose Contents Data Input Method Remarks Memory Storage removable compact flash drive 8 GB usable 81873740 80 bytes Ye...

Page 94: ...as Erase All and then clears and overwrites the various memory types in accordance with Department of Defense DoD standards as described below To carry out this function press Utility Memory Catalog M...

Page 95: ...e command SYSTem PRESet PERSistent LAN Setup The LAN setup hostname IP address subnet mask and default gateway information is not defaulted with a signal generator power on or RST command This informa...

Page 96: ...rite All Sanitize equivalent to Erase and Sanitize All Activating the Secure Mode CAUTION Once you activate secure mode by pressing Confirm you cannot deactivate or decrease the security level the era...

Page 97: ...ll not be charged for the new processor board Hard Disk Either Discard the hard disk and send the instrument to a repair facility Indicate on the repair order that the hard disk was removed and must b...

Page 98: ...and the front panel keys are disabled Once this function is activated the power must be cycled to re enable the display and front panel keys To apply this function press Utility Display More 1 of 2 Ac...

Page 99: ...ftware options and any software options that can be enabled 2 Verify that the host ID shown on the display matches the host ID on the license key certificate The host ID is a unique number for every i...

Page 100: ...nformation on your signal generator and a means to control the instrument by using a remote front panel interface or using SCPI Standard Communication for Programmable Instruments commands The web pag...

Page 101: ...The IP Internet Protocol address can change depending on your LAN configuration Use the LAN Config Manual DHCP softkey to select a Manual or DHCP dynamic host communication protocol LAN configuration...

Page 102: ...web page For example click on the Frequency hardkey then use the front panel key pad to enter a frequency You can also use the up and down arrow keys to increase or decrease the frequency You can use...

Page 103: ...Custom Modulation on page 90 Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers on page 92 Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player on page 103 Using Waveform Markers on page 111 Triggering Waveforms on page 126 Using Wav...

Page 104: ...e defined modulation types such as BPSK and 16QAM that can be used to create a signal The Real Time I Q Baseband mode can be used to create custom data formats using built in PN sequences or custom us...

Page 105: ...ry and played using the Dual ARB waveform player For more information refer to the sections Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player on page 103 and Modes of Operation on page 10 Custom Real Time I Q Baseba...

Page 106: ...le clock rate Runtime scaling only in the dual ARB player Marker settings and routing functions page 111 Polarity ALC hold RF blanking High crest mode only in the dual ARB player Modulator attenuation...

Page 107: ...ated by a different ARB modulation format Modifying Header Information in a Modulation Format This procedure builds on the previous procedure explaining the different areas of a file header and showin...

Page 108: ...ontains the following signal generator settings Lets you enter edit the Description field Clears the Saved Header Settings column to the default settings Saves the Current Inst Settings column to the...

Page 109: ...nu Press Return Return Header Utilities Notice that the Current Inst Settings column now reflects the changes made to the current signal generator setup in steps 4 through 8 but that the saved header...

Page 110: ...u overwrite the previous AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM file and its file header To avoid this rename the file before you turn the modulation format back on see page 110 Storing a waveform file see page 110 stores...

Page 111: ...waveform sequence described on page 105 the PSG automatically creates a default file header which takes priority over the headers for the waveform segments that compose the waveform sequence During a...

Page 112: ...d to the PSG Modifying Header Information All of the same header characteristics shown in Modifying Header Information in a Modulation Format are valid in the dual ARB player This task guides you thro...

Page 113: ...RB player off perform the following steps 1 Select a waveform a Press Mode Dual ARB Select Waveform b Highlight the desired waveform file c Press the Select Waveform softkey 2 Access the file header P...

Page 114: ...List for Viewing a Different Header 2 View all waveform segments in non volatile memory a Press the Catalog Type softkey As shown in Figure 3 7 you have a choice of three waveform file types that can...

Page 115: ...SG User s Guide 101 Basic Digital Operation Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers playing waveform either press View Different Header select the current playing waveform file and press View Header or pr...

Page 116: ...tings appear as part of the labels of the softkeys used to set the parameters and also appear on the dual ARB summary display see Figure 3 8 NOTE The signal generator used to play back a stored wavefo...

Page 117: ...lly generated file is named AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM Because this default file name is shared among all ARB formats it must be renamed if you want to save the information If the file is not renamed it will be...

Page 118: ...gments and repeated segments cannot exceed the limit count The following diagram shows a waveform sequence made up of two sequences and three segments In this example the segment count is eleven Figur...

Page 119: ...tone waveform with nine tones During waveform generation the M TONE and I Q annunciators activate The waveform is stored in volatile memory with the default file name AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM 4 Create the sec...

Page 120: ...veform Player d Press Done Inserting 2 Optional Enable markers as desired for the segments in the new sequence see page 121 3 Name and store the waveform sequence to the Catalog of Seq Files in the me...

Page 121: ...nce generation the ARB and I Q annunciators activate Editing a Waveform Sequence This example shows how to edit waveform segments within a waveform sequence and then save the edited sequence under a n...

Page 122: ...Player You have now changed the number of repetitions for each waveform segment entry from 1 to 100 and 200 respectively The sequence has been stored under a new name to the Catalog of Seq Files in th...

Page 123: ...ise contributions independently from the total power The system still behaves as if both the noise and the carrier are present on the output when it comes to determining the Auto Modulation Attenuatio...

Page 124: ...on volatile Memory 1 Press Mode Dual ARB Waveform Segments 2 If necessary press Load Store to Store 3 Press Store All To NVWFM Memory Copies of all WFM1 waveform segment files have been stored in non...

Page 125: ...gnal generator creates a marker file without any marker points Factory supplied segments have a marker point on the first sample for all four markers The following procedures demonstrate how to use ma...

Page 126: ...110 In the dual ARB player you can modify a waveform segment s marker points without playing the waveform or while playing the waveform in an ARB modulation format In an ARB modulation format you must...

Page 127: ...namic range encountered with RF blanking page 124 is not desired The ALC hold marker function holds the ALC circuitry at the average RMS value of the sampled points set by the marker s For both positi...

Page 128: ...les during the on marker points positive polarity Marker Marker Marker Marker Example of Correct Use Waveform 1022 points Marker range 95 97 Marker polarity Positive This example shows a marker set to...

Page 129: ...s Sample range begins on first point of signal Negative range set between signal and off time Example of Incorrect Use Waveform 1022 points Marker range 110 1022 Marker polarity Negative This figure s...

Page 130: ...the Marker Utilities menu page 115 press Set Markers 2 Highlight the desired waveform segment In an ARB format there is only one file AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM and it is already highlighted 3 Press Display Ma...

Page 131: ...et Markers 2 Highlight the desired waveform segment In an ARB format there is only one file AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM and it is already highlighted 3 Highlight the desired marker number Press Marker 1 2 3 4 4...

Page 132: ...ual to the value set in step 2 for this example 17 Press Last Mkr Point 17 Enter Apply To Waveform Return This turns off all marker points for the active marker within the range set in Steps 2 and 3 a...

Page 133: ...l to the first marker point in this example 20 Press Last Mkr Point 20 Enter 6 Press Apply To Waveform Return This sets a range of waveform marker points The marker signal starts on sample point 10 an...

Page 134: ...Markers 3 Highlight the desired waveform segment In ARB formats there is only one file AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM and it is already highlighted 4 Highlight the desired marker number Press Marker 1 2 3 4 5 Set...

Page 135: ...ect on the auxiliary outputs 1 Select the waveform segments step 1 on page 105 2 Toggle the markers as desired a Highlight the first waveform segment b Press Enable Disable Markers c As desired press...

Page 136: ...aveform Sequences and highlight the desired waveform sequence 2 Press Edit Selected Waveform Sequence and highlight the first waveform segment 3 Press Enable Disable Markers Toggle Marker 1 Toggle Mar...

Page 137: ...ce This example uses the factory supplied segment SINE_TEST_WFM in the Dual ARB Player Factory supplied segments have a marker point on the first sample point for all four markers as shown 1 Press Mod...

Page 138: ...veled power The signal generator blanks the RF output when the marker signal goes low 1 Using the factory supplied segment SINE_TEST_WFM set Marker 1 across points 1 180 page 118 2 From the Marker Uti...

Page 139: ...1 In the Marker Utilities menu page 115 press Marker Polarity 2 Select the marker polarity as desired for each marker number As shown on page 124 Positive Polarity On marker points are high 3 3V Nega...

Page 140: ...r when the signal generator requires only a single trigger In this situation the PSG recognizes the first trigger event and ignores the rest When you select a trigger mode you may lose the signal carr...

Page 141: ...ramed or unframed data Because the PSG provides only unframed data to transmit a framed data signal you must create an external file that incorporates the framing and download it to the PSG see the Ke...

Page 142: ...cause the current segment to finish then play advances to the next segment which plays continuously Continuous repeats the waveform until you turn the signal off or select another waveform trigger mo...

Page 143: ...s during the high of the trigger signal ARB Formats When the active state occurs the PSG stops the waveform file playback at the last played sample point and restarts the playback at the next sample p...

Page 144: ...playback sequence or segment a Preset the signal generator b Press Mode Dual ARB Select Waveform c Highlight a waveform file for this example SINE_TEST_WFM d Press Select Waveform 5 Select the wavefor...

Page 145: ...behavior is reversed when the gating signal is high you see the modulated waveform Using Segment Advance Triggering Segment advance triggering enables you to control the segment playback within a wave...

Page 146: ...veform sequence Press Return Return ARB Off On to On 6 Trigger the first waveform segment to begin playing repeatedly Press the Trigger hardkey 7 Optional Monitor the current waveform Connect the outp...

Page 147: ...s constructed I Q waveforms can be the summation of multiple channels see Figure 3 10 Whenever most or all of the individual channel waveforms simultaneously contain a bit in the same state high or lo...

Page 148: ...of the relative infrequency of high power peaks a waveform will have a high peak to average power ratio see Figure 3 12 Because a transmitter s power amplifier gain is set to provide a specific averag...

Page 149: ...resentation and appears as a circle During rectangular clipping clipping is applied to the I and Q waveforms separately I Q Notice in Figure 3 15 on page 136 that the clipping level is different for I...

Page 150: ...136 Keysight E8357D 67D E8663D PSG User s Guide Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping Figure 3 14 Circular Clipping Figure 3 15 Rectangular Clipping...

Page 151: ...cular clipping The circular setting clips the composite I Q data I and Q data are clipped equally For more information about circular clipping refer to How Clipping Reduces Peak to Average Power on pa...

Page 152: ...m it cannot be undone Repeated use of the clipping function has a cumulative effect on the waveform 10 Press Waveform Statistics CCDF Plot and observe the waveform s curve Notice the reduction in peak...

Page 153: ...key is set to I Q This activates the Clip I To and Clip Q To softkeys that enable you to configure rectangular independent I and Q data clipping 9 Press Clip I To 80 10 Press Clip Q To 40 Apply to Wav...

Page 154: ...the digital I and Q baseband waveforms into analog waveforms The clock rate of the interpolator is four times that of the baseband clock The interpolator therefore calculates sample points between the...

Page 155: ...quate margin for the overshoot the interpolator filter is then able to calculate sample points that include the ripple effect thereby eliminating the over range error see Figure 3 19 Figure 3 19 Wavef...

Page 156: ...s instantly applied to the playing waveform Runtime scaling adjustments are not cumulative as the values are always relative to original amplitude of the waveform file Scaling a Waveform File in Volat...

Page 157: ...liminates DAC Over Range Errors on page 141 The baseband frequency offset value is one of the file header parameters which means you can store this value with the waveform When you select a waveform w...

Page 158: ...sic Digital Operation Setting the Baseband Frequency Offset b Set the amplitude to 0 dBm c Turn on the RF OUTPUT 4 Press ARB Setup More 2 of 3 Baseband Frequency Offset 20 MHz The modulated RF signal...

Page 159: ...ence Oscillator Bandwidth Option UNR UNX UNY on page 167 Optimizing Phase Noise and Harmonics Below 3 2 GHz Option UNX UNY on page 168 Wideband IQ FM Mode 3 2 GHz Option 018 on page 171 Using the ALC...

Page 160: ...loop bandwidth of the ALC circuit will prevent the ALC from sampling the fast rising edges of pulsed waveforms with high crest factors found in formats such as 802 11b CDMA and OFDM A limited or narr...

Page 161: ...an use external leveling with a detector and coupler power splitter setup or a millimeter wave source module To Level with Detectors and Couplers Splitters Figure 4 2 illustrates a typical external le...

Page 162: ...ve the coupling factor printed on the directional coupler at the detector port Typically this value is 10 to 20 dB Enter the positive dB value of this coupling factor into the signal generator 7 Press...

Page 163: ...h Option 1E1 Signal Generators Signal generators with Option 1E1 contain a step attenuator prior to the RF output connector During external leveling the signal generator automatically holds the presen...

Page 164: ...e signal generator RF output of 40 dBm for an unmodulated carrier follow these steps 1 Press Amplitude Set Atten 45 dB 2 Press Set ALC Level 5 dBm This sets the attenuator to 45 dB and the ALC level t...

Page 165: ...ons is created for frequencies where power level variations or losses occur These frequencies may be defined in sequential linear steps or arbitrarily spaced To allow different correction arrays for d...

Page 166: ...have the required Keysight power meter or if your power meter does not have a GPIB interface you can enter correction values manually Required Equipment Keysight E4416A 17A or Keysight N1913A 14A powe...

Page 167: ...to interface with the power meter a Press Amplitude More 1 of 2 User Flatness More 1 of 2 Power Meter E4416A E4417A E4418B or E4419B b Press Meter Address enter the power meter s GPIB address Enter c...

Page 168: ...s a positive number while loss is entered as a negative number 10 Press RF On Off This activates the RF output and the RF ON annunciator is displayed on the signal generator Perform the User Flatness...

Page 169: ...s not have a GPIB interface complete the steps in this section and then continue with the user flatness correction tutorial 1 Press More 1 of 2 User Flatness Configure Cal Array This opens the User Fl...

Page 170: ...ress Return Return Flatness Off On to On This applies the user flatness correction array to the RF output The UF indicator is activated in the AMPLITUDE section of the signal generator s display and t...

Page 171: ...performing the user flatness correction its GPIB controller mode must be changed from GPIB talker to GPIB listener If an RF carrier has been previously configured you must save the present instrument...

Page 172: ...E4416A 17A 18B 19B power meter controlled by the signal generator via GPIB and R8486A power sensor are used to measure the RF output amplitude of the millimeter wave source module at the specified cor...

Page 173: ...l factor array NOTE For operating information on your particular power meter sensor refer to their operating guides Connect the Equipment CAUTION To prevent damage to the signal generator turn off the...

Page 174: ...E8357D 67D E8663D PSG User s Guide Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Figure 4 5 User Flatness with mm Wave Source Module for a Signal Generator without Options 1EA...

Page 175: ...and cables connected between the signal generator s RF output and the mm wave source module s RF input should be less than 1 5 dB Configure the Signal Generator 1 Turn on the signal generator s line p...

Page 176: ...f unsuccessfully attempting to communicate with the power meter 3 Press More 2 of 2 Configure Cal Array More 1 of 2 Preset List Confirm Preset This opens the User Flatness table editor and resets the...

Page 177: ...ser flatness correction array title displays User Flatness UNSTORED indicating that the current user flatness correction array data has not been saved to the memory catalog Performing the User Flatnes...

Page 178: ...d 4 Press Enter The user flatness correction array file FLATCAL2 is now stored in the memory catalog as a UFLT file Applying the User Flatness Correction Array 1 Press Return Return Flatness Off On Th...

Page 179: ...67D E8663D PSG User s Guide 165 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction 6 Press Return Flatness Off On This activates flatness correction using the data contained in the...

Page 180: ...PSG has the ability to recall the factory amplitude flatness calibration Refer to Restoring the Factory Flatness Calibration The purpose of this calibration is to improve the 500 MHz frequency transi...

Page 181: ...z stability and phase noise are determined by the synthesizer hardware To optimize the overall phase noise of the signal generator for your particular application make this adjustment depending on you...

Page 182: ...nics Below 3 2 GHz Option UNX UNY Included with the Ultra Low Phase Noise Option UNX UNY is the ability to improve both phase noise and harmonic performance below 3 2 GHz Refer to the PSG s Data Sheet...

Page 183: ...tkey is been pressed Refer to the PSG s Data Sheet The PSG s low band phase noise can be improved below 250 MHz by using the Low Phase Noise Below 250 MHz softkey Refer to the PSG s Data Sheet See als...

Page 184: ...be improved below 3 2 GHz by using the Low Pass Filter Below 2 GHz softkey Refer to the PSG s Data Sheet See also Optimizing Phase Noise Below 250 MHz serial prefix xx4928 and higher on page 169 Figur...

Page 185: ...dulation deviation External differential inputs on the rear panel Wide I and Wide Q are provided for direct access to the microwave I Q modulator To enable the wideband I Q inputs refer to Figure 4 9...

Page 186: ...172 Keysight E8357D 67D E8663D PSG User s Guide Optimizing Performance Wideband IQ FM Mode 3 2 GHz Option 018...

Page 187: ...optional analog modulation capability in the Keysight E8257D PSG Analog E8663D Analog and E8267D PSG Vector signal generators Analog Modulation Waveforms on page 174 Configuring AM Option UNT on page...

Page 188: ...rom function generator only Triangle triangle wave with adjustable amplitude and frequency Ramp ramp with adjustable amplitude and frequency Square square wave with adjustable amplitude and frequency...

Page 189: ...is now configured to output a 0 dBm amplitude modulated carrier at 1340 kHz with the AM depth set to 90 and the AM rate set to 10 kHz The shape of the waveform is a sine wave Notice that sine is the d...

Page 190: ...To Activate FM 1 Press FM Off On to On 2 Press RF On Off The FM and RF ON annunciators are now displayed This indicates that you have enabled frequency modulation and the signal is now being transmit...

Page 191: ...FM Deviation and Rate 1 Press the FM M hardkey 2 Press the FM M softkey 3 Press M Dev 25 pi rad 4 Press M Rate 10 kHz The signal generator is now configured to output a 0 dBm phase modulated carrier...

Page 192: ...ut a 0 dBm pulse modulated carrier at 2 GHz with a 100 microsecond pulse period and 24 microsecond pulse width The pulse source is set to internal gated Notice that Internal Free Run is the default fo...

Page 193: ...ty hardkey then selecting the Instrument Info Help Mode and the Installed Board Info softkeys on each PSG 2 Set PSG1 to its RF output frequency f1 and PSG2 to its frequency f2 3 Connect the two PSGs a...

Page 194: ...the Pulse Source and Internal Triggered on PSG 1 and PSG2 PSG1 as the internal pulse source a Set PSG1 trigger modes to Free Run by selecting the Pulse hardkey then selecting the Pulse Source and Int...

Page 195: ...th adjustable amplitude and frequency Dual Sine dual sine waves with individually adjustable frequencies and a percent of peak amplitude setting for the second tone available from function generator 1...

Page 196: ...uency Output 1 Press the LF Out hardkey 2 Press LF Out Amplitude 3 Vp 3 Press LF Out Off On You have configured the LF output signal for a 3 volt sine wave default wave form output which is frequency...

Page 197: ...n UNT Configuring the Low Frequency Output 1 Press LF Out Amplitude 3 Vp This sets the LF output amplitude to 3 Vp 2 Press LF Out Off On The LF output is now transmitting a signal using Function Gener...

Page 198: ...184 Keysight E8357D 67D E8663D PSG User s Guide Analog Modulation Configuring the LF Output Option UNT...

Page 199: ...waveform generator mode which is available only in E8267D PSG vector signal generators with Option 601 or 602 Overview on page 186 Working with Predefined Setups Modes on page 187 Working with Filter...

Page 200: ...odulated carrier waveform start by selecting a Digital Modulation Setup from a set of predefined modes setups Once a predefined mode is selected you can modify the Modulation Type the Filter being use...

Page 201: ...veform Generator Setup Select 3 Select either one of the predefined modulation setups NADC PDC PHS GSM DECT EDGE APCO 25 w C4FM APCO 25 w CQPSK CDPD PWT or TETRA This selects a predefined setup where...

Page 202: ...Modified During waveform generation the DIGMOD and I Q annunciators appear and the custom single carrier digital modulation state is stored in volatile memory 7 Set the RF output frequency to 835 MHz...

Page 203: ...carrier at a frequency offset of 625 kHz and a power level of 10 00 dBm 6 Press Return Digital Modulation Off On This generates a waveform with the custom multicarrier EDGE state The display changes t...

Page 204: ...ng a User Defined Custom Digital Modulation State In this procedure you learn how to select recall a previously stored custom digital modulation state from the Memory Catalog the Catalog of DMOD Files...

Page 205: ...frequencies The width of the middle frequencies is defined by the roll off factor or Filter Alpha 0 Filter Alpha 1 Nyquist is a raised cosine pre modulation FIR filter You can use a Nyquist filter to...

Page 206: ...esired filter If the filter you want is not in the first list press More 1 of 2 Adjusting the Filter Alpha of a Predefined Root Nyquist or Nyquist Filter 1 Preset the instrument Press Preset 2 Press M...

Page 207: ...tio is 1024 coefficients While the FIR Values editor allows a maximum filter length of 1024 coefficients the PSG hardware is limited to 64 symbols for real time and 512 symbols for arbitrary waveform...

Page 208: ...d the number of symbols 7 Press Display Impulse Response A graph displays the impulse response of the current FIR coefficients 8 Press Return 9 Highlight coefficient 15 10 Press 0 Enter 11 Press Displ...

Page 209: ...imum filter length of 1024 coefficients but the PSG hardware is limited to 512 symbols for arbitrary waveform generation and 64 symbols for real time waveform generation The number of symbols equals t...

Page 210: ...nction that automatically duplicates the existing coefficient values in the reverse order coefficients 16 through 31 are automatically generated and the first of these coefficients number 16 highlight...

Page 211: ...eturn Display Impulse Response A graph shows the impulse response of the current set of FIR coefficients 11 Press Return Load Store Store To File The Catalog of FIR Files appears along with the amount...

Page 212: ...198 Keysight E8357D 67D E8663D PSG User s Guide Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters...

Page 213: ...tted with each symbol this is also known as the Baud Rate Bit Rate is the frequency of the system bit stream The internal baseband generator Option 602 automatically streams the selected Data Pattern...

Page 214: ...3 135 bps 150 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 16 67 Msps 16PSK sixteen phase state shift keying 4 180 sps 200 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 12 5 Msps D8PSK eight phase state shift keying 3 135 bps 150 Mbps 4...

Page 215: ...Time I Q you can also Create user defined modulation type see page 201 that can be used immediately or saved to the Memory Catalog Restore all modulation parameters to their default state To Select a...

Page 216: ...ad mapped each point specifically Additionally this approach does not enable you to define the bit pattern associated with each symbol point as you could if the 128QAM constellation had been defined o...

Page 217: ...2 Load Store Store To File If there is already a file name from the Catalog of IQ Files occupying the active entry area press the following keys Editing Keys Clear Text 9 Enter a file name for exampl...

Page 218: ...the I value updates the highlight moves to the first Q entry and provides a default value of 0 and an empty row of data appears below the first row As the Q value updates the highlight moves to the ne...

Page 219: ...g a Predefined I Q Modulation Type I Q Symbols Simulating Magnitude Errors Phase Errors Use the following procedure to manipulate symbol locations which simulate magnitude and phase errors In this exa...

Page 220: ...lues is created for the custom 4 level FSK file 7 Press Load Store Store To File If there is already a file name from the Catalog of FSK Files occupying the active entry area press the following keys...

Page 221: ...upying the active entry area press the following keys Edit Keys Clear Text 10 Enter a file name for example NEWFSK using the alpha keys and the numeric keypad 11 Press Enter The user defined FSK modul...

Page 222: ...such as a two channel arbitrary waveform generator to generate up to 2 GHz modulation bandwidth at RF To enable the wideband I Q inputs 1 Press the front panel I Q hardkey 2 Press I Q Off 3 Press I Q...

Page 223: ...Keysight E8357D 67D E8663D PSG User s Guide 209 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Modulation Types 7 Press I Q Path Wide Ext Rear Inputs 8 Press I Q On...

Page 224: ...Press Ext Polarity Neg Pos until Pos is highlighted 8 Press Ext Delay Off On until On is highlighted 9 Press Ext Delay Time 100 msec The Custom Arb Waveform Generator has been configured to play a sin...

Page 225: ...Arb Waveform Generator Configuring Hardware The externally single triggered custom multicarrier waveform should be available at the signal generator s RF OUTPUT connector 100 ms after receiving a cha...

Page 226: ...212 Keysight E8357D 67D E8663D PSG User s Guide Custom Arb Waveform Generator Configuring Hardware...

Page 227: ...is available only in E8267D PSG vector signal generators with Option 601 or 602 Overview on page 214 Working with Predefined Setups Modes on page 214 Working with Data Patterns on page 215 Working wit...

Page 228: ...e is off or on Working with Predefined Setups Modes When you select a predefined mode default values for components of the setup including the filter symbol rate and modulation type are automatically...

Page 229: ...data generation of pseudorandom sequences pseudorandom noise sequences a pseudorandom noise sequence is a periodic binary sequence approximating in some sense a Bernoulli coin tossing process with eq...

Page 230: ...ed data pattern files can be created and modified using the signal generator s Bit File Editor or they can be created on a remote computer and moved to the signal generator for direct use these remote...

Page 231: ...TLED or UNTITLED1 and so forth This prevents overwriting previous files 3 Using the numeric keypad not the softkeys enter the 32 bit values shown Bit data is entered into the Bit File Editor in 1 bit...

Page 232: ...ot created and stored a user defined data file complete the steps in the previous section Creating a Data Pattern User File with the Bit File Editor on page 216 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode Custom Real...

Page 233: ...User File with the Bit File Editor on page 216 and Selecting a Data Pattern User File from the Catalog of Bit Files on page 218 Navigating the Bit Values of an Existing Data Pattern User File 1 Press...

Page 234: ...the steps in the previous section Creating a Data Pattern User File with the Bit File Editor on page 216 1 Press Apply Bit Errors 2 Press Bit Errors 5 Enter 3 Press Apply Bit Errors Notice both Bit Er...

Page 235: ...the period of time specified in bits that the start of the burst rise is delayed Rise delay can be either negative or positive Entering a delay other than zero shifts the full power point earlier or...

Page 236: ...nt channel power ACP increases when you turn bursting on you can adjust the burst shape to assist with troubleshooting Configuring the Burst Rise and Fall Parameters 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode Custom...

Page 237: ...to the signal generator For more information see the Keysight Signal Generators Programming Guide To Create and Store User Defined Burst Shape Curves Using this procedure you learn how to enter rise s...

Page 238: ...of the waveform s rise and fall characteristics Figure 7 2 NOTE To return the burst shape to the default conditions press Return Return Confirm Exit From Table Without Saving Restore Default Burst Sh...

Page 239: ...emory If you have not created and stored a user defined burst shape file complete the steps in the previous sections 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Burst Shape Burst Shape T...

Page 240: ...external is selected apply the reference frequency to the rear panel BASEBAND GEN REF IN connector Setting the External Frequency The BBG reference external frequency is used only when the BBG Ref Ex...

Page 241: ...Press BBG Data Clock Ext Int to select either external or internal When set to Ext external the DATA CLOCK connector is used to supply the BBG Data Clock When set to Int internal the internal data clo...

Page 242: ...signal generator s differential data encoding When set to Off data bits are not encoded prior to modulation When set to On data bits are encoded prior to modulation Differential encoding uses an excl...

Page 243: ...ins a fraction x is rounded up to the next whole number Where x bits per symbol and y the number of differential states The following illustration shows a 4QAM modulation I Q State Map Differential Da...

Page 244: ...stance differentially encoding the data stream containing 01010011001010 renders 1111010101111 Differential data encoding can be described by the following equation For a bit by bit illustration of th...

Page 245: ...The actual state to state transition depends on the state in which the modulation starts Example 2 transition 1 state backward Example 1 transition 1 state forward Example 3 transition 2 states forwar...

Page 246: ...r Custom Real Time I Q Baseband mode It is not available for waveforms generated by Arb Waveform Generator mode The signal generator s Differential State Map editor enables you to modify the different...

Page 247: ...rential Encoding This opens the Differential State Map editor At this point you see the data for the 1st symbol 00000000 and the cursor prepared to accept an offset value You are now prepared to creat...

Page 248: ...fourth symbol by adding a symbol table offset of 0 The symbol does not rotate through the state map when a data value of 11 is modulated NOTE At this point the modulation has two bits per symbol For...

Page 249: ...36 multiple satellite GPS Real Time GPS on page 243 single satellite GPS NOTE The Keysight Scenario Generator for GPS software Option 422 provides the ability to create custom scenario files for real...

Page 250: ...le MSGPS scenario files that include the following information simulated location city latitude longitude elevation simulated date and time scenario duration satellite IDs present in view in the scena...

Page 251: ...y to specify the number of satellites in the MSGPS simulation Figure 8 1 MSGPS Signal Generation Diagram Scenario Files When you install option 409 a GPS directory is created in the PSG non volatile m...

Page 252: ...ile into the USER GPS directory on the PSG NOTE Refer to the Programming Guide for more information on downloading files Downloading Scenario Files Using FTP LAN The following procedure describes how...

Page 253: ...ysight recommends setting the signal generator RF output power to between 70 and 80 dBm and using an 80 dB attenuator and a DC blocking device between the signal generator output and the antenna input...

Page 254: ...29 in the table the receiver is currently not tracking that satellite For more information refer to the following document available at http www nmea org pub 0183 NMEA 0183 Standard For Interfacing Ma...

Page 255: ...A summary of the scenario is displayed including the simulated location the date and time and the satellites in view 5 Press Number of Satellites and enter 5 to use only the first five satellites in v...

Page 256: ...panel connector BASEBAND GEN REF IN 2 Set the chip rate of the external clock to the desired value 3 Press Mode More 1 of 2 GPS Real Time MSGPS More 1 of 2 GPS Ref Clk Ext Int to Ext 4 Press GPS Ref f...

Page 257: ...urce The signal generator s pre defined GPS signal setup includes a C A ranging code a satellite ID of 1 zero doppler shift a 10 23 Mcps reference clock and the Raw data mode enabled using PN9 data Th...

Page 258: ...for BER and low level demodulation testing Enc The encoded Enc data mode enables the continuous transmission of 10 words per subframe with each word containing 24 bits of raw data and 6 trailing parit...

Page 259: ...ulse coincides with the beginning of each subframe starting with the second subframe and is synchronized to the RF output to compensate for any internal signal delay Chip Clock Reference The GPS refer...

Page 260: ...Figure 8 5 illustrates the timing relationships of the GPS signals available at the signal generator rear panel The AUX I O connector outputs the SYMBOL SYNC OUT DATA CLOCK OUT and DATA OUT signals re...

Page 261: ...rd NOTE If you select the encoded mode for a user file that incorporates parity bits the parity bits will be recomputed and their values changed Setting Up the Real Time GPS Signal If the signal gener...

Page 262: ...the data mode and a PN15 sequence as the data type The PN15 sequence was encoded with the C A code at 50 bps Using factory preset settings the C A chip rate is 1 023 Mcps with a clock reference of 10...

Page 263: ...Shift Data and Data Mode have not changed from the previous procedure Setting Up the Real Time GPS Signal on page 247 Figure 8 7 Real Time GPS Setup with External Clock This procedure used an externa...

Page 264: ...e GPS Figure 8 8 Setup for a Receiver Sensitivity Test 2 Set the GPS data mode to TLM 3 Set the power level on the PSG 4 Set the L band frequency on the PSG 5 Set up the UE user equipment to receive t...

Page 265: ...enerator In the following sections this chapter describes the multitone mode which is available only in E8267D PSG Vector Signal Generators with Option 601 or 602 Overview on page 252 Creating Viewing...

Page 266: ...device under test Multitone waveforms are created using the internal I Q baseband generator and stored in ARB memory for playback Although the multitone mode generates a high quality waveform a small...

Page 267: ...able editor you can define modify and store user defined multitone waveforms Multitone waveforms are generated by the dual arbitrary waveform generator 1 Preset the signal generator 2 Set the signal g...

Page 268: ...eform and its IMD products Actual key presses will vary depending on the model of spectrum analyzer you are using 1 Preset the spectrum analyzer 2 Set the carrier frequency to 20 GHz 3 Set the frequen...

Page 269: ...in the Power column for the tone in row 4 6 Press Edit Item 10 dB 7 Highlight the value 0 in the Phase column for the tone in row 4 8 Press Edit Item 123 deg 9 Press Apply Multitone NOTE Whenever a ch...

Page 270: ...what the multitone setup table display on the signal generator should look like after all steps have been completed The spectrum analyzer should display a waveform similar to the one shown in Figure 9...

Page 271: ...ging the I offset in the proper direction will reduce the feedthrough level Adjust the level as low as possible 4 Press Q Offset and turn the rotary knob to further reduce the carrier feedthrough leve...

Page 272: ...stribution function CCDF 1 Press Mode Multitone Initialize Table Number of Tones 64 Enter 2 Press Freq Spacing 20 kHz 3 Press Initialize Phase Fixed Random to Fixed 4 Press Done 5 Press Apply Multiton...

Page 273: ...of 2 Waveform Statistics Plot CCDF You should now see a display that is similar to the one shown in Figure 9 8 The CCDF plot displays the peak to average characteristics of the waveform with randomly...

Page 274: ...260 Keysight E8357D 67D E8663D PSG User s Guide Multitone Waveform Generator Creating Viewing and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms Figure 9 8 CCDF Plot with Random Phase Set Peak Power...

Page 275: ...enerator In the following sections this chapter describes the two tone mode which is available only in E8267D PSG vector signal generators with Option 601 or 602 Overview on page 262 Creating Viewing...

Page 276: ...analyzer and used as a reference when measuring the IMD generated by a device under test Two tone waveforms are created using the internal I Q baseband generator and stored in ARB memory for playback...

Page 277: ...tor as shown in Figure 10 1 Figure 10 1 Spectrum Analyzer Setup To Create a Two Tone Waveform This procedure describes how to create and a basic center aligned two tone waveform 1 Preset the signal ge...

Page 278: ...for a 10 dB scale with a 4 dBm reference 5 Adjust the resolution bandwidth to sufficiently reduce the noise floor to expose the IMD products A 9 1 kHz setting was used in our example 6 Turn on the pe...

Page 279: ...ill allow you to dynamically view the carrier feedthrough spike as you make adjustments 2 On the signal generator press I Q I Q Adjustments I Q Adjustments Off On to On 3 Press I Offset and turn the r...

Page 280: ...test Note that carrier feedthrough changes with time and temperature Therefore you will need to periodically readjust your I and Q offsets to keep your signal optimized Figure 10 4 To Change the Align...

Page 281: ...re the updated waveform will be generated When you apply a change the baseband generator creates a two tone waveform using the new settings and replaces the existing waveform in ARB memory 3 On the sp...

Page 282: ...268 Keysight E8357D 67D E8663D PSG User s Guide Two Tone Waveform Generator Creating Viewing and Modifying Two Tone Waveforms...

Page 283: ...ples for using the AWGN waveform generator which is available only in E8267D vector PSGs with Options 601 or 602 and Option 403 Arb Waveform Generator AWGN on page 270 Real Time I Q Baseband AWGN on p...

Page 284: ...g the fixed selection or random using the random selection When the AWGN generator is active an annunciator labeled AWGN is displayed on the front panel of the signal generator Arb Waveform Generator...

Page 285: ...ress Bandwidth 10 MHz Configuring the RF Output 1 Set the RF output frequency to 500 MHz 2 Set the output amplitude to 10 dBm 3 Press RF On Off Generating the Waveform Press AWGN Off On until On is hi...

Page 286: ...272 Keysight E8357D 67D E8663D PSG User s Guide AWGN Waveform Generator Configuring the AWGN Generator...

Page 287: ...y source module operation and features are described in the following sections N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Clock Timing on page 274 Connecting the Clock Source and the Device Under Test on...

Page 288: ...and data setup softkey menus The clock rate and sample rate are usually the same They will differ when serial mode is selected or when there are multiple clocks per sample Figure 12 1 Data Setup Menu...

Page 289: ...CMOS logic type yields the following values in serial mode Clock rate of 5 kHz through 150 MHz Sample rate of 1 kHz through 30 MHz Refer to Table 12 3 and Table 12 4 for the serial clock rates Table...

Page 290: ...rallel and parallel interleaved port configuration clock rates For Input mode the maximum clock rate is limited by the following factors sample size data type Table 12 4 Input Serial Clock Rates Logic...

Page 291: ...2 Figure 12 2 Clock Source Selection When you select a clock source you must let the N5102A module know the frequency of the clock signal using the Clock Rate softkey In the internal clock source mode...

Page 292: ...erence for all clock rates involved in the test setup This can be implemented in various ways see the five drawings in Figure 12 3 on page 279 but whatever way it is implemented the clock inside the s...

Page 293: ...Figure 12 3 Frequency Reference Setup Diagrams for the N5102A Module Clock Signal NOTE Use only one of the two signal generator frequency reference inputs Internally Generated Clock Device DUT Supplie...

Page 294: ...ant to accommodate the additional clock periods This reduces the sample rate relative to the clock rate by a factor equal to the clocks per sample selection For example when four is selected the sampl...

Page 295: ...ace Module 1 Sample Period 4 Clocks Per Sample 4 Clocks Sample rate decreases by a factor of four I sample Q sample Clock 4 bits per word 4 bits per word 1 Sample Period 2 Clocks Per Sample 2 Clocks I...

Page 296: ...still a valid parameter for parallel interleaved transmissions and creates a reduction in the sample rate relative to the clock rate The clocks per sample selection is the ratio of the reduction Figu...

Page 297: ...e Q sample is transmitted during the se Clock Q sample 4 bits per word I sample 4 bits per word clock periods the sample rate is decreased by a factor of four 1 Sample Period 2 Clocks Per Sample 2 Clo...

Page 298: ...90 degree resolution 0 90 180 and 270 degree selections for clock rates from 10 to 200 MHz and a 180 degree resolution 0 and 180 degree selections for clock rates below 10 MHz and greater than 200 MHz...

Page 299: ...s PSG N5102A module and the device under test Figure 12 8 shows an example setup where the signal generator supplies the common frequency reference and the N5102A module provides the clock to the devi...

Page 300: ...OTE If the Device Interface mating connector is used with the device under test refer to Figure 12 8 for the device interface connection and connect the device to the N5102A module Then proceed to Ope...

Page 301: ...as the data type will send filtered samples to the digital module at a rate between 50 MHz and 100 MHz Selecting Pre FIR Samples sends unfiltered samples to the digital module at a rate equal to the...

Page 302: ...ative to the selected logic type Because the PSG provides the baseband data the first procedure in operating the interface module is configuring the PSG using one of the real time or ARB modulation fo...

Page 303: ...e PSG display showing a setup where the N5102A module is generating its own internal clock signal This graphic changes to reflect the current clock source selection Figure 12 9 First Level Softkey Men...

Page 304: ...figuration are active Softkeys that are grayed out are not available for the current setup Refer to the help text to determine which parameter is causing the softkey to be unavailable To get help info...

Page 305: ...number of data lines used for both I and Q along with the clock position relative to the data When the port configuration is parallel or parallel interleaved the number of data lines indicated is equ...

Page 306: ...ation standard of the active modulation format This is the preset selection and the one most commonly used However if the device being tested already incorporates FIR filters the Pre FIR Samples selec...

Page 307: ...s or both The choice to use negation is dependent on the device being tested and how it needs to receive the data 8 Press the Gain Offset Scaling softkey Use the softkeys in this menu for the followin...

Page 308: ...ic changes to reflect the clock source selection discussed later in this procedure The bottom graphic shows the clock position relative to the data The displayed clock signal will change to reflect th...

Page 309: ...s Per Sample softkey Notice that multiple clocks per sample can be selected Some DACs require the ability to clock multiple times for each sample having a clocks per sample value greater than one redu...

Page 310: ...ection 6 Press the Clock Phase softkey From the menu that appears you can adjust the phase of the clock relative to the data in 90 degree increments The selections provide a coarse adjustment for posi...

Page 311: ...uring the negative clock transition This has the same affect as selecting the 180 degree phase adjustment 12 Make the clock polarity selection that is required for the device being tested 13 Press the...

Page 312: ...rmed Refer to Connecting the Clock Source and the Device Under Test on page 285 and configure the test setup Accessing the N5102A Module User Interface All parameters for the N5102A module are set wit...

Page 313: ...12 16 Press the Logic Type softkey From this menu choose a logic type CAUTION Changing the logic type can increase or decrease the signal voltage level To avoid damaging the device and or the N5102A m...

Page 314: ...17 Clock Setup Menu Location From this softkey menu set all of the clock parameters that synchronize the data between the N5102A module and the device From this menu the clock signal phase can be chan...

Page 315: ...specified clock rate under the clock setup menu Figure 12 18 Clock Setup Softkey Menu for a Parallel Port Configuration The top graphic on the display shows the current clock source that provides the...

Page 316: ...In connector For the Device selection the clock signal is supplied through the Device Interface connector generally by the device being tested If Internal is Selected Using an external frequency refe...

Page 317: ...ock relative to its current phase position The skew is a phase adjustment using increments of time This enables greater skew adjustment capability at higher clock rates For clock rates below 25 MHz th...

Page 318: ...or more information on all of the softkeys refer to the Keysight PSG Signal Generators Key Reference 1 Refer to Figure 12 19 Press the Data Setup softkey Figure 12 19 Data Setup Menu Location This sof...

Page 319: ...ion 3 Select the data type that is appropriate for the test needs 4 Press the Numeric Format softkey From this menu select how the binary values are represented Selecting 2 s complement allows both po...

Page 320: ...Use this softkey menu to adjust the I Q scaling and access filter parameters If the selected data type is Samples the Filter softkey is grayed out inactive Digital Data If the N5102A digital module is...

Page 321: ...omatic leveling or multiplier selection features then refer to the section Using Other Source Modules on page 309 The following is a list of equipment required for extending the frequency range of the...

Page 322: ...8357D 67D E8663D PSG User s Guide Peripheral Devices Millimeter Wave Source Modules Figure 12 21 E8257D PSG without Option 1EA 1EU or 521 Figure 12 22 Setup for E8267D PSG and E8257D PSG with Option 1...

Page 323: ...55x Source Module Off On softkey the MMOD indicator in the FREQUENCY area and the MM indicator in the AMPLITUDE area will appear on the signal generator s display 3 If the RF OFF annunciator is displa...

Page 324: ...up in Figure 12 24 Figure 12 23 E8257D PSG without Option 1EA 1EU or 521 Figure 12 24 Setup for E8267D PSG and E8257D PSG with Option 1EA 1EU or 521 Configuring the Signal Generator The following proc...

Page 325: ...tions in the Standard WR Freq Bands menu are pre defined frequency ranges and multipliers for the most common external source module frequency ranges They are provided for setup convenience If your so...

Page 326: ...312 Keysight E8357D 67D E8663D PSG User s Guide Peripheral Devices Millimeter Wave Source Modules...

Page 327: ...NOTE If the signal generator displays an error always read the error message text by pressing Utility Error Info RF Output Power Problems on page 314 No Modulation at the RF Output on page 320 Sweep...

Page 328: ...the Key Reference Marker section for more information NOTE If the default marker file is used ensure that the Pulse RF Blank softkey is set to None Markers may have been set to Pulse RF Blank by a pre...

Page 329: ...ee Signal Loss While Working with a Spectrum Analyzer on page 316 The Power Supply has Shut Down If the power supply is not working it requires repair or replacement There is no user replaceable power...

Page 330: ...dB attenuator to achieve the required 8 dBm amplitude at the mixer input Figure 13 2 Reverse Power Solution Compared to the original configuration the ALC level is 10 dB higher while the attenuator r...

Page 331: ...Turn the signal generator s automatic leveling control ALC off press Amplitude ALC Off On to Off 6 Monitor the RF output amplitude as measured by the power meter Press Amplitude and adjust the signal...

Page 332: ...l generator is tuned within the selected range of frequencies Span power search settings are only valid for a single power level Use the following steps to set the signal generator to manual fixed pow...

Page 333: ...n be found in the waveform header Refer to Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation The RMS voltage value can be set by the user or calculated by the signal generator NOTE The ARB RMS softkey is only availab...

Page 334: ...sed with either internally generated or externally supplied I Q modulation CAUTION Due to the time varying nature of the I Q data a modulated reference search can take longer to settle and be less acc...

Page 335: ...eiving the appropriate sweep trigger Try setting the Sweep Trigger softkey to Free Run to determine if a missing sweep trigger is blocking the sweep Is the signal generator receiving the appropriate p...

Page 336: ...to the next step 4 Observe if the Dwell Type List Step softkey is set to Step When Step is selected the signal generator will sweep the list points using the dwell time set for step sweep rather than...

Page 337: ...nerator 4 Turn on the signal generator 5 Observe the display for error messages If either error message 311 or 700 is stored in the error message queue the signal generator s battery has failed 6 Refe...

Page 338: ...lp modes single and continuous When you press Help in single mode the factory preset condition help text is provided for the next key you press Pressing another key will exit the help mode and activat...

Page 339: ...ich indicates that an operation is in progress Press Preset Cycle power on the signal generator Fail Safe Recovery Sequence Use the fail safe recovery sequence only if the previous suggestions do not...

Page 340: ...power Cycling power restores all previously installed options Because calibration files are restored from EEPROM you should see several error messages b Perform the DCFM DC M calibration Refer to the...

Page 341: ...th each error to further clarify its meaning The error messages are listed numerically In cases where there are multiple listings for the same error number the messages are in alphabetical order Error...

Page 342: ...dicate that a device operation did not properly complete possibly due to an abnormal hardware or firmware condition These codes are also used for self test response errors Errors in this class set the...

Page 343: ...rror Errors in this class set the command error bit bit 5 in the event status register IEEE 488 2 section 11 5 1 In this case Either an IEEE 488 2 syntax error has been detected by the parser a contro...

Page 344: ...t http www keysight com find assist You can also purchase E8257D 67D or E8663D PSG accessories or documentation items on the Internet at http www keysight com find psg If you do not have access to the...

Page 345: ...nerator s problem 2 Call the phone number listed on the Internet http www keysight com find assist that is specific to your geographic location If you do not have access to the Internet contact your f...

Page 346: ...332 Keysight E8357D 67D E8663D PSG User s Guide Troubleshooting Returning a Signal Generator to Keysight Technologies...

Page 347: ...7 A AC power receptacle 35 ACP 90 192 222 active entry area display 22 adding editing instrument state 73 adjustments display 18 ALC annunciator 22 bandwidth selection 145 limitations amplitude 148 of...

Page 348: ...37 138 258 CDMA 146 ceiling function bits per symbol 229 certificate license key 85 circular clipping 137 clipping CCDF curve 137 138 circular 135 137 concepts 133 137 procedure 137 138 rectangular 13...

Page 349: ...al 128 Delete Item softkey 47 Delete Row softkey 47 description adding editing instrument state 73 detector diode response 148 using 147 device clock source selection 295 302 DHCP 86 diagram data type...

Page 350: ...sequence 325 failures See troubleshooting fall delay burst shape 222 fall time burst shape 222 FAQ 1 features signal generator 2 feedthrough carrier minimizing 265 file headers ARB waveform 92 102 fil...

Page 351: ...205 232 scaling adjusting 227 I Q waveform clipping 133 139 scaling 140 142 I bar OUT connector 33 IMD See intermodulation distortion Incr Set hardkey 17 information additional PSG 1 protecting sensi...

Page 352: ...76 physical location 76 sanitizing 81 secure mode 82 size 76 types 76 waveform 76 writing to 76 menus marker 115 marker polarity 125 trigger 128 MENUS hardkeys 15 microwave amplifier 307 309 Millimete...

Page 353: ...109 269 noise bandwidth factor 109 non linear devices testing 252 262 non volatile memory 103 numeric format selection 292 305 numeric keypad 17 NVMKR files 71 nvwfm 103 NVWFM files 71 Nyquist filters...

Page 354: ...eaks 133 137 receptacle AC 35 search mode 317 supply troubleshooting 315 switch 19 PRAM 90 predefined filters 191 predefined modulation setups 187 214 pre fir samples selection 292 305 Preset hardkey...

Page 355: ...92 RS 232 connector 36 runtime scaling 142 S S service request annunciator 24 sample rates 274 rates parallel parallel intrlvd port configuration 276 rates serial port configuration 275 type selection...

Page 356: ...4 annunciator 24 DC detector 54 list 56 mode 10 ramp 59 67 RF output 54 scalar network analyzer 54 scalar pulse 54 step 55 trigger 58 troubleshooting 321 SWEEP OUT connector 38 sweep progress bar 54 s...

Page 357: ...aders 92 102 CCDF curve 137 138 clipping 133 139 custom 185 211 custom real time I Q baseband 213 234 DAC over range errors 140 142 file catalogs 71 interpolation 140 141 markers 111 multicarrier 186...

Page 358: ...This information is subject to change without notice Keysight Technologies 2004 2015 Edition 1 June 2015 E8251 90353 www keysight com...

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