- 6
-
snow, debris, and is well ventilated. Most batteries generate hydrogen gas when charging,
which can be explosive. Do not light matches or create sparks near the battery bank. When a
battery is installed outdoors, it should be placed in an insulated and ventilated battery case
specifically designed for the purpose.
Do not install the PV module in a location where it would be immersed in water or continually
exposed to water from a sprinkler or fountain etc.
2.2.3 Tilt
A
ngle
S
election
The tilt angle of the PV module is measured between the surface of the PV module and a
horizontal ground surface (Figure 1). The PV module generates maximum output power
when it faces the sun directly.
For standalone systems with batteries where the PV modules are attached to a permanent
structure, the tilt angle of the PV modules should be selected to optimize the performance
based on seasonal load and sunlight. In general, if the PV output is adequate when
irradiance is low (e.g., winter), then the angle chosen should be adequate during the rest of
the year. For grid-connected installations where the PV modules are attached to a permanent
structure, PV modules should be tilted so that the energy production from the PV modules will
be maximized on an annual basis.
Only for UL listed products .The System Fire
Class Rating of the module or panel in a mounting
system in combination with a roof covering should
complete the requirements to achieve the
specified System Fire Class Rating for a non-BIPV
module or panel.
Any module or panel mounting system have
limitations on inclination required to maintain a
specific System Fire Class Rating.
Figure1: PV module tilt angle
For bifacial modules, the suggested installation tilt angle and height is 30 degree and 1.2m,
respectively. For different ground cover conditions, like snow, grass, desert, water surface,
cement land and so on, the expectation generation energy gain varied from 4% to 24%,
as shown in figure 2.
i)
The reflectivity of snow is 80-85%, generation energy will be increased by 17-24%.
ii)
The
reflectivity of
sand
is 22-25%, generation energy will be increased by
7
-14%.
iii)
The reflectivity of cement is 30-33
%, generation energy will be increased by
6-13%.
iv)
The reflectivity of grass is 10-20
%, generation energy will be increased by 6-8
%.
v)
The reflectivity of water is 2-5
%, generation energy will be increased by 4-7
%.
