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Chapter 2

General Information

Before You Begin

Before proceeding with the disassembly procedure, make sure that you do the following:

1.  Turn off the power to the system and all peripherals.

2.  Unplug the AC adapter and all power and signal cables from the system.

Summary of Contents for DV-P505E

Page 1: ... DVD Player has been designed to prevent fire electrical shock injury or harmful radiation It has been legally fabricated in accordance with the Electrical Appliances Act Therefore when using the device please follow advice in this service guide to keep it safe to use 1 In brief 2 Features SPECIFICATIONS AND PARTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE FOR IMPROVEMENT April 2000 Digital Media Products Division Tok...

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Page 3: ... internal wiring is kept a distance from hot or high voltage parts by clamps or routing Please restore them as initially done to prevent electric shock or fire from happening You should be cautious against electric shock Please be careful during operations because there are high voltage and recharging parts inside An electric shock or death may happen by touching them When disassembling assembling...

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Page 5: ...CK CIRCUITS 13 Troubleshooting 16 VIDEO CIRCUIT 16 AUDIO CIRCUIT 17 About System Reset Function 20 System Utility 20 Chapter 2 Removal and Replacement 21 General Information 22 Before You Begin 22 Disassembly Procedure Flowchart 23 Disassembly Procedure 24 Removing the Top Cover 24 Removing the Foot Stand 24 Removing the Front Panel 25 Removing the MPEG Control Board 26 Removing the Power Supply B...

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Page 7: ...put level 1Vp p 75Ω C output level NTSC 0 286Vp p 75Ω PAL 0 3Vp p 75Ω Output terminal S terminal Video output Output level 1 Vp p synchronous when loaded at 75Ω output terminal pin jack Audio output Output level 200mVrms lkHz 20dB Mixed 2ch output 1 system pin jack x 2 5 1ch output 1 system pin jack x 6 Sound characteristics Frequency characteristics CD 4Hz 20kHz EIAJ DVD 4Hz 22kHz 48k sampling 4H...

Page 8: ...l Y output level 1Vp p 75Ω C output level NTSC 0 286Vp p 75Ω PAL 0 3Vp p 75Ω Output terminal S terminal Video output Output level 1 Vp p synchronous when loaded at 75Ω Output terminal pin jack Audio output Output level 200mVrms lkHz 20dB Mixed 2ch output 1 system pin jack x 2 5 1ch output 1 system pin jack x 6 Sound characteristics Frequency characteristics CD 4Hz 20kHz EIAJ DVD 4Hz 22kHz 48k samp...

Page 9: ...CD CD DVD TRACK TITLE CHAPTER ANGLE REPEATALLA B RANDOM PROGRAM PBC TOTAL REMAINTIME Linear PCM Dolby Digital MPEG Audio VIRTUAL H M kHz bit S FRONT Lights if the stop position is in memory Indicates the Track or Title number being played Indicates the elapsed time or remaining time of the disc Indicates the Audio Type being played Indicates the play status Indicates the Chapter number Indicates t...

Page 10: ...4 Chapter 1 Rear Panel S S Y R B P P OUT AC DV P505U U PX 335A131 335A132 c c AC DV P505E E UK ...

Page 11: ...en to the speakers Video is decoded and output as YCBCR pixels to video encoder IC2201 Reference Clock of each IC IC Reference Clock IC1201 A V PROCESSOR System clock and video interface clock are input from X1201 27MHz X TAL Audio interface clock is output at 39 pin named DA XCK to Audio DAC IC1601 FLASH MEMORY Nil Control signal is generated by IC1201 IC1202 IC1203 BUFFER RAM Nil Control signal ...

Page 12: ... Two 16Mbits SDRAM are used A V processor controls it and it is used to decompress audio and video compressed by MPEG 4 EEPROM IC1604 Video circuit DEC substrate 8bit YCRCB digital video stream Parallel output from A V processor are input to video encoder ADV7170 IC2201 Video encoder is preset in master mode that generates reference signals and receives 27MHz from system clock X1 and outputs Horiz...

Page 13: ...or Output at 15 16 pins In addition when power is turned ON RESET signal Input of L level at 22 pin is input to reset the register in IC Moreover writing in the internal register presetting is done via I2C BUS 23 24 pins 3 ENCODER SECTOR The following a c data are inserted in VIDEO DATA according to preset conditions in the internal register a Closed caption NTSC Mode 21 lines and 284 lines PAL Mo...

Page 14: ...SIGNALS 1 Case of SQUEEZE SIGNAL 1 H level voltage is input in SQUEEZE INPUT Q2212 and Q2213 are powered and 4V DC voltage is superposed on C signal output line 2 Case of LETTER BOX SIGNAL 2 H level voltage is input in LETTER INPUT Q2209 Q2210 and Q2211 are powered and 1 8V DC voltage is superposed on C signal output line 1 1 It is a laterally shrunk image information with 525 lines and an aspect ...

Page 15: ...d FR signals of sampling frequencies 44 1 48 96KHz and data lengths16 20 24bit and digital audio signals from A V processor is input at pin 2 To these digital audio signals are inserted FL and FR signals in time sharing mode When they are input in pin 1 they are separated in FL and FR signals by R clock and after transformation analog FL signals are output at pin 16 and FR signals at pin 13 Moreov...

Page 16: ...it is the erasing of useless noises occurring when power is turned on Mute signal for noise erasing is generated by IC1201 reverse amplified by Q2501 and Q2502 Then by putting Q1310 and Q1311 ON it mutes audio signals In addition if IC1501 detects no signal it generate a mute signal called ZERO MUTE This latter is reverse amplified by Q1501 and mutes useless audio signals by putting Q1310 and Q131...

Page 17: ...Chapter 1 11 AUDIO CIRCUIT ...

Page 18: ... photo coupler PHC1 to primary side and maintains stable output voltage and is supplied to FL MICOM and ultra red reception element S5V output is from A5V output and by intermediary of output control circuit Q7 S4 5V is output from S5V diode D12 D13 and C16 compose secondary commutating circuit of S12 that is for DVD ROM drive use D13 and C16 compose secondary commutating circuits of S8V that is o...

Page 19: ...rresponds to sampling frequencies fs 44 1kHz CD DA Video CD 48kHz 96kHz DVD The frequency of TBCK is defined by Formula 1 f TBCK Audio data bit length 2 fs 1 At A V decoder interior DA XCK is divided into 8 equal parts and output as TBCK Formula 2 f TBCK f DA XCK 8 2 Therefore DA XCX frequency takes the value 384fs according to formulas 1 and 2 Audio data bit length is fixed 24bit Formula 3 f DA X...

Page 20: ...14 Chapter 1 T Sampling frequency 96kHz for DVD DA XCK 384 fs 36 864MHz TBCK DA XCK 8 4 608MHz TWS TBCK 48 96kHz fs ...

Page 21: ...Chapter 1 15 ...

Page 22: ...UTPUT SECTOR PG1302 J1307 J1302 J1306 J1361 OF RJK PWB No No ARE SIGNALS OUTPUT FROM IC2201 pins 26 27 31 32 Yes CHECK Q2202 Q2203 Q2204 Q2205 Q2206 No ARE SIGNALS IC2201 pins 15 16 17 23 24 No CHECK IC1201 Yes 5V AT IC2201 pins 1 11 20 28 30 37 VDD No CHECK POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT Yes IS VOLTAGE AT IC2201 pin 22 RESET H LEVEL No CHECK IC1201 Yes IS CLOCK IN IC2201 pin 44 No CHECK X1 Yes REPLACE IC22...

Page 23: ...SIGNALS AT IC1501 4 pins 6 7 8 Yes BREAKDOWN OF IC1501 4 No BREAKDOWN OF IC1201 IS Q2501 BASE VOLTAGE 0V IS Q2502 COLLECTOR VOLTAGE 8V BREAKDOWN OF Q2501 Q2502 Yes IS IC1501 4 pin10 VOLTAGE 5V BREAKDOWN OF IC1501 IC1504 Yes IS Q1501 Q1502 Q1503 COLLECTOR VOLTAGE 8V BREAKDOWN OF Q1501 Q1502 Q1503 No Yes Yes ARE SIGNALS AT IC1508 IC1511 IC1513 pins 1 7 BREAKDOWN OF IC1508 IC1511 IC1513 No No No No A...

Page 24: ...TE13461 FUSE 108 UQ22621 MECHA ASSY DVD 109 TA14171 RESISTOR FUSIBLE R34 110 TE13531 CORD POWER U 110 TE13541 CORD POWER E 110 TE13551 CORD POWER UK 111 TJ14111 PANEL FRONT U 111 TJ14112 PANEL FRONT E UK 112 TJ14131 COVER TOP U 112 TJ14132 COVER TOP E UK 113 TJ14151 PANEL TRAY U 113 TJ14152 PANEL TRAY E UK 114 TJ14261 PANEL REAR U 114 TJ14262 PANEL REAR E UK 115 TJ14271 BUTTON U 115 TJ14272 BUTTON...

Page 25: ...Chapter 1 19 ...

Page 26: ...ystem utility 1 Power on the system and press the OPEN CLOSE button to open the DVD ROM tray 2 Place the version up CD R disc into the DVD ROM 3 The DVD player will read the CD R disc and upgrade the system utility version after about 40 seconds the DVD ROM tray will open automatically 4 Take out the version up CD R disc 5 Pull out the power cord then plug it again 6 Press the POWER STANDBY button...

Page 27: ...t grounding strap and conductive mat for preventing electrostatic discharge T Flat bladed screwdriver T Phillips screwdriver T Tweezers T Flat bladed screwdriver or plastic stick NOTE The screws for the different components vary in size During the disassembly process group the screws with the corresponding components to avoid mismatch when putting back the components Removal and Replacement Chapte...

Page 28: ...on Before You Begin Before proceeding with the disassembly procedure make sure that you do the following 1 Turn off the power to the system and all peripherals 2 Unplug the AC adapter and all power and signal cables from the system ...

Page 29: ... the components that need to be removed during servicing For example if you want to remove the system board you must first remove the keyboard then disassemble the inside assembly frame in that order START TOP COVER FRONT PANEL W Foot Stand MPEG CONTROL BD POWER SUPPLY BD OUTLET BD FRONT PANEL CONTROL BD FSW MICROPHONE VOLUME CONTROL BD MVR MICROPHONE JACK BD FJK DVD ROM ...

Page 30: ...ine and three screws from the rear side 2 Use your hands to pull out the two sides of the top cover 3 First lift the top cover up lightly to release it from the front panel clicks and then lift it up and move it away Removing the Foot Stand 1 Detach the screw from the foot stand and remove the foot stand ...

Page 31: ... the power supply board 3 Turn the machine over to remove the screw at the bottom of the front panel 4 There is a plastic screw at the bottom side of the machine use a screwdriver to slide the DVD ROM tray out by turning the screw clockwise 5 Use your fingers to slide up the DVD ROM tray cover then push the tray back inside ...

Page 32: ...ottom side and two sides of the machine 7 Pull the front panel out slightly Removing the MPEG Control Board 1 Disconnect the five cables and remove the four screws from the MPEG control board as shown below 2 Remove the MPEG control board away ...

Page 33: ...ews of the power socket on the rear panel of the machine 3 Slightly lift up the power supply board to remove it from the machine Removing the DVD ROM Drive 1 Detach the two screws on the daugther board and four screws from each side of the DVD ROM drive and set it aside 2 Disconnect the power cable and the IDE cable from the DVD ROM drive ...

Page 34: ...ove the four screws to detach the DVD ROM shield and two EMI shields from the bottom of the DVD ROM drive Removing the Outlet Board 1 Disconnect the two cables and remove the three screws from the outlet board 2 Remove the eight screws from the rear panel of the machine 3 Remove the outlet boards away ...

Page 35: ... five screws from the front panel control board FSW board 2 Remove the three screws from the microphone volume control board MVR board 3 Slightly lift up the front panel control boards then separate the two boards by detaching the connection connector as shown below ...

Page 36: ...30 Chapter 2 Connector Location ...

Page 37: ...Chapter 2 31 ...

Page 38: ...32 Chapter 2 ...

Page 39: ...Appendix A 33 Schematics Appendix A ...

Page 40: ...7 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 1 5 7 1 5 8 1 5 9 1 6 0 1 6 1 1 6 2 1 6 3 1 6 4 1 6 5 1 6 6 1 6 7 1 6 8 1 6 9 1 7 0 1 7 1 1 7 2 1 7 3 1 7 4 1 7 5 1 7 6 1 7 7 1 7 8 1 7 9 1 8 0 1 8 1 1 8 2 1 8 3 1 8 4 1 8 5 1 8 6 1 8 7 1 8 8 1 8 9 1 9 ...

Page 41: ...3 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 VCC DQ0 DQ1 VSSQ DQ2 DQ3 VCCQ DQ4 DQ5 VSSQ DQ6 DQ7 VCCQ DQML W E CAS RAS CS A11 A10 A0 A1 A2 A3 VCC VSS A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 NC CKE CLK D Q M U NC VCCQ DQ8 DQ9 VSSQ DQ10 DQ11 VCCQ DQ12 DQ13 VSSQ DQ14 DQ15 VSS IC1203 HM5216165 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 4...

Page 42: ...R3 1 2 R1102 47R3 1 2 R1103 47R3 1 2 R1104 47R3 1 2 R1105 47R3 1 2 R1106 47R3 1 2 R1107 47R3 1 2 R1108 47R3 1 2 R1109 47R3 1 2 R1110 4K7R3 1 2 R1111 4K7R3 1 2 PG1101 CONN HDD40A 1 3 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 5 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 R1112 33R3 1 2 R1113 33R3 1 2 R1114 33R3 1 2 RA1101 SRN47 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 RA1102 SRN47 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 RA1103 S...

Page 43: ...47R3 1 2 R1222 47R3 1 2 C1235 SC15P C1620 SCD1U D1601 1N4148 1 2 R1609 10KR3 1 2 C1617 E47U 1 2 IC1605A SOHC14 1 1 2 14 7 IC1605C SOHC14 1 5 6 14 7 IC1605B SOHC14 1 3 4 14 7 IC1605F SOHC14 1 13 12 14 7 IC1605D SOHC14 1 9 8 14 7 D1203 1N4148 1 2 R1223 10KR3 1 2 IC1605E SOHC14 1 11 10 14 7 C1253 E47U 1 2 C1605 SCD1U R1217 47R3 1 2 C1232 SC12P C1231 SC12P IC1204A SOHC04 1 1 2 14 7 IC1204B SOHC04 1 3 ...

Page 44: ...2252 100KR3 1 2 R2240 100R3 1 2 Q2206 2SA1037AK 3 2 1 R2241 330R3 1 2 R2242 680R3 1 2 D2206 DA228 1 2 3 1 287 1 5 5 Q2209 DTC124EE 2 1 3 R2209 10KR3 1 2 1 287 5 5 1 Q2210 DTA124EE 2 1 3 Q2211 2SC4617R U 2 1 3 R2212 22KR3 1 2 R2211 27KR3 1 2 1 287 1 5 5 Q2212 DTC124EE 2 1 3 R2213 10KR3 1 2 1 287 5 5 1 Q2213 DTA124EE 2 1 3 R2214 10KR3 1 2 R2215 10KR3 1 2 R2216 47R3 1 2 1 287 1 5 5 Q2214 DTC124EE 2 1...

Page 45: ...1 5 5 Q2501 DTC124EKA 2 1 3 5 Q2502 DTA143EKA 2 3 1 R2503 47KR3 1 2 R2504 2K2R3 1 2 Q1501 DTA124EKA 3 2 1 R1507 47KR3 1 2 C1508 E10U 1 2 C2502 SCD1U C3501 E10U 1 2 C1509 E47U 1 2 C3502 SCD1U C3503 SCD1U C3504 SCD1U C1506 E47U 1 2 IC1501 PCM1716 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 LRCIN DIN BCKIN CLKO XTI XTO DGND VDD VCC2R AGND2R EXTR NC VOUTR AGND1 VCC1 VOUT...

Page 46: ...8R3 1 2 C1408 SC1000P50V3KX C1417 SCD1U C1407 SC1000P50V3KX R1409 1K8R3 1 2 C1409 E10U 1 2 C1410 E10U 1 2 IC1402 BA4560F 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 OUT1 IN1 IN1 VEE VCC OUT2 IN2 IN2 PG2403 JST CON4 1 2 3 4 Q1402 DTA124EKA 3 2 1 R1426 47KR3 1 2 R1434 0R3 0 U 1 2 R1435 0R3 0 U 1 2 R1436 0R3 0 U 1 2 R1428 220KR3 1 2 C1419 E10U 1 2 C1418 E10U 1 2 R1430 18KR3 1 2 R1429 18KR3 1 2 R1433 4K7R3 1 2 R1431 10KR3 1 2 C1...

Page 47: ...404 TP 2 TL2405 TP 2 TL2406 TP 2 IC1606 SOF138 1 2 3 6 4 5 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 7 16 8 A B C G1 G2A G2B Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 VCC GND IC1607 SOF374 3 4 7 8 13 14 17 18 1 11 2 5 6 9 12 15 16 19 20 10 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 OC CLK Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 VCC GND IC1608 SOF374 3 4 7 8 13 14 17 18 1 11 2 5 6 9 12 15 16 19 20 10 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 OC CLK Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 VCC GND R1612 DUM...

Page 48: ...V 1 1 2 R1543 27KR5 1 2 R1544 27KR5 1 2 IC1508A BA4560F 3 2 1 8 4 IC1510A BA4560F 3 2 1 8 4 IC1508B BA4560F 5 6 7 8 4 IC1510B BA4560F 5 6 7 8 4 C1567 E47U16V 1 1 2 R1533 2K2R5 1 2 D1502 HSM2836C 2 1 3 C3501 E10U16V 1 1 2 Q1510 DTC323TK 3 1 2 Q1511 DTC323TK 3 1 2 R1585 120KR5 1 2 R1586 120KR5 1 2 R1587 120KR5 1 2 C1332 CD01U50V R1588 68KR5 1 2 C1334 E10U16V 1 1 2 R1589 56KR5 1 2 C1335 CD015U50V R15...

Page 49: ...1593 E100U16V 1 1 2 R1583 82KR5 1 2 C1595 CD15U50V R1551 2K2R5 1 2 C1597 SC470P50V5MX R1553 39KR5 1 2 R1555 36KR5 1 2 C2503 SC56P50V5JN IC1512A BA4560F 3 2 1 8 4 C2501 E100U16V 1 1 2 C2502 E100U16V 1 1 2 R2531 47KR5 1 2 R1552 2K2R5 1 2 R1582 82KR5 1 2 C1598 SC470P50V5MX C2504 SC56P50V5JN R1556 36KR5 1 2 R1554 39KR5 1 2 C2506 E10U16V 1 1 2 R2532 47KR5 1 2 R1557 150R5 1 2 R1570 100KR5 1 2 C2509 CD01...

Page 50: ...4 IC1514B BA4560F 5 6 7 8 4 R2534 47KR5 1 2 C3003 E100U16V 1 1 2 C3004 E100U16V 1 1 2 IC1588A BA4560F 3 2 1 8 4 C2526 E10U16V 1 1 2 C2510 CD047U50V 1 R1351 0R 1 2 R1352 0R 1 2 PG1301 SMKCON21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 G5 GNDPAD 1 G6 GNDPAD 1 G7 GNDPAD 1 G8 1 G9 1 G10 1 G11 1 G12 1 G13 1 G14 1 G15 1 G16 1 G17 1 G18 1 G19 1 G20 1 G21 1 G22 1 G23 1 C1399 SCD01U50V5MX C1397...

Page 51: ...R1316 470R5 1 2 R1319 470R5 1 2 D1303 HSM2838C 2 1 3 R1580 680R5 1 2 R1315 270R5 1 2 R1579 680R5 1 2 R1314 270R5 1 2 J1304 RCA JACK12 3 2 1 6 5 4 7 J1305 RCA JACK12 3 2 1 6 5 4 7 D1504 HSM2836C 2 1 3 D1505 HSM2836C 2 1 3 R2450 5K6R5 1 2 C1317 C1500P50V C1318 C1500P50V C1312 C1000P50V C1313 C1000P50V C1314 C1000P50V C1316 CD1U50V ZD1303 SDC MA3020 T 3 1 2 R2530 4K7R5 1 2 ZD1305 SDC MA3020 T 3 1 2 Z...

Page 52: ...Monday March 20 2000 Title Size Document Number Rev Date Sheet of P W S W P W S W STBLED P W R L E D P W R L E D STBLED VR GND VR GND S1761 SKHUBB3420 HT 1 2 PG1764 JST CON6 4 6 5 4 3 2 1 LD1761 LED RG 2 3 1 2 R1725 270R 1 2 R1726 270R 1 2 G1 GNDPAD 1 G2 GNDPAD 1 G3 GNDPAD 1 G4 GNDPAD 1 C1772 CD1U50V 2 ...

Page 53: ... 2 2 S W 3 3 S W 4 4 DOUT 5 DIN 6 IC 7 CLK 8 STB 9 KEY1 10 KEY2 11 KEY3 12 KEY4 13 V D D 1 4 S E G 1 K S 1 1 5 S E G 2 K S 2 1 6 S E G 3 K S 3 1 7 S E G 4 K S 4 1 8 S E G 5 K S 5 1 9 S E G 6 K S 6 2 0 S E G 7 K S 7 2 1 S E G 8 K S 8 2 2 S E G 9 K S 9 2 3 S E G 1 0 K S 1 0 2 4 S E G 1 1 K S 1 1 2 5 S E G 1 2 K S 1 2 2 6 SEG13 GRID16 27 SEG14 GRID15 28 SEG15 GRID14 29 SEG16 GRID13 30 SEG17 GRID12 31...

Page 54: ...7 6 5 4 3 2 1 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 R3317 100KR5 1 2 C1382 E100U16V 1 1 2 C3310 SCD01U50V5MX C3312 SCD01U50V5MX C3316 SCD01U50V5MX C3318 SCD01U50V5MX C3320 SCD01U50V5MX R3324 0R5 1 2 R3326 0R5 1 2 R3325 0R5 1 2 C1373 COIL 100UH 3U 1 2 C1351 SC1000P50V5KX C1327 SC1000P50V5KX C1381 SCD1U25V5KX R1381 56KR 1 2 R3305 68R5F 1 2 R3303 68R5F 1 2 R3311 100KR 1 2 R3313 100KR 1 2 R3319 100KR 1 2 R3321 100KR ...

Page 55: ...2 GNDPAD 1 TL1373 GNDPAD 1 TL1363 GNDPAD 1 C1370 SC1000P50V5KX C1371 SC1000P50V5KX C1360 E100U16V 1 1 2 C1362 E100U16V 1 1 2 JB02 FBM3225 1 2 CN1381 JST CON3 4 3 2 1 L1361 FBM3225 1 2 TL1361 GNDPAD 1 C1375 SC1000P50V5KX TL1390 GNDPAD 1 TL1391 GNDPAD 1 TL1392 GNDPAD 1 TL1393 GNDPAD 1 TL1394 GNDPAD 1 C1372 SC1000P50V5KX C1366 SC1000P50V5KX C1361 SCD1U25V5KX C1363 SCD1U25V5KX C1364 SC1000P50V5KX C136...

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Page 58: ...DV P505U DV P505E DV P505E UK DV P505U PX TK No 9002E Digital Media Products Division Tokai Copylight Hitachi Ltd 2000 All rights reserved Printed in TAIWAN ...

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