TABLE of CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1
T
HEORY OF
O
PERATION
....................................................................................................................................... 1
2. INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................................................... 2
2.1
P
RELIMINARY
ESTS
............................................................................................................................................ 2
2.2
S
ENSOR ASSEMBLY
.............................................................................................................................................. 2
2.3
D
EFORMATION
M
ETER
I
NSTALLATION
................................................................................................................ 4
2.3.1 Installation in Boreholes ............................................................................................................................. 4
2.3.2 Installation in Mass Concrete ..................................................................................................................... 5
2.3.3 Installation in Fills and Embankments – Soil Strain Gauges ...................................................................... 5
2.4
C
ABLE
NSTALLATION AND
PLICING
.................................................................................................................. 6
2.5
NITIAL
R
EADINGS
............................................................................................................................................... 6
2.6
E
LECTRICAL
N
OISE
.............................................................................................................................................. 6
2.7
L
IGHTNING
ROTECTION
..................................................................................................................................... 7
3. TAKING READINGS ............................................................................................................................................. 8
3.1
GK-404
EADOUT
B
OX
....................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.1 Operating the GK-404 ................................................................................................................................ 8
3.2
GK-405
....................................................................................................................................... 9
3.2.1 Connecting Sensors with 10-pin Bulkhead Connectors Attached ............................................................... 9
3.2.2 Connecting Sensors with Bare Leads .......................................................................................................... 9
3.2.3 Operating the GK-405 ................................................................................................................................ 9
3.3
GK-403
(O
BSOLETE
ODEL
) .................................................................................................... 10
3.3.1 Connecting Sensors with 10-pin Bulkhead Connectors Attached ............................................................. 10
3.3.2 Connecting Sensors with Bare Leads ........................................................................................................ 10
3.3.3 Operating the GK-403 .............................................................................................................................. 10
3.4
EASURING
EMPERATURES
............................................................................................................................. 10
4. DATA REDUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 11
4.1
ALCULATION
........................................................................................................................... 11
4.2
EMPERATURE
ORRECTION
............................................................................................................................. 13
4.3
NVIRONMENTAL
F
ACTORS
............................................................................................................................... 14
5. TROUBLESHOOTING ........................................................................................................................................ 15
APPENDIX A. SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................................................................... 17
A.1
4430
................................................................................................................ 17
A.2
HERMISTOR
(
SEE
A
PPENDIX
ALSO
) .............................................................................................................. 17
APPENDIX B. THERMISTOR TEMPERATURE DERIVATION ..................................................................... 18
Page 1: ...eans without the written consent of Geokon The information contained herein is believed to be accurate and reliable However Geokon assumes no responsibility for errors omissions or misinterpretation The information herein is subject to change without notification Copyright 1988 2019 by Geokon Doc Rev L 1 09 2019 ...
Page 2: ......
Page 3: ...nnel There are no warranties except as stated herein There are no other warranties expressed or implied including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and of fitness for a particular purpose Geokon is not responsible for any damages or losses caused to other equipment whether direct indirect incidental special or consequential which the purchaser may experience as a result ...
Page 4: ......
Page 5: ...he GK 404 8 3 2 GK 405 READOUT BOX 9 3 2 1 Connecting Sensors with 10 pin Bulkhead Connectors Attached 9 3 2 2 Connecting Sensors with Bare Leads 9 3 2 3 Operating the GK 405 9 3 3 GK 403 READOUT BOX OBSOLETE MODEL 10 3 3 1 Connecting Sensors with 10 pin Bulkhead Connectors Attached 10 3 3 2 Connecting Sensors with Bare Leads 10 3 3 3 Operating the GK 403 10 3 4 MEASURING TEMPERATURES 10 4 DATA RE...
Page 6: ...AL CALIBRATION SHEET 12 TABLES TABLE 1 ENGINEERING UNITS CONVERSION MULTIPLIERS 11 TABLE 2 THERMAL COEFFICIENT CALCULATION CONSTANTS 13 TABLE 3 SAMPLE RESISTANCE 16 TABLE 4 RESISTANCE WORK SHEET 16 TABLE 5 MODEL 4430 SPECIFICATIONS 17 TABLE 6 THERMISTOR RESISTANCE VERSUS TEMPERATURE 18 EQUATIONS EQUATION 1 DIGITS CALCULATION 11 EQUATION 2 DEFORMATION CALCULATION 11 EQUATION 3 THERMALLY CORRECTED D...
Page 7: ... one end and by a connecting rod of some length to a flange at the other end The sensor and the rod are covered by a plastic PVC tube which holds the end flanges apart at a predetermined distance gauge length and insures that the rod is free to move As the flanges move apart the movement is conveyed by the connecting rod to the sensor and measured by the readout system Different combinations of ga...
Page 8: ... continuity can also be made using an ohmmeter Resistance between the gauge leads should be approximately 180Ω 10Ω Remember to add cable resistance when checking 22 AWG stranded copper leads have a resistance of approximately 14 7Ω per 1000 feet or 48 5Ω per kilometer Multiply these factors by two to account for both directions Resistance between the green and white conductors should be approximat...
Page 9: ...und the connecting rod on both sides of the spacer using the provided electrical tape Item 13 5 Install the coupling to slip joint tube Item 9 into the slip joint until the painted mark aligns with the other side of the slip joint and tighten the nylon set screws Item 16 Note Depending on the gauge length this tube may couple directly to the shaft end flange Item 4 6 For longer gauge lengths coupl...
Page 10: ...ned slightly downward to make for easy grouting and to avoid air pockets Vertical up holes require special grouting apparatus and snap ring or hydraulic anchors on the gauge to hold it in place while grouting the hole Horizontal and vertical down holes are instrumented as follows Drill the borehole at least 0 5 meters two feet beyond the location of the deepest flange The borehole must be a minimu...
Page 11: ...cing the unit in shallow horizontal trenches in the fill Multiple sensors can be installed in series to give a total deformation profile along a particular axis as in a dam or highway embankment Cables issue out of the side of the devise so that the flanges can be linked together easily Downstream Deformation Meters Reservoir Figure 5 Installation Along Crest of Dam A narrow flat bottom trench sho...
Page 12: ...o color Splice kits recommended by Geokon incorporate casts which are placed around the splice and are then filled with epoxy to waterproof the connections When properly made this type of splice is equal or superior to the cable in strength and electrical properties Contact Geokon for splicing materials and additional cable splicing instructions Cables may be terminated by stripping and tinning th...
Page 13: ... and multiplexers available from Geokon provide locations for installation of these components Lighting arrestor boards and enclosures are available from Geokon that install near the instrument The enclosure has a removable top If the protection board LAB 3 is damaged the user may service the components or replace the board A connection is made between this enclosure and earth ground to facilitate...
Page 14: ... the sensor conductors with blue representing the shield bare To turn the GK 404 on press the ON OFF button on the front panel of the unit The initial startup screen will be displayed After approximately one second the GK 404 will start taking readings and display them based on the settings of the POS and MODE buttons The unit display from left to right is as follows The current Position Set by th...
Page 15: ...le connector until it locks into place 3 2 2 Connecting Sensors with Bare Leads Attach the GK 403 2 flying leads to the bare leads of a Geokon vibrating wire sensor by connecting each of the clips on the leads to the matching colors of the sensor conductors with blue representing the shield bare 3 2 3 Operating the GK 405 Press the button labeled POWER ON BLUETOOTH A blue light will begin blinking...
Page 16: ...e one or two digits while reading See Section 4 for data reduction 4 The thermistor reading will be displayed above the gauge reading in degrees centigrade 5 Press the Store button to record the value displayed If the no reading displays or the reading is unstable see Section 5 for troubleshooting suggestions The unit will automatically turn off after approximately two minutes to conserve power 3 ...
Page 17: ...btained at installation see Section 2 5 G is the Calibration Factor usually in terms of millimeters or inches per digit F is an engineering units conversion factor optional see Table 1 From To Inches Feet Millimeters Centimeter s Meters Inches 1 12 0 03937 0 3937 39 37 Feet 0 0833 1 0 003281 0 03281 3 281 Millimeters 25 4 304 8 1 10 1000 Centimeters 2 54 30 48 0 10 1 100 Meters 0 0254 0 3048 0 001...
Page 18: ...12 Figure 10 A Typical Calibration Sheet ...
Page 19: ...ition of the transducer shaft The first step in the temperature correction process is determination of the proper Thermal Coefficient based on the following equation Thermal Coefficient Reading in Digits Multiplier Constant Calibration Factor Or K R1 M B G Equation 4 Thermal Coefficient Calculation See Table 2 for the Multiplier and Constant values used in Equation 4 The Multiplier M and Constant ...
Page 20: ...785 4250 0 004457 20 10 0 0137 0 1268 Dcorrected 2535 0 004457 10 0 0137 0 1268 Dcorrected 11 298 0 137 0 1268 Dcorrected 11 56 mm As can be seen from the above example the corrections for temperature change are small and can often be ignored 4 3 Environmental Factors Since the purpose of the Deformation Meter installation is to monitor site conditions factors which may affect these conditions sho...
Page 21: ...sducer shaft is fully retracted with the alignment pin inside the alignment slot the readings will likely be unstable because the vibrating wire is under tensioned Is there a source of electrical noise nearby Likely candidates are generators motors arc welding equipment high voltage lines etc If possible move the instrument cable away from power lines and electrical equipment or install electronic...
Page 22: ... infinite infinite infinite White infinite infinite N A 3000Ω at 25 C infinite Green infinite infinite 3000Ω at 25 C N A infinite Shield infinite infinite infinite infinite N A Table 3 Sample Resistance Vibrating Wire Sensor Lead Grid SENSOR NAME Red Black White Green Shield Red Black White Green Shield Table 4 Resistance Work Sheet ...
Page 23: ... Temperature Range 20 to 80 C Frequency Range 1200 2800 Hz Coil Resistance 180 Ω 10 Ω Cable Type 2 Two twisted pair four conductor 22 AWG Foil shield PVC jacket nominal OD 6 3 mm 0 250 Length end to end One meter 40 inches Diameter 26 7 mm 1 050 body 51 mm 2 flange Weight 1 kg 2 2 lbs Table 5 Model 4430 Specifications Notes 1 Consult the factory for other lengths and ranges available 2 Consult the...
Page 24: ...2 83 107 9 123 77 66K 36 8006 4 1363 44 331 5 84 105 2 124 72 81K 35 7618 5 1310 45 321 2 85 102 5 125 68 30K 34 7252 6 1260 46 311 3 86 99 9 126 64 09K 33 6905 7 1212 47 301 7 87 97 3 127 60 17K 32 6576 8 1167 48 292 4 88 94 9 128 56 51K 31 6265 9 1123 49 283 5 89 92 5 129 53 10K 30 5971 10 1081 50 274 9 90 90 2 130 49 91K 29 5692 11 1040 51 266 6 91 87 9 131 46 94K 28 5427 12 1002 52 258 6 92 85...
