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1.4

Abbreviations

The abbreviations used in this Operating Instructions are defined as follows:

Description

Abbreviation

Two-dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis

2D DIGE

Optical density

OD

Photo-multiplier tube

PMT

Red Green Blue

RGB

Relative humidity

RH

Radioisotope

RI

Second harmonic generation nonlinear optical process

SHG

Titer plate

TP

Ultraviolet radiation

UV

Near-infrared radiation

NIR

Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC

15

1 Introduction

1.4 Abbreviations

Summary of Contents for Amersham Typhoon

Page 1: ...Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions Original instructions ...

Page 2: ...tion 37 2 6 Declaration of Hazardous Substances DoHS 39 3 System description 40 3 1 System overview 43 3 2 Illustrations 47 3 3 Stages 48 3 3 1 Overview of stages 49 3 3 2 Fluor stage with accessories 53 3 3 3 Phosphor stage with accessories 55 3 3 4 Multi stage with accessories 57 3 4 Filters 58 4 Amersham Typhoon Control Software 59 4 1 Main window 66 4 2 Scanning modes 69 4 3 General settings 7...

Page 3: ...ample for phosphor imaging 116 6 2 3 Preparing a sample for densitometry 117 6 3 Performing a scan 122 6 4 Procedures after a scan 124 7 Maintenance 127 8 Troubleshooting 128 8 1 General errors and warnings 129 8 2 Error messages 131 9 Reference information 132 9 1 Specifications 135 9 2 Software 136 9 3 Ordering information 138 9 4 Health and Safety Declaration Forms 140 Index Amersham Typhoon Op...

Page 4: ...a tory information and intended use of the Amersham Typhoon system In this chapter This chapter contains the following sections See page Section 5 1 1 About this manual 6 1 2 Important user information 8 1 3 Regulatory information 15 1 4 Abbreviations 4 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 1 Introduction ...

Page 5: ...phoon scanner and the Amersham Typhoon Control Software The illustration below shows the Amersham Typhoon scanner Descriptions of Amersham Eraser and Amersham Cabinet are not covered in this docu ment Typographical conventions Software items are identified in the text by bold italic text Hardware items are identified in the text by bold text for example Power switch Amersham Typhoon Operating Inst...

Page 6: ...g imaging of storage phosphor screens fluorescence imaging with multiple lasers for example for muliplex Western blotting and two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis 2D DIGE imaging of gels with colorimetric stains densitometric imaging for example of Coomassie blue stained gels Amersham Typhoon scanner is intended for research use only and shall not be used in any clinical procedures or fo...

Page 7: ...tions are met and clearly understood CAUTION CAUTION indicates a hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in minor or moderate injury It is important not to pro ceed until all stated conditions are met and clearly understood NOTICE NOTICE indicates instructions that must be followed to avoid damage to the product or other equipment Notes and tips A note is used to indicate information...

Page 8: ...ormation Requirement GE Healthcare Bio Sciences AB Name and address of manufacturer Björkgatan 30 SE 751 84 Uppsala Sweden In this section See page Section 9 1 3 1 EU Directives 10 1 3 2 Eurasian Customs Union 11 1 3 3 Regulations for USA and Canada 12 1 3 4 Korean regulatory information 13 1 3 5 Other regulations and standards 8 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 1 Introduction 1...

Page 9: ...gnetic Compatibility EMC Directive 2014 30 EU Low Voltage Directive LVD 2014 35 EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances RoHS Directive 2011 65 EU CE marking The CE marking and the corresponding EU Declaration of Conformity is valid for the in strument when it is used according to the Operating Instructions or user manuals and used in the same state as it was delivered from GE except for alterations...

Page 10: ...mation Requirement See Manufacturing information Name and address of manufacturer Telephone 46 771 400 600 Telephone number of manufacturer GE Healthcare LLC Importer and or company for obtain ing information about importer GE Healthcare Life Sciences Presnenskaya nab 10C 12th floor RU 123 317 Moscow Russian Federation Telephone 1 7 495 411 9714 Fax nr 7 495 739 6932 Email LSrus ge com 10 Amersham...

Page 11: ...es or modifications not expressly approved by GE could void the user s authority to operate the equipment Note This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide rea sonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equ...

Page 12: ... for use in a business environment When used in a residential environment there is a concern of radio interference 주의사항 A급 기기 업무용 방송통신 기자재 이 기기는 업무용환경에서 사용할 목적으로 적합성평가를 받은 기기 로서 가정용 환경에서 사용하는 경우 전파간섭의 우려가 있습니 다 12 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 1 Introduction 1 3 Regulatory information 1 3 4 Korean regulatory information ...

Page 13: ...61010 1 IEC 61010 1 UL 61010 1 CAN CSA C22 2 No 61010 1 Particular requirements for automatic and semi auto matic laboratory equipment for analysis and other purposes IEC EN 61010 2 081 UL61010 2 081 CAN CSA C22 2 No 61010 2 081 Electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use EMC requirements EN 61326 1 IEC 61326 1 FCC Part 15 B Class A ICES 003 Class A NOTICE This equipment is not...

Page 14: ...RODUCT IEC60825 1 2014 The following lasers can be installed in the Amersham Typhoon scanner Maximum power Operating power Wavelength Laser and class 70 mW 25 mW CW 488 nm LD laser class 3B 80 mW 10 mW CW 532 nm SHG laser class 3B 220 mW 84 mW CW 635 nm LD laser class 3B 290 mW 50 mW CW 685 nm LD laser class 3B 230 mW 100 mW CW 785 nm LD laser class 3B The beam divergence of all laser modules is c...

Page 15: ...nce Gel Electrophoresis 2D DIGE Optical density OD Photo multiplier tube PMT Red Green Blue RGB Relative humidity RH Radioisotope RI Second harmonic generation nonlinear optical process SHG Titer plate TP Ultraviolet radiation UV Near infrared radiation NIR Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 15 1 Introduction 1 4 Abbreviations ...

Page 16: ...RNING Before installing operating or maintaining the product all users must read and understand the entire contents of this chapter to become aware of the hazards involved In this chapter See page Section 17 2 1 Radiation 19 2 2 Safety precautions 27 2 3 Labels 33 2 4 Emergency procedures 36 2 5 Recycling information 37 2 6 Declaration of Hazardous Substances DoHS 16 Amersham Typhoon Operating Ins...

Page 17: ...mined by the Director General of the Science and Technology Agency hereinafter referred to as the Director General the concentration of radioisotope in the air exceeds the concentration determined by the Director General or the radioisotope density on the surface polluted by radioisotope exceeds the density determined by the Director General Limit of superficial pollution Paragraph 3 of Article 4 ...

Page 18: ... the sample and dose of radioisotope in an experiment and may exceed the limits mentioned in the section above When the instrument reads a storage phosphor screen with a polluted non exposure area it may be polluted The degree of such superficial pollution greatly differs with users operation conditions Superficial pollution may exceed the limit mentioned above As mentioned above install this inst...

Page 19: ...on Maintenance General precautions WARNING Do not use the equipment if smoke strange noises or strange odors can be perceived or if the equipment becomes unusually hot This may result in fire or electric shock Stop using the equipment immediately turn off the power switch and unplug the equipment from the power outlet Contact your local GE representative to request repair WARNING Do not damage the...

Page 20: ... loss of vision WARNING Never modify the interlocks in this instrument laser beam may leak with a risk of loss of vision CAUTION If radioisotope RI pollution occurs stop use of the instrument im mediately and follow the instructions of your radiation administra tor CAUTION Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiatio...

Page 21: ... Amersham Typhoon scanner must always be connected to a grounded power outlet WARNING Do not block access to the power switch and power cord The power switch must always be easy to access The power cord with plug must always be easy to disconnect WARNING Connect the power supply directly to a grounded wall power outlet The use of extension cords or multiple loads on one electrical outlet could res...

Page 22: ...place the equipment on unstable tables or on inclined sur faces as the equipment could be dropped or fall resulting in injury CAUTION Only authorized service personnel are allowed to install or move Amersham Typhoon scanner Contact your local GE representative for help and advice CAUTION Install the Amersham Typhoon scanner in a location where it will not come into contact with water or chemicals ...

Page 23: ...he equipment may be influenced by electrical noise CAUTION Do not block the cooling fans If they are blocked the instrument may malfunction NOTICE Any computer used with the equipment must comply with EN IEC 60950 1 and be installedand used according to the manufacturer s instructions Operation WARNING Do not use the instrument within or near a sink or in humid above 70 RH or dusty environments Fi...

Page 24: ... is in operation Injury could result CAUTION Do not scratch or drop parts containing glass such as lenses filters or lights CAUTION Handle the sample stages and the digitization plate with care to avoid dropping them CAUTION Be careful not to break the glass surface of the fluor stage CAUTION Reagents used to prepare the sample should be used in accordance with the manufacturer instructions 24 Ame...

Page 25: ... turn off power during operation as this can cause loss of data in the internal memory Only turn off power in an emergency situation CAUTION Do not use the instrument within or near a sink or in humid above 70 RH or dusty environments This can result in data failure NOTICE The automatic sleep mode of the computer should be turned off to prevent the computer from entering sleep mode during a scan O...

Page 26: ...the power supply cable Do not tug on the cable and do not handle the connection plugs with wet hands CAUTION Turn off the power switch and remove connecting cables before moving the equipment CAUTION Turn the power switch off before cleaning the inside of the equip ment CAUTION Unplug the equipment if it will not be used for an extended period 26 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC...

Page 27: ... Description Label text Instrument model Model Instrument serial number Serial number Manufacturing year and month Manufacturing Year and Month Supply voltage frequency Frequency Supply voltage Supply Voltage Max current consumption Max Current Protection class Ingress protection according to IEC 60529 Protection class Warning Read the user documentation before using the sys tem Do not open any co...

Page 28: ...f the product will appear beside the symbol This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device Eurasian Conformity mark the single conformity mark indicates that the product is approved for circulation on the markets of the member states of the Eurasian Customs Union This symbol indicates that the product contains hazardous materials in excess of the li...

Page 29: ...0 dated June 24 2007 Other safety labels Meaning Label This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules CAN ICES 3 A NMB 3 A This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 This device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undersired operation CAN I...

Page 30: ...Symbols on the Amersham Typhoon scanner Meaning Label On Off switch Power switch l Power ON O Power OFF USB port 30 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 2 Safety instructions 2 3 Labels ...

Page 31: ...Location of labels and symbols on the Amersham Typhoon scanner Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 31 2 Safety instructions 2 3 Labels ...

Page 32: ...de the Amersham Typhoon scanner Never insert any foreign objects into the interlock parts to avoid potential laser exposure and injury 32 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 2 Safety instructions 2 3 Labels ...

Page 33: ...ts of a power failure Precautions WARNING Access to power switch and power cord with plug Do not block access to the power switch and power cord The power switch must always be easy to access The power cord with plug must always be easy to disconnect Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 33 2 Safety instructions 2 4 Emergency procedures ...

Page 34: ...n in the Amersham Typhoon Control Software 1 Turn off the Amersham Typhoon scanner by switching the power switch on the right side of the instrument to the O position 2 Disconnect the power cord from the wall socket 3 34 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 2 Safety instructions 2 4 Emergency procedures ...

Page 35: ...ted immediately The instrument is in an undefined state The computershuts down immediatelyand no data is saved Restart after emergency shutdown or power failure Follow the instructions to restart the instrument after an emergency shutdown or power failure Action Step Make sure that the condition that caused the emergency shutdown or power failure is corrected 1 If power to the instrument has been ...

Page 36: ...uperficial radio isotope pollution of the instrument and storage phosphor screen as mentioned in the Radiation hazard prevention on page 17 If the pollution level exceeds the limit dispose of the instrument as radioactive waste Otherwise dispose of the materials according to applicable laws and regulations for disposal of industrial waste Disposal of electrical components Waste of electrical and e...

Page 37: ...t friendly Use Period EFUP which indicates the period during which the hazardous substances contained in electrical and elec tronic products will not leak or mutate under normal operating conditions so that the use of such electrical and electronic products will not result in any severe environmen tal pollution any bodily injury or damage to any assets The unit of the period is Year In order to ma...

Page 38: ...572规定的限量要求以下 X 表示该有害物质至少在该部件的某一均质材料中的含量超出 GB T 26572规定的限量要 求 此表所列数据为发布时所能获得的最佳信息 0 Indicates that this hazardous substance contained in all of the homogeneous materials for this part is below the limit requirement in GB T 26572 X Indicates that this hazardous substance contained in at least one of the homogeneous materials used for this part is above the limit requirement in GB T 26572 Data listed...

Page 39: ...an overview of Amersham Typhoon scanner and a brief description of its function In this chapter See page Section 40 3 1 System overview 43 3 2 Illustrations 47 3 3 Stages 57 3 4 Filters Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 39 3 System description ...

Page 40: ...raser 2 Amersham Cabinet 3 For more information on how to safely operate the Amersham Eraser read the Amersham Eraser Operating Instructions 29187307 Scanner configurations The Amersham Typhoon scanner is available in four different configurations Intended use Configuration Phosphor imaging Amersham Typhoon scanner IP Fluorescence with three lasers phosphor imaging and densitometry Amersham Typhoo...

Page 41: ...Scanning luminescent samples with all the lasers turned off and no filters in use Fluorescence Scanning storage phosphor screens that have been ex posed to radioactive samples to image and quantify radi oligands in the samples Phosphor imaging Scanning gels to obtain digital images of gels for doc umentation Densitometric imaging of stained gels e g Coom massie stained gels for quantitation of sam...

Page 42: ...ans The Amersham Typhoon scanner has cooling fans that prevent the internal temperature from rising Instrument control The Amersham Typhoon scanneris operatedusing Amersham Typhoon Control Software The scanner also has an instrument panel with indicator lamps that indicate the status of the instrument Refer to Instrument panel on page45 for more information about the instrument panel 42 Amersham T...

Page 43: ... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Function Part Instrument panel 1 Main scanner door 2 Scanner door handle 3 Instrument cover 4 Power cord connector 5 Power switch 6 Filter module 7 Filter door 8 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 43 3 System description 3 2 Illustrations ...

Page 44: ... the Amersham Typhoon scanner 1 2 4 3 Function Part Air intake filter and fan 1 Exhaust outlet 2 Exhaust outlet 3 USB connector 4 44 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 3 System description 3 2 Illustrations ...

Page 45: ...trument is ready If flashing Instrument is starting up or shutting down Blue LED light 3 The instrument is scanning or The filters are being moved inside the scanner after filter installation Error Red LED light 4 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 45 3 System description 3 2 Illustrations ...

Page 46: ...Filter module and stage 1 2 Function Part Filter module 1 Stage 2 46 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 3 System description 3 2 Illustrations ...

Page 47: ...plied with the Amersham Typhoon scanner In this section See page Section 48 3 3 1 Overview of stages 49 3 3 2 Fluor stage with accessories 53 3 3 3 Phosphor stage with accessories 55 3 3 4 Multi stage with accessories Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 47 3 System description 3 3 Stages ...

Page 48: ...aging Fluores cence X Membrane weight Fluor stage X Digitization plate X X Spacers X Storage phosphor screen Phosphor stage X Cassette X Suction rod X Titer plate holder Multi stage X Glass slide holder X Glass plate guide 33 42 cm The magnetic phosphor stage is used for standard storage phosphor screens In addition the fluor stage can be used to scan unmounted phosphor screens and the multi stage...

Page 49: ...tage has a glass surface Digitization plate The digitization plate is a fluorescent plate that emits light when exposed to a laser beam The digitization plate is used together with spacers for densitometry measurement of relative optical density and digitization of samples Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 49 3 System description 3 3 Stages 3 3 2 Fluor stage with accessories ...

Page 50: ...digitization plate for digitization of samples and for measurements of relative OD in the densitometry scan mode The digitization plate rests on the spacers so that there is space for the sample between the fluor stage and the digitization plate The illustration below shows the digitization OD spacers The digitization OD spacers can be used both for digitization and for OD measurements depending o...

Page 51: ...page 51 for more information about positioning the spacers Spacer positioning The spacers are placed and secured on the fluor stage by hooking the spacers onto grooves on the fluor stage The following illustration shows the positions of the grooves on the fluor stage 1 1 2 3 4 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 51 3 System description 3 3 Stages 3 3 2 Fluor stage with accessories ...

Page 52: ...scan area For OD measurements the spacers should be placed with the OD label facing up Membrane weight The membrane weight is used to press fluorescent membranes flat against the fluor stage The use of a membrane weight improves image quality since the membrane weight removes air bubbles and reduces vibration of the membrane during scanning 52 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 3 ...

Page 53: ...d samples the energy of the ionizing radiation is absorbed in the crystals The accumulated radiation energy can subsequently be detected by the Amersham Typhoon scanner The surface of the storage phosphor screen is scanned with a laser inside the scanner and the ex posed areas emit light which is detected by the photomultiplier tube PMT In this way the Amersham Typhoon scanner creates a digital im...

Page 54: ...eled samples The time of exposure varies depending on the samples Suction rod The suction rod is used to lift up or place the storage phosphor screen on the phosphor stage 54 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 3 System description 3 3 Stages 3 3 3 Phosphor stage with accessories ...

Page 55: ...DIGE gel glass cassette 3 Screw to secure spring lock 4 Spring lock to hold glass cassette or titer plate holder 5 Height adjustment ridges for positioning the titer plate holder and glass cassettes 3 mm and 5 mm 6 Movable guide plate 7 Lock screw holds the movable guide plate on the multi stage 8 Movable guide plate 9 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 55 3 System description 3 3...

Page 56: ...or scanning The glass slide holder is used together with the titer plate holder Glass plate guides optional For large glass cassettes max 33 42 cm a pair of glass plate guides is available that keep the glass cassette in place on the multi stage The glass plate guides are used in stead of the default movable guide plates The thickness of each glass in the glass cas sette should be 5 mm 56 Amersham...

Page 57: ...s are delivered mounted in filter holders which are recognized by the Amersham Typhoon scanner Contact your local GE representative for information about the available filters Custom filters It is also possible to use custom third party filters Amersham Typhoon scanner is sup plied with two accessory custom filter holders in which these custom filters can be mounted These filters are recognized by...

Page 58: ...he Amersham Typhoon Control Software In this chapter See page Section 59 4 1 Main window 66 4 2 Scanning modes 69 4 3 General settings 72 4 4 Scan area functions 76 4 5 Image file settings 78 4 6 View Image mode 58 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 4 Amersham Typhoon Control Software ...

Page 59: ...following panes and fields 1 2 4 3 5 6 8 7 9 Reference Description Function Part See Scanning mode tabs on page 60 Scanning mode tabs 1 See Scan settings on page 60 Scan settings 2 See Stage Area settings on page 62 Stage Area settings 3 See Image file settings on page 63 Image file settings 4 See Method and scanning on page 63 Method and scanning 5 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226...

Page 60: ...n the chosen scanning mode different options will be available in the Scan settings pane For examples of the different scanning mode windows refer to Section 4 2 Scanning modes on page 66 Scan settings Depending on the scanning mode different scan settings can be chosen All scan settings are saved in a Method There are several pre programmed methods to choose from when starting an experiment If a ...

Page 61: ...e may lead to image saturation and a high background It is therefore recommended to optimize PMT voltage for each sample type X Sets the voltage of the PMT automatically based on a pre scan X Selects the scan speed Normal or Slow Normal scan speed is recommended for most applications To reduce background noise use a slow scan speed A slow scan speedreducesnoise by data averaging X Adds additional ...

Page 62: ...Scanning surface 2 White area indicates an area that will not be scanned Blue area indicates a scan area that will be scanned Blue frame white area indicates a scan area that has been disabled A disabled scan area will be omitted during scan ning For more information about the Stage Area settings refer to Section 4 4 Scan area functions on page 72 62 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 2919322...

Page 63: ...ame Selects the image file format Format s An optional note can be entered The note is saved with the image file and can be viewed with the ImageQuant analyzing software Note Displays the estimated scanning time Scan time Displays the total file size of the image files after scanning Total file size For more information about image file settings refer to Section 4 5 Image file settings on page 76 ...

Page 64: ...cted Initializing Ready Pre scanning Pre scan s completed Scanning Scan s completed and image s saved Filter moving Pre scan s stopped Scan s stopped and image saved Scan s stopped and image not saved For more information about the installed laser refer to Laser specifications on page132 For more information about the filters refer to Section 3 4 Filters on page 57 For more information about the p...

Page 65: ...View Image mode after a pre scan or a scan View Image Refer to Section 4 6 View Image mode on page 78 for more information about the View Image mode Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 65 4 Amersham Typhoon Control Software 4 1 Main window ...

Page 66: ... samples The default dark scan method uses the bi alkali PMT and does not use any lasers or filters The scan settings and Stage Area area settings can be edited in a default method An edited method can be saved under a new name for re use at a later time The following illustration shows and example of a DIGE method set up screen 66 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 4 Amersham Typ...

Page 67: ...phor imaging tab The following illustration shows an example of a Phosphor Imaging set up screen Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 67 4 Amersham Typhoon Control Software 4 2 Scanning modes ...

Page 68: ... for measurements of relative optical density 2 Digitization method blue blue laser 3 Digitization method green green laser The following illustration shows an example of the OD method set up screen 68 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 4 Amersham Typhoon Control Software 4 2 Scanning modes ...

Page 69: ...enerate service log files Laser and filter combinations Amersham Typhoon scanner comes with a number of default laser and filter combina tions New laser filter and detector combinations can be created on the Laser Filter tab in the General settings dialog Function Button Deletes a laser and filter combination Delete Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 69 4 Amersham Typhoon Control ...

Page 70: ...scence scanning only the multi alkali PMT can be used Note Auto correction Amersham Typhoon scanner is installed with correction files It is recommended to always use the correction files auto correction on The auto correction can be turned off in the General settings dialog on the Auto correction tab 70 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 4 Amersham Typhoon Control Software 4 3 Ge...

Page 71: ...lection only affects how images are displayed it does not affect the saved image Service log In the General settings dialog on the Service tab a log file can be generated which is used for instrument service or troubleshooting Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 71 4 Amersham Typhoon Control Software 4 3 General settings ...

Page 72: ...ou want to Click and drag to create a new scan area Add a new scan area Select the scan area and press the Delete key on the computer keyboard Delete a scan area Click and drag the blue box Change the position of a scan area Click and drag the edges of the blue box Change the size of a scan area 72 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 4 Amersham Typhoon Control Software 4 4 Scan are...

Page 73: ...disabled scan area will be omitted during scanning Duplicates the selected scan area Duplicate Assigns a new name to the scan area A B C Reorder When the name of one scan area is changed all other scan areas will be renamed as well Deletes the scan area Remove Opens the dialog box Scan Area Settings where the size and position of the scan area can be adjusted Setting Amersham Typhoon Operating Ins...

Page 74: ...fines the scan area based on the position on the stage based on the distance from the front left corner of the total scanning surface mm The maximumand minimumvaluesare displayed above the list boxes Millimeter Lower Left sets the position of the lower left corner of the scan area Upper Right sets the position of the upper right corner of the scan area Assigns a name A B C to the scan area Area Wh...

Page 75: ...abled A tick mark indicates that the scan area is enabled and will be included in the scan Note A disabled scan area will be omitted during scanning Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 75 4 Amersham Typhoon Control Software 4 4 Scan area functions ...

Page 76: ... many intensity levels of the original data especially in the low intensity region This allows for measurements over a broad dynamic range Information about the scan is stored in a separate text file The gel format uses a square root algorithm to accurately represent small differences in data whereas a tif format may assign the same number to two values particu larly in the fainter part of the ima...

Page 77: ...f formats are available For quantitative analysis use the img format or the gel file format For DIGE applications and when image properties need to be read in IQTL use the gel format In the Densitometry mode the data is automatically converted and saved as a tif file Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 77 4 Amersham Typhoon Control Software 4 5 Image file settings ...

Page 78: ...ther the image is viewed during or after a pre scan or a scan 1 2 3 4 5 Availability Function Part Pre scan and scan Click to select the scan that is displayed or adjust the PMT 1 Pre scan In the Pre scan tab of the Adjust PMT field select the area and calculate an estimated PMT that gives a non saturated image 2 Pre scan Use the Estimated tab of the Adjust PMT field to simulate images using diffe...

Page 79: ...o display the image for exam ple Black and white display of intensity levels based on a gray scale Negative Gray Choose this option after a scan to view multiple scans in different colors Multi Color Selects the type of tone curve used in the intensity graph The light intensities are displayed using an exponential tone curve Exponential The light intensities are displayed using a linear tone curve...

Page 80: ... High values below the graph correspond to the range of intensities displayed These values are displayed in the graph as vertical red lines To display a larger or smaller interval of intensities drag the red lines to adjust the Low and High values or type the limits directly in the Low and High boxes 80 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 4 Amersham Typhoon Control Software 4 6 Vie...

Page 81: ...Only authorized service personnel are allowed to install or move Amersham Typhoon scanner Contact your local GE representative for help and advice In this chapter This chapter contains the following sections See page Section 82 5 1 Site requirements 85 5 2 Delivery and transport 86 5 3 Setup 88 5 4 Connections Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 81 5 Installation ...

Page 82: ...rement Parameter 110 cm 90 cm including required free space at the left right and rear Required bench space area 70 cm at the front of the instrument Free space required around Amersham Typhoon scanner 10 cm at left right top and rear of the instrument Stable horizontal surface Placement Do not place in direct sunlight or in brightly lit places 82 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 A...

Page 83: ...n 20 to 70 non condensing Max relative humidity operation 2000 m above sea level Max altitude operation Pollution Degree 2 Pollution degree of the intended environment Electrical requirements Requirement Parameter 100 to 240 V AC 10 Supply voltage 50 to 60 Hz Frequency 2 5 to 1 0 A Max current Overvoltage category II Transient overvoltages Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 83 5 I...

Page 84: ...e One USB 2 0 port Other requirements DVD ROM drive NOTICE The user is responsible for avoiding unauthorized use of the com puter that is connected to the scanner NOTICE The automatic sleep mode of the computer should be turned off to prevent the computer from entering sleep mode during a scan Otherwise loss of data might occur At installation the GE service engineer will turn off the automatic sl...

Page 85: ...ner Store Amersham Typhoon scanner in an environment according to the requirements in Section 5 1 Site requirements on page 82 until the product is unpacked and installed Moving the Amersham Typhoon scanner CAUTION Turn off the power switch and remove connecting cables before moving the equipment If you need to transport the Amersham Typhoon scanner contact your local GE repre sentative for help a...

Page 86: ...am Typhoon scanner on a sturdy horizontal surface Make sure that the following requirements are met when placing the Amersham Typhoon scanner The air intake fan on the rear side of the Amersham Typhoon scanner is unobstructed The air exhaust outlets on the right and rear of the Amersham Typhoon scanner are unobstructed There is sufficient free space around the scanner see Space requirements on pag...

Page 87: ...left of the scanner in such a way that the fronts of the instruments are aligned NOTICE Do not place the Amersham Eraser and Amersham Cabinet to the right of the scanner because then they block the access to the power switch and power outlet Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 87 5 Installation 5 3 Setup ...

Page 88: ...lt in fire and electric shock WARNING Only use power cords delivered or approved by GE CAUTION Do not use the same power supply as that of large equipment such as an air conditioner or centrifuge Malfunction could result Action Step Plug in the power cord in the power cord connector on Amersham Typhoon scanner and connect the power cord to a grounded wall outlet 1 Amersham Typhoon scanner uses a s...

Page 89: ...ol Software during scanning NOTICE Any computer used with the equipment must comply with EN IEC 60950 1 and be installedand used according to the manufacturer s instructions Action Step Connect a USB cable to the USB port on the rear side of the Amersham Typhoon scanner 1 Connect the other end of the USB cable to the USB port on the computer 2 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 89...

Page 90: ...rsham Typhoon Control Software All tasks related to software installation require a computer account with administrator privileges 90 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 5 Installation 5 4 Connections ...

Page 91: ...nstrument within or near a sink or in humid above 70 RH or dusty environments Fire and electric shock could result WARNING Do not use the equipment if smoke strange noises or strange odors can be perceived or if the equipment becomes unusually hot This may result in fire or electric shock Stop using the equipment immediately turn off the power switch and unplug the equipment from the power outlet ...

Page 92: ...ency situation NOTICE With regards to third party patents related to sample preparation etc it is recommend that you consult a lawyer or patent attorney regarding obtaining appropriate licenses NOTICE The automatic sleep mode of the computer should be turned off to prevent the computer from entering sleep mode during a scan Otherwise loss of data might occur 92 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructi...

Page 93: ... not insert a storage phosphor screen in Amersham Typhoon before turning on the machine If a storage phosphor screen is detected during the self diagnosis of the Amersham Typhoon the sensitivity of the storage phosphor screen may deteriorate and reduce the quality of the scanned data NOTICE Avoid any shock or vibration to the equipment as this may damage the equipment Amersham Typhoon Operating In...

Page 94: ...ham Typhoon the sensitivity of the storage phosphor screen may deteriorate and reduce the quality of the scanned data Action Step Check that there is no stage in the scanner 1 Switch the power switch on the right side of the instrument to the I position 2 Push the On Off button in the instrument panel 3 94 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 6 Operation 6 1 Preparing the Amersham T...

Page 95: ...canner is ready for operation Start the Amersham Typhoon Control Software Action Step Start Amersham Typhoon Control Software from the Start menu or use the desktop shortcut 1 The following window is displayed while the Amersham Typhoon Control Software is launched Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 95 6 Operation 6 1 Preparing the Amersham Typhoon scanner 6 1 1 Starting the syste...

Page 96: ...s displayed See Example of the main window on page 59 The instrument status is displayed in the Status field see also Instrument status on page 64 96 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 6 Operation 6 1 Preparing the Amersham Typhoon scanner 6 1 1 Starting the system ...

Page 97: ...the Cy2 Cy3 and Cy5 band pass filters There are four additional positions in the filter module that can be used for near IR filters long pass filters and custom filters Follow the instructions below to ex change filters Remove the filter module from the scanner Action Step Make sure the Amersham Typhoon scanner is not scanning The blue indica tor LED on the instrument panel should be off 1 Press t...

Page 98: ...er module 3 Replace filters in the filter module Action Step Slide the holder on the filter module to the left to open the filter module 1 98 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 6 Operation 6 1 Preparing the Amersham Typhoon scanner 6 1 2 Changing the filters ...

Page 99: ...he metal ridge on the rear of the filter module 2 Lower the front of the filter Slide the holder on the filter module to the right to close the filter module Make sure that all filters are stably locked inside the filter module 4 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 99 6 Operation 6 1 Preparing the Amersham Typhoon scanner 6 1 2 Changing the filters ...

Page 100: ...rument status pane Make sure that the newly installed filters are cor rectly registered Note The filters are recognized automatically Custom filters are designated Cus tom1 and Custom2 in the control software In case the scanner does not automatically recognizes a filter or identifies a filter incorrectly contact a GE representative for service 7 100 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 2919322...

Page 101: ...a custom filter in the filter holder Action Step Screw out the stopper cylinder with the supplied tool and take out the stopper cylinder from the filter holder 1 Drop the filter horizontally in the filter holder Note Filters should have a diameter of 25 mm Multiple filters can be inserted in the filter holder up to a total thickness of 14 mm 2 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 10...

Page 102: ... Insert the stopper cylinder in the filter holder and tighten it with the tool 3 102 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 6 Operation 6 1 Preparing the Amersham Typhoon scanner 6 1 3 Custom filters ...

Page 103: ... in the fluorescence scanning mode Note In this section See page Section 104 6 2 1 Preparing a sample for fluorescence imaging 109 6 2 2 Preparing a sample for phosphor imaging 116 6 2 3 Preparing a sample for densitometry Precautions CAUTION Always wear gloves protective glasses and a lab coat or similar when handling samples CAUTION Handle the sample stages and the digitization plate with care t...

Page 104: ...uorescence imaging Follow the steps below to prepare a gel or membrane sample for fluorescence imaging Action Step Place a gel or membrane on the fluor stage 1 Remove any air bubbles between the gel or membrane and the stage 2 104 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 6 Operation 6 2 Preparing the sample 6 2 1 Preparing a sample for fluorescence imaging ...

Page 105: ...scanner 6 Close the main scanner door 7 Prepare a titer plate for fluorescence imaging Follow the steps below to prepare a titer plate sample for fluorescence imaging Use the same sample volume to compare different samples in the titer plate Tip Action Step Place the guide plates on the multi stage Align them with the grooves for the titer plate holder so that they click into place see Multi stage...

Page 106: ...the handle of the stage facing to the front 6 Push the stage all the way into the scanner 7 Close the main scanner door 8 Prepare a glass slide for fluorescence imaging Follow the steps below to prepare glass slides for fluorescence imaging Action Step Place the guide plates on the multi stage Align them with the grooves for the titer plate holder so that they click into place see Multi stage on p...

Page 107: ...ont 7 Push the stage all the way into the scanner 8 Close the main scanner door 9 Prepare a DIGE gel for fluorescence imaging Follow the steps below to prepare a DIGE gel for fluorescence imaging Action Step Place the default guide plates on the multi stage Align them with the grooves for the DIGE gels so that they click into place see Multi stage on page 55 1 Place the DIGE gels on the stage 2 Cl...

Page 108: ...ss plate guides are available as option to the Amersham Typhoon scanner see also Glass plate guides optional on page 56 Follow these steps to install the glass plate guides for large glass cassettes Action Step Open the lock screws see Multi stage on page 55 1 Remove the movable guide plates 2 Insert the glass plate guides for large glass cassettes max 33 x 42 cm 3 Close the lock screws 4 Place th...

Page 109: ... creased for example rooms with concrete walls or in basements NOTICE Remove the storage phosphor screen from the Amersham Typhoon scanner when not in use Store the storage phosphor screens in a horizontal position protected from moisture NOTICE Do not stack cassettes during exposure NOTICE Use a suction rod when taking the storage phosphor screen out of the cassette Prying the Storage phosphor ou...

Page 110: ...vents If water enters the storage phosphor screen the sensitivity of the storage phosphor screen is reduced Volatile solvents may deform the protective film on the storage phosphor screen NOTICE Protect exposed storage phosphor screens from light until the scanning is finished Required tools and materials Storage phosphor screen cassette Radioisotope labeled samples Gloves Plastic film Soft lint f...

Page 111: ... the storage phosphor screen and scanning it with the Amersham Typhoon scanner Tip Action Step If necessary clean the surface of the storage phosphor screen with a soft lint free tissue If needed clean the inside of the cassette with 70 ethanol to remove dust and stains 1 Erase the storage phosphor screen completely see also Erase the storage phosphor screen on page 115 2 Wrap the radioisotope sam...

Page 112: ... Place the storage phosphor screen in the cassette with the exposure surface of the storage phosphor screen facing the sample Make sure that the notch of the storage phosphor screen is placed at the corner of the gauge with the A1 coordinates 6 Close the cassette Press on the cover of the cassette until the cover clicks into place 7 112 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 6 Operati...

Page 113: ...he cassette Action Step Place the cassette with the exposed storage phosphor screen next to the phosphor stage 1 Turn the phosphor stage upside down so that the white print faces down 2 Open the cassette 3 Pick up the storage phosphor screen using the suction rod as follows 4 1 Press one end of the suction rod against the storage phosphor screen 2 Cover the other end of the suction rod with a fing...

Page 114: ...finger from the suction rod 5 Note The phosphor stage is magnetic so that it holds the storage phosphor screen in place Placing the phosphor stage in the scanner Action Step Open the main scanner door of the Amersham Typhoon scanner 1 114 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 6 Operation 6 2 Preparing the sample 6 2 2 Preparing a sample for phosphor imaging ...

Page 115: ...n After a scan clean the surface of the storage phosphor screen and the inside of the cassette with a soft lint free tissue If needed clean the inside of the cassette with 70 ethanol to remove dust and stains The storage phosphor screen can be erased using the Amersham Eraser in 10 20 min if it is not overly exposed For more information refer to Amersham Eraser Operating Instructions 29187307AA Af...

Page 116: ... instructions provided in the software are adapted to the den sitometry method that is chosen For best accuracy of OD measurements it is recommended to measure relative values in the range 0 to 1 and limit the scan area to 10 10 cm mini gel size It is not recommended to use relative OD values above 1 for quantitation It is not recommended either to compare relative OD values between gels Tip 116 A...

Page 117: ... samples in the instrument after scanning If left these may degrade and cause damage to the instrument NOTICE Avoid any shock or vibration to the instrument during scanning or some streaks appear in the image Pre scan the sample optional The pre scan feature is not available in the phosphor imaging mode Note Action Step In the main window of the Amersham Typhoon Control Software click on one of th...

Page 118: ... 4 For more information about how to select the scan area refer to Defining the scan area on page 72 Define the image file settings 5 Select the directory where the image file should be saved in the Image folder field Type a name for the image file in the File name field Select the image file format For more information on image file formats refer to Section 4 5 Image file settings on page 76 Clic...

Page 119: ...log 3 For more information about the laser and filter combination settings refer to Section 4 3 General settings on page 69 Tip For light emitting samples for example chemiluminescence the Dark Scan combinations no laser and no filter can be used Select the area or areas to be scanned in the Stage Area pane 4 For more information about how to select the scan area refer to Defining the scan area on...

Page 120: ...he position where the scanning was stopped Save the image under a different name The scanned images are automatically saved under the name and directory that are selected in the Image file settings pane in the main window Images can be rotated and flipped using buttons on the View Image window To save a copy of the image or images under a different name follow the steps below Action Step If necess...

Page 121: ...Save as type buttons 4 For the DIGE method the files are saved in a folder with an additional DS file Click Save 5 Result The image or images are saved Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 121 6 Operation 6 3 Performing a scan ...

Page 122: ...cleaning and storage of stages refer to Chapter 7 Maintenance on page 124 1 Press the On Off button on the front panel 2 Result The white Ready LED blinks and then goes out Push the power switch on the right side of the instrument to the O position 3 Result The instrument is turned off 122 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 6 Operation 6 4 Procedures after a scan ...

Page 123: ...CAUTION Unplug the equipment if it will not be used for an extended period Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 123 6 Operation 6 4 Procedures after a scan ...

Page 124: ... of loss of vision WARNING Never modify the interlocks in this instrument laser beam may leak with a risk of loss of vision WARNING Do not use excessive amounts of liquids for cleaning the Amersham Typhoon this may result in product malfunction or electric shock CAUTION Turn the power switch off before cleaning the inside of the equip ment CAUTION Wear gloves to prevent direct contact with chemica...

Page 125: ...s on page138 or print it from the PDF file available on the User Documentation disc Cleaning the outside of Amersham Typhoon Clean the outside with a moist soft cloth and a mild detergent or 70 ethanol Wipe af terwards with a dry soft cloth Cleaning the stage Follow these steps to clean the stage Action Step Remove the stage from the instrument or cabinet 1 Wipe the stage with a sponge moistened w...

Page 126: ...Storing the stages Store the stages in the cabinet when they are not in use DO NOT store stages inside the Amersham Typhoon scanner 126 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 7 Maintenance ...

Page 127: ...orrective actions are given In this chapter This chapter contains the following sections See page Section 128 8 1 General errors and warnings 129 8 2 Error messages Prerequisites The software Help text requires an installed web browser on the computer used to control the scanner Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 127 8 Troubleshooting ...

Page 128: ...e software Help text requires an installed web browser on the computer used to control the scanner Failed to open Help in software Free up disk space on the computer Store the data on a different disk The available disk space is insuf ficient The disk capacity is insufficient Please free memory on the hard disk to scan Check the computer require ments see Computer require ments on page 84 This mes...

Page 129: ...ct image folder Type a name in the File Name field No name has been assigned to the image file Please input a file name Type a PMT voltage value be tween 250 and 1000 in the PMT field The PMT voltage setting is out side the permitted range Please set PMT voltage in the range 250 to 1000 Insert the stage properly The stage is not properly insert ed The stage is not properly insert ed Please insert ...

Page 130: ...The scan stopped because the filter door was opened Close the door and restart the scan Make a note of the error code and error type Restart the scanner and control software and try to run the scan again Contact your GE representative if the problem persists An error occurred during scan ning XXXX error XXXX XXXXXXXX A scanner error was detected Please note the error code and error type Please res...

Page 131: ...al specifications of the Amersham Typhoon scanner In this chapter See page Section 132 9 1 Specifications 135 9 2 Software 136 9 3 Ordering information 138 9 4 Health and Safety Declaration Forms Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 131 9 Reference information ...

Page 132: ... X 532 nm SHG laser class 3B X X X 635 nm LD laser class 3B X X 685 nm LD laser class 3B X X 785 nm LD laser class 3B Laser specifications Maximum power Operating power Wavelength Laser and class 70 mW 25 mW CW 488 nm LD laser class 3B 80 mW 10 mW CW 532 nm SHG laser class 3B 220 mW 84 mW CW 635 nm LD laser class 3B 290 mW 50 mW CW 685 nm LD laser class 3B 230 mW 100 mW CW 785 nm LD laser class 3B...

Page 133: ...mensions w d h Unit 90 900 800 400 mm projections not included Scanner Power supply Data Parameter 100 to 240 V AC single phase Supply voltage 10 Allowable variations in voltage 50 60 Hz Frequency 2 5 to 1 0 A Max current Noise levels Data Parameter 60 dB A A weighted sound pressure level LAeq t 60 dB fast t 0 25 s 1 m from the instrument Noise Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 1...

Page 134: ...ghtly lit sur roundings Where to use 2000 m above sea level Max altitude operation Transient overvoltage category II Overvoltage category Pollution Degree 2 Pollution degree of the in tended environment IP21 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure Front of instrument the operation panel side 70 cm Free space required around Amersham Typhoon scanner 10 cm Right 10 cm Left 10 cm Rear 10 cm Top A...

Page 135: ...t Windows 10 Pro 64 bit English Japanese 8 GB Internal memory Intel Core i5 processor Processor 80 GB Free space on hard drive One USB 2 0 port Other requirements DVD ROM drive Maximum image file size after scan Image file size If pixel size is set as 3510 MB 10 µm 562 MB 25 µm 140 MB 50 µm 35 MB 100 µm 9 MB 200 µm Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 135 9 Reference information 9 2...

Page 136: ...ham Typhoon scanner RGB 29187191 Amersham Typhoon scanner 5 29238583 Amersham Typhoon scanner NIR 29187190 Amersham Eraser 29191637 Amersham Cabinet Amersham Typhoon accessories Product code Product 29187195 Phosphor stage 29187197 Fluor stage 29187198 Multi stage 29191518 Membrane weight 29191517 Digitization plate 29191519 Sample guide 29191516 Suction rod 29191520 Titer plate holder 29191521 Gl...

Page 137: ...Product code Product 29191540 Custom filter boxes 29215514 Glass plate guide 33 42 cm Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 137 9 Reference information 9 3 Ordering information ...

Page 138: ...storothersuitablesurvey Adequate space andclearance is providedto allowsafe access forinstrumentservice repairor installation Insome cases this mayrequirecustomerto move equipmentfrom normaloperatinglocation prior to GE arrival Consumables suchas columns orgels have beenremovedor isolatedfromthe instrument andfrom any areathat may impede access tothe instrument All buffer waste vessels are labeled...

Page 139: ...orhazardous biological substances pleasespecify OtherHazardous Chemicals please specify Equipment must be decontaminatedpriortoservice return Pleaseprovide atelephone number whereGE cancontact youfor additionalinformationconcerningthe system equipment Telephone No Liquid and orgas in equipment is Water Ethanol None empty Argon Helium Nitrogen Liquid Nitrogen Other please specify Equipment type Pro...

Page 140: ...s 84 135 Configurations 40 132 Connections computer 89 Cooling fans 42 Custom filter install 101 D Data communication 89 Decontamination 36 Delivery 85 Densitometry 41 prepare sample 116 Densitometry mode 68 Digitization OD spacers 50 Digitization plate 49 Digitization spacers positioning 52 Dimensions 83 133 Disposal 36 after radioactive pollu tion 36 electrical components 36 E Electrical require...

Page 141: ... Instrument panel 43 45 Instrument status 60 64 Intended use 6 Interlocks 32 International standards 13 L Labels lasers 29 safety labels 29 system label 27 Laser and filter combina tions 69 Laser class 14 132 Laser power 14 132 Laser standards 14 Laser status 64 Laser type 14 132 M Main scanner door 43 Main screen 59 Mains power switch 43 Manufacturing information 8 Membrane weight 52 Method and s...

Page 142: ... save image 120 start 119 stop 120 Scan Area Settings 74 Scanner dimensions 133 Scanning precautions 117 Scanning area 73 Scanning mode 41 60 Scanning mode tabs 59 Scanning specifications 133 Scan settings 59 60 Scope 5 Service log file 71 Service log file 71 Settings image file 63 laser and filter 69 method 60 pixel size 60 PMT voltage 60 Stage and area 62 72 Set up precautions 86 Site requiremen...

Page 143: ... Symbols 30 System start 94 System label 27 T Titer plate 56 Transport 85 Troubleshooting error 128 service log file 71 Typographical conventions 5 U UL conformity 28 USB connector 44 89 V View image mode 60 78 W Waste 28 Weight 83 133 Amersham Typhoon Operating Instructions 29193226 AC 143 Index ...

Page 144: ...these terms and conditions is available on request Contact your local GE Healthcare repre sentative for the most current information GE Healthcare Europe GmbH Munzinger Strasse 5 D 79111 Freiburg Germany GE Healthcare UK Limited Amersham Place Little Chalfont Buckinghamshire HP7 9NA UK GE Healthcare Bio Sciences Corp 100 Results Way Marlborough MA 01752 USA HyClone Laboratories Inc 925 W 1800 S Lo...

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