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GNC 420(A) Pilot’s Guide and Reference

SECTION 12 – FAULT DETECTION

AND EXCLUSION

12-1

SECTION 12: FAULT DETECTION

AND EXCLUSION

Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE) is incorporated in

the Garmin GNC 420 main and GPS software version 3.00

and higher.

FDE algorithms provide a basis for approval

per the requirements for “GPS as a Primary Means of
Navigation for Oceanic/Remote Operations”, FAA Notice
N8110.60. The oceanic flight phase is used by the GNC

420 when the aircraft is more than 200 nm from the
nearest airport.

FDE requires no pilot interaction during

flight; predicting the capability of the GPS constellation to
provide service during a flight is done by the pilot prior

to departure.

12.1 DETECTION AND EXCLUSION

FDE consists of two distinct parts, fault detection

and fault exclusion. The detection function refers to

the capability to detect a satellite failure which can affect

navigation. Upon detection, the exclusion function
excludes one or more failed satellites and prevents them

from being used during navigation. This allows the

GPS receiver to return to normal performance without

interruption. The process is entirely automated and does

not require pilot interaction during flight.  On the Satellite
Status  Page,  the  pilot  can  view  information  related  to
FDE  operation.  To  enhance  safety,  FDE  functionality
is  provided  for  other  phases  of  flight  (non-precision
approach, terminal, enroute).  The FDE functionality for

non-oceanic

flight phases adheres to the same missed alert

probability, false alert probability, and failed exclusion
probability specified by N8110.60.

Figure 12-1 shows satellite number 9 exclusion during

oceanic  phase  of  flight.    No  message  notifying  the  user
of exclusion appears.  In addition to the EPE and DOP
fields,  there  is  the  Horizontal  Uncertainty  Level  (HUL)
field  which  displays  a  99%  confidence  level  that  the

aircraft position is within a circle with a radius of the value

displayed in the HUL field.

Oceanic

Mode

Excluded Satellite

(Checkered Pattern)

Horizontal

Uncertainty

Level

Figure 12-1 Satellite Status Page

190-00140-20 Rev. K

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Summary of Contents for GNC 420

Page 1: ...GNC 420 A Pilot s Guide and Reference ...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...h x 8 5 inch format Added TERRAIN TIS Weather interface info and misc changes E 9 06 Corrected print spec added Data Field Configuration info in Section 9 F 2 07 Updated per main SW v5 02 G 10 07 Updated per main SW v5 03 H 05 08 Removed Proximity Advisory info from Section 11 J 08 08 Converted format of figures to accommodate printing process K 12 09 Added Section 11 2 GTS 8XX Traffic Systems 190...

Page 4: ... products Except as expressly provided herein no part of this manual may be reproduced copied transmitted disseminated downloaded or stored in any storage medium for any purpose without the express written permission of Garmin Garmin hereby grants permission to download a single copy of this manual and of any revision to this manual onto a hard drive or other electronic storage medium to be viewed...

Page 5: ...irport Departure Page 7 13 7 8 Intersection Page 7 14 7 9 NDB Page 7 15 7 10 VOR Page 7 15 7 11 User Waypoint Page 7 16 SECTION 8 NRST PAGES 8 1 8 1 NRST Page Group 8 1 8 2 Nearest Airport Page 8 4 8 3 Nearest Intersection Page 8 6 8 4 Nearest NDB Page 8 6 8 5 Nearest VOR Page 8 7 8 6 Nearest User Waypoint Page 8 7 8 7 Nearest Center ARTCC Page 8 8 8 8 Nearest Flight Service Station FSS Page 8 9 8...

Page 6: ...altimeters in the aircraft WARNING The Jeppesen database used in the GNC 420 system must be updated regularly in order to ensure that its information remains current Updates are released every 28 days A database information packet is included in the GNC 420 package Pilots using an outdated database do so entirely at their own risk WARNING The basemap land and water data must not be used for naviga...

Page 7: ...ervice center Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void both the warranty and the pilot s authority to operate this device under FAA FCC regulations NOTE All visual depictions contained within this document including screen images of the GNC 420 panel and displays are subject to change and may not reflect the most current GNC 420 system Depictions of equipment may differ slightly from the a...

Page 8: ...ITY OR FITNESS FORA PARTICULAR PURPOSE STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE THISWARRANTY GIVESYOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS WHICH MAYVARY FROM STATE TO STATE IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL SPECIAL INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHETHER RESULTING FROM THE USE MISUSE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQU...

Page 9: ...eries Display Interface Pilot s Guide Addendum Database Subscription Packet Warranty Registration Card GNC 420 Simulator CD ROM TheGarmindealerinstallsandconfigurestheGNC420 The GNC 420 is secured in the installation rack with the proper wiring connections A Garmin dealer can answer any questions about the installation such as location of antennas or any connections to other equipment in the panel...

Page 10: ... the GNC 420 Large left knob Large right knob Small left knob Small right knob NRST OBS MSG message FPL flight plan PROC procedures COM Power Volume COM Flip flop CLR clear ENT enter MENU RNG map range Direct to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 GNC 420 4 3 2 5 6 8 9 7 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Figure 1 1 Keys and Knobs Experiment with the unit and refer to the reference sections for more inform...

Page 11: ... area or the down arrow to zoom in to a smaller area 6 MENU Key Displays a context sensitive list of options This options list allows the pilot to access additional features or make settings changes which relate to the currently displayed page 7 ENT Key Used to approve an operation or complete data entry It is also used to confirm information during power on 15 Large Right Knob CRSR Used to select...

Page 12: ...rent active to waypoint as the navigation reference even after passing the waypoint i e prevents sequencing to the next waypoint Pressing the OBS Key again returns the unit to normal operation with automatic sequencing of waypoints When OBS mode is selected the pilot may set the desired course to from a waypoint using the Select OBS Course pop up window or an external OBS selector on the HSI or CD...

Page 13: ...ption This takeoff tour is intended to provide a brief introduction of the GNC 420 s major features Sections 2 through 12 of this manual describe these features and others in additional detail Refer to these sections as needed to learn or review the details regarding a particular feature Afterbecomingfamiliarwiththebasics somesuggested reading within this Pilot s Guide includes Flight plan feature...

Page 14: ...420 and any connected instruments are working properly check for the following indications on the CDI HSI RMI external annunciators and other connected instruments Course deviation half left no flag TO FROM flag TO Bearing to destination 135 Distance to destination 10 0 nautical mi All external annunciators if installed on Glideslope half up no flag Time to destination 4 minutes Desired track 149 ...

Page 15: ...atches the fuel capacity CAP figure Fuel on board is reduced over time based on the fuel flow FF figure Viewing the Checklists Page 1 Turn the large right knob to highlight Go To Chklist Figure 1 9 and press the ENT Key Figure 1 9 Go To Chklist Highlighted 2 Turn the large right knob to select the desired checklist then execute each step Section 9 3 Utility Page Checklists in the selected checklis...

Page 16: ... the satellites and the relative signal strength of each satellite received as a bar graph reading Searching Sky indicates that satellite almanac data is not available or has expired if the unit hasn t been used for six months or more This means the unit is acquiring satellite data to establish almanac and satellite orbit information which can take five to ten minutes The data is recollected from ...

Page 17: ...ata field distance and the GPS Window the right side of the display Figure 1 12 Standby Frequency 135 325 MHz COM Window GPS Window Active Frequency Standby Frequency Data Field Changing the standby communication frequency Turn the large left knob to select the MHz and the small left knob to select the kHz of the desired frequency Placing the standby communication frequency in the active field Pre...

Page 18: ...t Page within Current Page Group Selecting the desired page group and page 1 Turn the large right knob until a page from the desired page group is displayed Figure 1 14 2 Turn the small right knob until the desired page is displayed Figure 1 14 NOTE The NRST Page Group may be accessed by using the large right knob as described in the preceding procedure or by pressing the NRST Key NAV Pages There ...

Page 19: ...ion terms While viewing the Map Page the pilot can quickly declutter and remove many of the background map details by pressing the CLR Key repeatedly until the desired detail is depicted To change the map range press the up arrow to zoom out or the down arrow to zoom in of the RNG map range Key The current map range is depicted in the lower left corner of the Map Display Direct to Navigation The G...

Page 20: ...ive Leg of Flight Plan User selectable Data Fields The Default NAV Page displays a graphic course deviation indicator CDI the active leg of the flight plan as defined by the current from and to waypoints and six user selectable data fields The default settings for these fields are distance to waypoint DIS desired track DTK bearing to waypoint BRG ground speed GS ground track TRK and estimated time...

Page 21: ...mall right knob until the desired airport is selected 3 Press the ENT Key to display the frequency list for the selected airport A frequency listed on the NAV COM Page can be quickly transferred to the standby field of the COM Window NAV frequencies are shown for reference only This time saving process prevents having to re key a frequency already displayed elsewhere on the screen Selecting a comm...

Page 22: ...y a list of available procedures for the arrival when using approaches or STARs or departure when using SIDs airport 3 Turn the small right knob to select the desired procedure and press the ENT Key 4 For approaches a window appears Figure 1 24 to select the desired initial approach fix IAF or provide a vectors option to select just the final course segment of the approach Turn the small right kno...

Page 23: ...st Intersection Page Nearest VOR Page Nearest ARTCC Page Nearest Airspace Page The communication frequencies and runway information may both be examined directly from the Nearest Airport Page As discussed earlier for the NAV COM Page the pilot may also place any displayed frequency into the standby COM field by highlighting the frequency with the cursor and pressing the ENT Key Displaying the NRST...

Page 24: ...to a nearby facility in an in flight emergency Selecting a nearby airport as a direct to destination overrides the flight plan or cancels a previously selected direct to destination The pilot will still have the option of returning to the flight plan by cancelling the direct to see Section 4 1 Cancelling Direct to Navigation Selecting a nearby airport as a direct to destination from the Nearest Ai...

Page 25: ...1 29 Nearest Airspace Page By default airspace alert messages are turned off When turned on the message MSG annunciator located directly above the MSG Key flashes to alert the pilot to the airspace message See Section 9 4 Setup 1 Page Airspace Alarms for information on enabling airspace alert messages Viewing an airspace alert message 1 PresstheMSGKey TheMessagesPageappears with the alert message ...

Page 26: ...of the GNC 420 it will only be discussed briefly here with focus on creating a new flight plan and activating it to use for navigation After reading through this brief introduction answers to additional questions about flight plans can be found in Section 5 Flight Plans Creating a new flight plan 1 Press the FPL Key 2 Turn the small right knob to select the Flight Plan Catalog Page 3 Press the MEN...

Page 27: ...ivated from the Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu Activating the flight plan places it into flight plan 00 a copy of it still resides in the original catalog location and replaces any flight plan which currently exists in flight plan 00 Activating the new flight plan 1 Press the MENU Key to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu 2 Turn the small right knob to select Activate Flight Plan Figure 1 35...

Page 28: ...GNC 420 A Pilot s Guide and Reference 1 20 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 190 00140 20 Rev K Blank Page ...

Page 29: ...c squelch function when listening to a distant station or when setting the desired volume level The COM Power Volume Knob allows the pilot to disable the automatic squelch and keep the COM audio open continuously Overriding the automatic squelch 1 Press the COM Power Volume Knob momentarily 2 Press the COM Power Volume Knob again to return to automatic squelch operation COM Window and Tuning Commu...

Page 30: ...requency 1 Turn the large left knob to select the desired megahertz MHz value Figure 2 3 For example the 135 portion of the frequency 135 325 Figure 2 3 Standby Frequency of 135 325 2 Turn the small left knob to select the desired kilohertz kHz value For example the 325 portion of the frequency 135 325 NOTE The active frequency cannot be accessed directly only the standby frequency is highlighted ...

Page 31: ... in the list To select another airport turn the large right knob to highlight the desired airport 4 The NearestAirport Page displays the common traffic advisory frequency CTAF for each listed airport To select this frequency turn the large right knob to highlight the desired airport s CTAF frequency and press the ENT Key to place the frequency in the standby field of the COM Window Displaying the ...

Page 32: ... 1 Select the NAV COM Page from the NAV Page Group Section 3 1 or press and hold the CLR Key then turn the small right knob until the NAV COM Page appears 2 Press the small right knob to place the cursor on the airport identifier field To the left of this field appears Departure Enroute or Arrival depending on the placement of the displayed airport within the flight plan 3 Turn the small right kno...

Page 33: ...nel The GNC 420 s emergency channel select provides a quick method of selecting 121 500 MHz as the active frequency in the event of an in flight emergency Emergency channel select is available anytime the unit is on regardless of GPS or cursor status or loss of the display To quickly tune and activate 121 500 Press and hold COM Flip flop Key or COM Remote Tranfer Switch for approximately two secon...

Page 34: ...w If the microphone key is stuck or accidentally left in the on position or the microphone continues to transmit after the key is released the COM transmitter automatically times out ceases transmitting after 35 seconds of continuous broadcasting A COM push to talk key stuck message Figure 2 11 is displayed as long as the condition continues Figure 2 11 Message Page 190 00140 20 Rev K ...

Page 35: ...T the number of pages available within that group indicated by the square icons and the placement of the current page within that group indicated by a highlighted square icon The bottom right corner of the screen is also used to display the GNC 420 s turn advisories Turn to 230 and waypoint alerts Next DTK 230 during flight plan and approach operations See Section 6 for more information Figure 3 1...

Page 36: ...e quickly selected from any page by pressing and holding the CLR Key Figure 3 3 Default NAV Page Course Deviation Indicator CDI User selectable Data Fields Active Leg of Flight Plan TO FROM Flag Number of Pages in Current Page Group Position of Current Page within Current Page Group Current Page Group The Default NAV Page displays a graphic course deviation indicator CDI across the top of the page...

Page 37: ...he Right Left hand Holding Pattern Right hand Holding Pattern Table 3 2 NAV Page Symbols Selecting Desired On Screen Data At the bottom of the Default NAV Page there are six user definable fields which display the data needed as the flight progresses Figure 3 3 By default these fields display distance to destination DIS desired track DTK bearing to destination BRG ground speed GS ground track TRK ...

Page 38: ...so press the ENT Key to select this option 3 Use the large right knob to highlight the data field to be changed Figure 3 5 Figure 3 5 DIS Field Highlighted 4 Turn the small right knob to display the list of available data items Figure 3 6 Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired data item from the list Figure 3 6 Select Field Type Window 5 Press the ENT Key to select the desired...

Page 39: ...for additional details on using the crossfill option 3 4 Map Page The second NAV page is the Map Page Figure 3 8 which displays the present position using an airplane symbol along with nearby airports NAVAIDs user defined waypoints airspace boundaries lakes rivers highways and cities Figure 3 8 Map Page Number of Pages in Current Page Group Map Range Map Display Data Fields Present Position Positi...

Page 40: ...in to a smaller map area and more detail An autozoom feature is available which automatically adjusts from an enroute range of 2000 nm through each lower range stopping at a range of 1 0 nm as the aircraft approaches the destination waypoint The autozoom featureisturnedon offfromtheMapSetupPage described in Section 3 4 The Map Page also displays a background map or basemap showing lakes rivers coa...

Page 41: ...S and ground speed GS Any of these data fields may be changed to display a different data type as outlined in Section 3 4 The pilot may also remove the four data fields from the map to show a larger map image as described in Section 3 4 Map Panning Another Map Page function is panning which allows the pilot to move the map beyond its current limits without adjusting the map range When the panning ...

Page 42: ... the target pointer on a waypoint Figure 3 11 2 Press the ENT Key to display the Waypoint Information Page s for the selected waypoint Figure 3 12 Figure 3 12 Information for On Screen Waypoint 3 Press the CLR Key to exit the information page s Map Direct to Designating an on screen airport NAVAID or user waypoint as the direct to destination 1 Use the panning function Map Panning in this section ...

Page 43: ...he area is congested and it is difficult to select an open area the pilot may need to zoom in or press the CLR Key to make the selection easier Figure 3 14 Figure 3 14 Select Airspace with Target Pointer 2 Press the ENT Key to display an options menu Figure 3 15 Figure 3 15 Map Panning Options Window 3 Review Airspace should already be highlighted If not select it with the small right knob Press t...

Page 44: ...ium and small classifications are used on the GNC 420 for airports and cities Large airports are those with a runway longer than 8100 feet Medium airports include those with a runway longer than 5000 feet or with a control tower Large cities are those with approximate populations greater than 200 000 and medium cities with greater than 50 000 Table 3 4 lists the settings available for each group G...

Page 45: ...3 17 Map Setup Window 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight the Orientation field 4 Turn the small right knob to select the desired option a Select DTK up to fix the top of the Map Display to the desired course b Select North up to fix the top of the Map Display to a north heading c Select Track up Figure 3 18 to adjust the top of the Map Display to the current track heading Figure 3 18 Orienta...

Page 46: ...t Map and press the ENT Key 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight the appropriate field 4 Turn the small right knob to select On or Off 5 Press the ENT Key to accept the selected option Displaying airports NAVAIDs active flight plan waypoints user created waypoints state provincial boundaries rivers lakes and cities 1 From the Map Page Menu turn the large right knob to highlight Setup Map and p...

Page 47: ... bearing and distance between two points 1 Turn the large right knob to highlight Measure Dist Figure 3 20 Figure 3 20 Map Page Menu 2 Press the ENT Key an on screen reference pointer appears on the Map Display at the present position 3 Turn the small and large right knobs to place the reference pointer at the desired location to measure FROM and press the ENT Key Figure 3 21 Figure 3 21 Using Poi...

Page 48: ...s Figure 3 23 and press the ENT Key Figure 3 23 Map Page Menu 2 Turn the large right knob to highlight the data field to be changed 3 Turn the small right knob to select the desired type of data Figure 3 24 to appear on this field and press the ENT Key Figure 3 24 Select Data Field Window 4 Press the small right knob to remove the cursor NOTE The on screen traffic information occupies two data fie...

Page 49: ...ing Indicator The heading indication on the TERRAIN Page always displays TRK for Track up unless there is no valid heading Obstacles Potential Impact Points Figure 3 26 TERRAIN Page 120 View GPS derived MSL Altitude Red Terrain Warning Terrain Above or Within 100 Below Aircraft Altitude Number of Pages in Current Page Group Position of Current Page within Current Page Group Current Page Group Head...

Page 50: ...nge the display range Select theTERRAIN Page and press up or down on the RNG Key to select the desired range 1 nm 2 nm 5 nm 10 nm 25 nm 50 nm 100 nm Figure 3 29 Display Range Field Figure 3 29 TERRAIN Display Range Aviation information such as airports VORs and other NAVAIDS can be turned on or off from the TERRAIN Page To show or hide aviation data 1 Select theTERRAIN Page and press the MENU Key ...

Page 51: ...ted by default 2 Press the ENT Key The TERRAIN system is functional again TERRAIN Symbols NOTE See Section 10 2 for a complete description of TERRAIN symbology The following symbols Figure 3 33 are used to represent obstacles and potential impact points on the Terrain Page Red Symbol Terrain Obstacle is above or within 100 feet below the aircraft altitude Yellow Symbol Terrain Obstacle is between ...

Page 52: ...encies for the airport nearest the departure position Figure 3 34 NAV COM Page Frequency Type Departure Enroute or Arrival Airport Assigned Frequency and Usage Information when applicable Number of Pages in Current Page Group Position of Current Page within Current Page Group Current Page Group Selecting a frequency list for a departure enroute or arrival airport 1 Press the small right knob to ac...

Page 53: ...r 3 To place a frequency in the standby field of the COMWindow highlight the desired frequency and press the ENT Key Some listed frequencies may include designations for limited usage as follows TX transmit only RX receive only PT part time frequency If a listed frequency has sector or altitude restrictions the frequency is preceded by an Info designation Viewing usage restrictions for a frequency...

Page 54: ...icator for quick at a glance ground track information Directly below are three user selectable fields which by default display track ground speed and altitude Barometric pressure BARO settings and minimum safe altitude MSA can also be displayed in these fields MSA is the recommended minimum altitude within approximately ten miles of the present position MSA is calculated from the information conta...

Page 55: ...ht Change Fields and press the ENT Key 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight the waypoint type field bottom left corner of the page default setting shows APT see Figure 3 42 Figure 3 42 Waypoint Type Field Highlighted 4 Turn the small right knob to display the list of available waypoint types Figure 3 43 Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired data item from the list Figure ...

Page 56: ...ow 8 Press the small right knob momentarily to remove the cursor from the page Restoring Factory Settings A Restore Defaults option allows the pilot to reset all data fields to their original factory default settings This returns the three user selectable fields at the top of the page and the reference waypoint fields to default settings Restoring the factory default settings 1 Press the MENU Key ...

Page 57: ...ition of Current Page within Current Page Group 10 As the GPS receiver locks onto satellites a signal strength bar appears for each satellite in view with the appropriate satellite number 01 32 underneath each bar The status of satellite reception is shown as follows No signal strength bars The receiver is looking for the satellites indicated Hollow signal strength bars The receiver has found the ...

Page 58: ...llites should be in view 2D Navigation The GPS receiver is in 2D navigation mode Altitude data is provided by an altitude serializer 3D Navigation The GPS receiver is in 3D navigation mode and computes altitude using satellite data Poor Coverg The GPS receiver cannot acquire sufficient satellites for navigation Rcvr Not Usbl The GPS receiver is unusable due to incorrect initialization or abnormal ...

Page 59: ...et Distance 2 Altitude Reference AGL or MSL 3 Target Reference 4 Vertical Speed Desired 5 Vertical Speed Required 6 Current Page Group 7 Number of Pages in Current Page Group 8 Position of Current Page within Current Page Group 9 NOTE To use the vertical navigation features ground speed must be greater than 35 knots and the pilot must be navigating to a direct to destination or using a flight plan...

Page 60: ... 53 Reference Distance Selected 6 Turn the small right knob to select Before or After and press the ENT Key This setting designates whether the offset distance defines a point before the aircraft reaches the target reference waypoint or after the aircraft reaches the waypoint 7 When using a flight plan the target reference waypoint itself can be specified from the waypoints contained in the flight...

Page 61: ...e proper descent or climb angle At 500 feet above or below for a climb the target altitude an Approaching Target Altitude message is provided The VSR readout on the Default NAV Page and the Map Page is blanked out at this point Vertical navigation messages can be turned on or off they are off by default Turning the messages off allows the pilot to keep the previous profile settings without having ...

Page 62: ...GNC 420 A Pilot s Guide and Reference SECTION 3 NAV PAGES 3 28 Blank Page 190 00140 20 Rev K ...

Page 63: ...ith the waypoint identifier field highlighted Figure 4 1 Select Direct to Waypoint Page 2 Use the small and large right knobs to enter the identifier of the desired destination waypoint Figure 4 2 Figure 4 2 Waypoint Identifier Field Selected 3 Press the ENT Key to confirm the selected waypoint and press the ENT Key again to activate the direct to function Figure 4 3 Figure 4 3 Activate Field High...

Page 64: ...ighted 2 Turn the large right knob to highlight the facility name second line or the city third line field 3 Use the small and large right knobs to enter the facility name or city location of the desired destination waypoint Figure 4 5 When spelling the facility name or city the GNC 420 s Spell N Find feature selects the first entry in the database based upon the characters entered up to that poin...

Page 65: ...T Key again to activate the direct to function Selecting the Nearest Airport as a Direct to Destination The Select Direct to Waypoint Page always displays the nearest airports from the present position in the NRST field Nearby airports may also be selected as direct to destinations using the steps described in Section 8 1 Selecting a nearby airport as a direct to destination 1 Press the Direct to ...

Page 66: ...ion 1 If a single airport NAVAID or user waypoint is displayed on screen Figure 4 9 Figure 4 9 Single Waypoint Displayed a Press the Direct to Key b Press the ENT Key twice 2 If a list of waypoints is displayed on screen a Press the small right knob to activate the cursor b Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired waypoint Figure 4 10 Figure 4 10 Nearest List c Press the Direct to Key fo...

Page 67: ...e is highlighted Figure 4 11 Press the Direct to Key and the ENT Key twice to navigate to the waypoint Figure 4 11 Panning Pointer Placed on Waypoint 4 If the panning pointer is placed on an open location press the Direct to Key and the ENT Key twice to create a MAP waypoint and navigate to it Cancelling Direct to Navigation Once a direct to is activated the GNC 420 provides navigation guidance to...

Page 68: ... Use the small and large right knobs to select the destination waypoint 3 Press the ENT Key to confirm the selected waypoint then turn the large right knob to highlight the course CRS field Figure 4 13 Figure 4 13 CRS Course Field Highlighted 4 Turn the small and large right knobs to select the desired course Figure 4 14 and press the ENT Key Figure 4 14 Course Field Selected 5 Press the ENT Key a...

Page 69: ...log Page Figure 5 1 allows the pilot to create edit activate delete and copy flight plans Flight plans numbered from 1 through 19 are used to save flight plans for future use Flight plan 00 is reserved exclusively for the flight plan currently in use for navigation Any time the pilot activates a flight plan a copy of the flight plan is automatically transferred to flight plan 00 overwriting any pr...

Page 70: ... Key and turn the small right knob to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page 2 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired flight plan and press the ENT Key 4 Turn the large right knob to select the point to add the new waypoint If an existing waypoint is highlighted the new waypoint is placed directly in front of this waypoint Figure 5 5 Fi...

Page 71: ...alog Page A one line user comment may be added to any flight plan which is displayed on the Flight Plan Catalog Page next to the flight plan s number By default as the flight plan is being created the comment shows the first and last waypoints in the flight plan Changing the comment line for an existing flight plan 1 From the Flight Plan Catalog Page press the small right knob to activate the curs...

Page 72: ...nu 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight Activate Flight Plan and press the ENT Key Figure 5 9 Figure 5 9 Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu Inverting Flight Plans After travelling along a flight plan the pilot may wish to reverse the route for navigation guidance back to the original departure point Activating an existing flight plan in reverse order 1 From the Flight Plan Catalog Page press the sm...

Page 73: ...ext empty catalog location is offered To select a different location turn the large right knob to select the flight plan number use the small and large right knobs to enter a different number and press the ENT Key 5 With Yes highlighted press the ENT Key to copy the flight plan Deleting Flight Plans Once finished with a flight plan it can easily be deleted from the Flight Plan Catalog Page or the ...

Page 74: ...een on the other For additional information see Section 9 2 Flight Planning Page Crossfill Crossfilling flight plans between two 400 500 Series Garmin units 1 Select the Crossfill option from the Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu Figure 5 13 and press the ENT Key Figure 5 13 Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu 2 Turn the large right knob to select the Method field Figure 5 14 Figure 5 14 Crossfill Page 3 Tu...

Page 75: ...n this section The copy function is useful for duplicating an existing flight plan before making changes Delete Flight Plan Allows the pilot to remove the selected flight plan from memory as described previously in this section Deleting a flight plan does not delete the individual waypoints contained in the flight plan from the database or user waypoint memory Delete All Flight Plans Allows the pi...

Page 76: ...Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu 5 2 Active Flight Plan Page The Active Flight Plan Page provides information and editing functions for flight plan 00 the flight plan currently in use for navigation Once the pilot has activated a direct to or flight plan the Active Flight Plan Page shows each waypoint for the flight plan or a single waypoint for a direct to Figure 5 19 along with the desired track DT...

Page 77: ...it is convenient to select approaches using the PROC Key as described in Section 6 1 Select Arrival Allows the pilot to select a published standard terminal arrival route STAR for the destination airport or replace the current arrival with a new selection Section 6 1 for information on selecting arrivals using the PROC Key Select Departure Allows the pilot to select a published standard instrument...

Page 78: ...elect the desired data item Figure 5 22 and press the ENT Key Figure 5 22 Select Field Type Window 5 Press the small right knob to remove the cursor Restoring factory default settings for data fields on the Active Flight Plan Page 1 With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed press the MENU Key to display theActive Flight Plan Page Menu 2 Turn the large right knob to highlight Restore Defaults and ...

Page 79: ...e desired transition waypoint and press the ENT Key The Vectors option assumes the pilot will receive vectors to the final course segment of the approach and will provide navigation guidance to intercept this final course Figure 5 26 Transitions Window 4 Turn the large right knob to highlight Load or Activate and press the ENT Key Load adds the approach to the flight plan without immediately using...

Page 80: ...sitions Figure 5 29 for the arrival Turn the small right knob to highlight the desired transition waypoint and press the ENT Key Figure 5 29 Transitions Window 4 With Load highlighted press the ENT Key Selecting a departure for the departure airport 1 Select the Select Departure option from the Active Flight Plan Page Menu and press the ENT Key 2 A window appears listing the available departures f...

Page 81: ...age Menu Figure 5 31 and press the ENT Key Figure 5 31 Active Flight Plan Page Menu 2 A window appears with the reference waypoint field highlighted Use the small and large right knobs to enter the identifier of the reference waypoint and press the ENT Key 3 A confirmation window appears for the selected reference waypoint Figure 5 32 Press the ENT Key to accept the waypoint Figure 5 32 Closest Po...

Page 82: ...for the approach Figure 5 33 departure or arrival to be deleted Titles appear in light blue directly above the procedure s waypoints Figure 5 33 Highlight Item To Be Deleted 3 Press the CLR Key to display a confirmation window Figure 5 34 Figure 5 34 Remove Approach Window 4 With Yes highlighted press the ENT Key to remove the selected procedure This same process may also be used to remove individ...

Page 83: ...te Leg confirmation window Figure 5 37 Figure 5 37 Activate Leg Window 3 With Activate highlighted press the ENT Key When using instrument procedures this feature can be used not only to activate a specific point to point leg but to also activate the procedure turn portion of an approach follow a DME arc or activate a holding pattern Any approach departure or arrival can be reviewed on the appropr...

Page 84: ...GNC 420 A Pilot s Guide and Reference 5 16 SECTION 5 FLIGHT PLANS Blank Page 190 00140 20 Rev K ...

Page 85: ...blished procedures associated with them Selecting an approach departure or arrival 1 Press the PROC Key to display the Procedures Page 2 Turn the large right knob to highlight Select Approach Select Departure or Select Arrival Figure 6 1 and press the ENT Key Figure 6 1 Procedures Page 3 A window appears listing the available procedures Figure 6 2 Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired...

Page 86: ...dicates the procedure can be flown using the GPS receiver Some procedures do not have this designation meaning the GPS receiver may be used for supplemental navigation guidance only ILS approaches for example must be flown by tuning an external VLOC receiver to the proper frequency and coupling the VLOC receiver to the external CDI or HSI Figure 6 4 GPS Designations Once an approach is selected it...

Page 87: ...ch using the Activate Approach option 6 2 Non Precision Approach Operations The GNC 420 provides non precision approach guidance using its built in GPS receiver The GPS receiver can also be used as a supplemental aid for precision approaches but external localizer and glideslope receivers must be used for primary approach course guidance Approaches designed specifically for GPS are often very simp...

Page 88: ...etains course guidance in the enroute section until the approach is activated 4 Activate the full approach or vectors to final as appropriate In some scenarios it may be more convenient to immediately activate the approach and skip the Load process outlined in the preceding step 3 The GNC 420 provides both options Approaches with Procedure Turns The procedure turn portion of an approach is stored ...

Page 89: ... the NAV COM Page Section 3 6 and Figure 6 10 and place it in the standby field of the COM Window Use the COM Flip flop Key to make the ATIS frequency active Figure 6 10 NAV COM Page 3 Press the PROC Key Figure 6 11 and select the VOR 03 approach using the steps outlined in Section 6 1 Figure 6 11 Procedures Page 4 From the Transitions Window Figure 6 12 select LYH VOR the IAF Also select Load to ...

Page 90: ...gure 6 14 CDI Scale at 1 0 nm 2 Several miles prior to reaching the IAF LYH the pilot may wish to review the approach sequence Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page Press the small right knob and then turn the large right knob to review each segment of the approach Figure 6 15 When finished press the FPL Key again to return to the previous page Figure 6 15 Active Flight Plan Pag...

Page 91: ...ted as the active leg on the Default NAV Page and theActive Flight Plan Page The CDI needle starts moving to the right 7 When turning to intercept the inbound course the GNC 420 sequences to the inbound leg to the FAF the CDI needle swings to the opposite side to provide proper sensing along the final course segment and NEXT DTK 025 appears in the lower right corner of the screen Figure 6 18 Figur...

Page 92: ... 13 After crossing the MAP SUSP appears above the OBS Key Figure 6 20 indicating that automatic sequencing of approach waypoints is suspended at the MAP A from indication is displayed on the CDI and Default NAV Page but course guidance along the final approach course continues If a missed approach is required use the OBS Key to initiate the missed approach sequence as outlined beginning on the fol...

Page 93: ...l from LYH VOR 3 An alert message in the lower right hand corner of the screen recommends entry procedures for the holding pattern i e HOLD DIRECT HOLD PARALLEL or HOLD TEARDROP see Figure 6 23 When flying the holding pattern a timer appears on the Default NAV Page Figure 6 24 The timer automatically resets on the outbound side of the hold when the aircraft is abeam the hold waypoint The timer aga...

Page 94: ...ess the ENT Key twice This time the pilot selects the GPS runway 21 approach into Farmville Regional The GPS runway 21 approach begins with a holding pattern at the IAF BODRY intersection 4 Press the PROC Key and select the GPS 21 approach Figure 6 27 also Section 6 1 for additional instructions Figure 6 27 Approach Window 5 From the Transitions Window select BODRY intersection as the IAF Figure 6...

Page 95: ...D DIRECT or HOLD PARALLEL may be offered on other similar approaches Figure 6 31 HOLD TEARDROP Annunciation 9 As mentioned in the missed approach example the Default NAV Page displays a timer during the holding pattern Figure 6 32 The timer can be used to fly the one minute outbound portion of the holding pattern The holding pattern is displayed on the Map Page and indicated as the active leg on t...

Page 96: ...d re activate the holding pattern using the steps described in Section 5 2 DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION Figure 6 33 Approach Mode Refer to Figure 6 33 for the following steps 11 When approaching BODRY intersection a waypoint alert NEXT DTK 209 appears in the lower right corner of the screen Figure 6 34 Figure 6 34 Waypoint Alert 12 At 2 0 nm from the FAF DEPOY intersection the GNC 420 switches from t...

Page 97: ... magenta the active leg of the flight plan always appears in magenta and a dashed line extends the course beyond the MAP Do not follow this extended course Instead follow published missed approach procedures 15 When approaching the MAP a waypoint alert APPRCHINGWPT appears in the lower right corner 16 After crossing the MAP SUSP appears above the OBS Key Figure 6 36 indicating that automatic seque...

Page 98: ...e Mode NOTE As this manual was being written the letter number DME arc names were being replaced with standard five letter intersection names Either naming convention may be used for an approach This example is based upon a flight from Hutchinson Kansas Municipal KHUT to Billard Municipal KTOP in Topeka Kansas The VOR DME runway 22 approach is selected along with D258G as the IAF refer to Figure 6...

Page 99: ... full scale deflection 4 If the approach has not yet been activated in step 2 do so when cleared for the approach Figure 6 42 Figure 6 42 Procedures Page 5 WhenapproachingtheIAF D258G awaypoint alert NEXT DTK 353 appears in the lower right corner of the screen Figure 6 43 As the distance DIS to the IAF approaches zero the alert is replaced by a turn advisory TURN TO 353 Figure 6 43 Waypoint Alert ...

Page 100: ...Dial this course into the CDI or HSI using the OBS knob Figure 6 44 Intermediate Approach Fix 8 At 2 0 nm from the FAF TOP VOR the GNC 420 switches from terminal mode to approach mode CDI scaling is tightened from 1 0 to 0 3 nm full scale deflection Refer to Figure 6 45 for the following steps DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION Figure 6 45 Approach Mode 9 When approaching the FAF NEXT DTK 214 appears in th...

Page 101: ...e along the final approach course continues Do not follow this extended course Follow published missed approach procedures using the OBS Key to initiate the missed approach sequence as outlined in Flying the Missed Approach in this section Figure 6 48 SUSP Annunciation Vectors to Final Take a second look at the VOR 22 approach into Billard Municipal Instead of following the DME arc ATC tells the p...

Page 102: ...aypoint in a flight plan 2 Press the PROC Key and select the VOR 22 approach using the steps outlined in Section 6 1 3 From the Transitions Window select D258G as the IAF Figure 6 50 Also select Load Figure 6 50 Transitions Window 4 When cleared press the PROC Key and select Activate Vector To Final Figure 6 51 Figure 6 51 Procedures Page Flying the Vectors Approach With vectors to final selected ...

Page 103: ...provide guidance to the final approach course 3 ATC instructs the pilot to turn left to a heading of 025 This places the aircraft parallel to the final approach course in the opposite direction Figure 6 53 CDI needle deflection is to the left Figure 6 53 Heading of 025 4 ATC instructs the pilot to turn right to a heading of 115 Figure 6 54 Figure 6 54 Heading of 115 5 ATC instructs the pilot to tu...

Page 104: ...6 58 Waypoint Alert 8 After crossing the FAF the destination sequences to the MAP RW22 9 When approaching the MAP a waypoint alert APPRCHINGWPT appears in the lower right corner 10 After crossing the MAP SUSP appears above the OBS Key Figure 6 59 indicating that automatic sequencing of approach waypoints is suspended at the MAP A from indication is displayed on the CDI and Default NAV Page but cou...

Page 105: ...gure 6 60 Active Flight Plan Page DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION Palmdale CA AF Plant 42 VOR DME or GPS Rwy 25 Figure 6 61 KPMD Approach This example uses the VOR DME RWY 25 approach into Palmdale California KPMD and includes a teardrop course reversal refer to Figure 6 61 for the following steps 1 At the initial approach fix PMD a waypoint alert NEXT DTK 070 appears in the lower right corner of the sc...

Page 106: ...o approach mode APR appears in the lower left corner of the screen replacing TERM CDI scaling is tightened from 1 0 to 0 3 nm full scale deflection 6 When approaching the FAF NEXT DTK 265 appears in the lower right corner of the screen 7 After crossing the FAF the destination sequences to the MAP MA25 8 When approaching the MAP a waypoint alert APPRCHINGWPT appears in the lower right corner of the...

Page 107: ...DME or GPS Rwy 25 Figure 6 66 Palmdale Missed Approach In this instance the leg corresponds to the initial phase of the missed approach which reads Climb to 5000 outbound via PMD VOR R 282 Refer to Figure 6 66 for the following steps 1 After crossing the MAP press the OBS Key The missed approach sequence is automatically offered starting with the course from fix to altitude leg The NEXT DTK 282 al...

Page 108: ...and fly the inbound course Figure 6 68 Waypoint Alert 6 When approaching PMD VOR the missed approach holding point an alert message in the lower right hand corner of the screen recommends the holding pattern entry procedure HOLD PARALLEL When flying the holding pattern a timer appears on the Default NAV Page The timer automatically resets on each outbound and inbound portion of the holding pattern...

Page 109: ... over HFD VOR proceed via the HFD R 143 to Thumb Int then via the HTO R 010 to Yoder Int then via the CCC R 057 to CCC VOR Then via transition or assigned route Figure 6 69 Coastal One Departure Refer to Figure 6 69 for the following steps 1 Select the departure CSTL1 from the Procedures Page then select the departure runway RW02 in this example see Figure 6 70 and transition GEDIC Refer to Sectio...

Page 110: ...ainder of the departure route including the selected transition 6 3 Points to Remember for All Approaches The GNC 420 is designed to complement printed approach plates and vastly improve situational awareness throughout the approach However the pilot must always fly an approach as it appears on the approach plate The active leg or the portion of the approach currently in use is depicted in magenta...

Page 111: ...ain pages 2 Turn the large right knob to select the WPT Page Group WPT appears in the lower right corner of the screen 3 Turn the small right knob to select the desired WPT page NOTE The GNC 420 uses ICAO identifiers for all airports All U S airport identifiers which contain only letters use the prefix K For example Los Angeles International is KLAX under the ICAO standard Other airports such as O...

Page 112: ...ght knob Entering a waypoint facility name or city location 1 Select the Airport Location Page NDB Page or VOR Page from the WPT Page Group as described on the preceding page 2 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 3 Turn the large right knob to select the facility name or location city field 4 Turn the small right knob to select the desired character Figure 7 2 Figure 7 2 Airport Loca...

Page 113: ...ation 2 When spelling the facility name or location using the small and large right knobs the GNC 420 s Spell N Find feature selects the first entry Figure 7 5 in the database based upon the characters entered up to that point Figure 7 5 First Facility for Albuquerque 3 Continue turning the small right knob to scroll through any additional database listings Figure 7 6 for the selected facility nam...

Page 114: ... 7 Best Available Approach 8 Current Page Group 9 Position of Current Page within Current Page Group 10 Number of Pages in Current Page Group Figure 7 8 Airport Location Page The following descriptions and abbreviations are used Type Usage type Public Heliport Military or Private Position Latitude Longitude degrees minutes or degrees minutes seconds MGRS or UTM UPS Elevation In feet or meters Fuel...

Page 115: ...ons Runway Length and Width Surface and Lighting Number of Pages in Current Page Group Position of Current Page within Current Page Group Current Page Group Displaying information for each additional runway 1 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 2 Turn the large right knob to place the cursor on the runway designation field Figure 7 9 3 Turn the small right knob to display a window li...

Page 116: ...e Airport Frequency Page displays radio frequencies and frequency types for the selected airport as well as sector and altitude restrictions where applicable If the selected airport has an ILS approach the localizer frequency ies are also listed on the Airport Frequency Page Figure 7 12 The Airport Frequency Page may be used to quickly select and tune a COM frequency VLOC frequency is for referenc...

Page 117: ...oved to Standby Field 4 To remove the flashing cursor press the small right knob Some listed frequencies may include designations for limited usage as follows TX transmit only RX receive only PT part time frequency If a listed frequency has sector or altitude restrictions the frequency is preceded by an Info designation Viewing usage restrictions for a frequency 1 Turn the large right knob to plac...

Page 118: ...ch Page Figure 7 17 shows the available approach procedures for the selected airport Where multiple initial approach fixes IAFs and feeder routes are available that information may also be displayed A map image provides a layout diagram for each approach and transition Figure 7 17 Airport Approach Page Airport Identifier Symbol and Type Map Image Approach Procedure Name Transitions IAF s Feeder Ro...

Page 119: ... transition or select VECTORS for guidance only along the final course segment of the approach Figure 7 19 Transitions Window 6 Press the ENT Key To remove the flashing cursor press the small right knob NOTE Not all approaches in the database are approved for GPS use When selecting an approach a GPS designation to the right of the procedure name indicates the procedure can be flown using the GPS r...

Page 120: ...roach and transition using the steps outlined in Section 6 1 Figure 7 20 Figure 7 20 Airport Approach Page 2 Press the MENU Key to display the Airport Approach Page Menu 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight Load intoActive FPL and press the ENT Key Figure 7 21 Figure 7 21 Airport Approach Page Menu 4 TheActive Flight Plan Page appears Press the FPL Key to return to the Airport Procedures Page ...

Page 121: ...nt Page Group Number of Pages in Current Page Group Current Page Group Scrolling through the available arrivals 1 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 2 Turn the large right knob to place the cursor on the arrival ARVL procedure name field Figure 7 22 3 Turn the small right knob to display a window of available arrivals for the selected airport Figure 7 23 Continue turning the small r...

Page 122: ...ght knob Airport Arrival Page Options The following option is available for the Airport Arrival Page by pressing the MENU Key Load into Active FPL allows the pilot to load the selected arrival into the active flight plan This is identical to loading an arrival procedure from the Procedures Page as described in Section 6 1 Loading an arrival procedure from the Airport Arrival Page 1 Select the desi...

Page 123: ... the departure DEP procedure name field Figure 7 27 3 Turn the small right knob to display a window of available departures for the selected airport Figure 7 28 Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired departure Figure 7 28 Departure Window 4 Press the ENT Key The cursor moves to the runway field 5 Turn the small right knob to display a window of available runways Figure 7 29 Co...

Page 124: ...Figure 7 31 displays the latitude longitude region and country for the selected intersection The Intersection Page also displays the identifier radial and distance from the nearest VOR VORTAC or VOR DME Figure 7 31 Intersection Page Intersection Identifier and Symbol Region Country Nearest VOR and Symbol Radial and Distance from Nearest VOR Latitude Longitude Position Number of Pages in Current Pa...

Page 125: ... facility s frequency 7 10 VOR Page The VOR Page Figure 7 33 displays the facility name city region country magnetic variation latitude and longitude for the selected VOR The VOR Page also displays the frequency and a weather broadcast indication if applicable Figure 7 33 VOR Page VOR Identifier and Symbol Facility Name City and Region Country Frequency and Weather Broadcast Indication Latitude Lo...

Page 126: ... true depending upon unit configuration DIS Distance from reference waypoint in nautical miles statute miles kilometers depending upon unit configuration Position Latitude Longitude degrees minutes or degrees minutes seconds MGRS or UTM UPS User waypoints may only be selected by name identifier as described in Section 7 1 Creating User Waypoints User waypoints may be created from the User Waypoint...

Page 127: ...nd large right knobs to enter a name for the new waypoint and press the ENT Key 3 Turn the large right knob to highlight the first reference waypoint REF WPT field 4 Use the small and large right knobs to enter the identifier of the reference waypoint The reference waypoint can be an airport VOR NDB intersection or another user waypoint Press the ENT Key to accept the selected identifier 5 The cur...

Page 128: ...is stored with the user waypoint By default this field displays a radial from the nearest VOR However the pilot can select any waypoint by identifier to use as a reference in this field The GNC 420 can store user defined waypoints which are generated from other equipment in the panel For example an EFIS equipped with joystick inputs can be used to create user waypoints which if the installation su...

Page 129: ...int on the User Waypoint Page and enter the new position information directly over the old information Modifying a user waypoint by changing its latitude longitude position 1 With the User Waypoint Page displayed press the small right knob to activate the cursor 2 Use the small and large right knobs to enter the name of the desired waypoint and press the ENT Key 3 Turn the large right knob to high...

Page 130: ...ursor moves to the radial RAD field Figure 7 44 Use the small and large right knobs to change the radial from the reference waypoint if desired Press the ENT Key to accept the selected radial Figure 7 44 Radial Field Selected 6 The cursor moves to the distance DIS field Figure 7 45 Use the small and large right knobs to change the distance from the reference waypoint to the new user waypoint if de...

Page 131: ...lable memory Figure 7 47 If more user waypoints are stored than can be displayed on a single screen turn the large right knob to scroll through the UserWaypoint List Figure 7 47 User Waypoint List Page 4 Press the small right knob to return to the User Waypoint Page Delete User Waypoint allows the pilot to delete the selected waypoint from memory Deleting a user waypoint 1 Select the desired waypo...

Page 132: ...ilot may review all information defining the waypoint and its position 4 To modify the waypoint s position or reference waypoint information follow the steps described in this section 5 To exit the User Waypoint Page turn the large right knob to highlight Done and press the ENT Key Renaming a user waypoint from the User Waypoint List 1 Select the User Waypoint List as described in this section 2 T...

Page 133: ...th Yes highlighted press the ENT Key to delete the selected user waypoint Deleting all user waypoints from memory 1 Select the User Waypoint List as described in this section 2 Press the MENU Key to display a menu for the User Waypoint List Figure 7 53 Figure 7 53 User Waypoint List Page Menu 3 With Delete All User Waypoints highlighted press the ENT Key 4 A delete all waypoints confirmation windo...

Page 134: ...GNC 420 A Pilot s Guide and Reference 7 24 SECTION 7 WPT PAGES Blank Page 190 00140 20 Rev K ...

Page 135: ...rest Flight Service Station FSS and center ARTCC FIR points of communication plus alerts the pilot to any Special Use SUA or Controlled Airspaces Page Groups NAV Group WPT Group AUX Group NRST Group see Section 3 see Section 7 see Section 9 8 NRST pages Table 8 1 Page Groups Figure 8 1 NRST Pages NRST Airport NRST Intersection NRST NDB NRST VOR NRST User NRST Center NRST Flight Service NRST Airspa...

Page 136: ...e using the steps outlined on the preceding page 2 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 3 Turn the large right knob to scroll through the list The scroll bar along the right hand side of the page indicates which part of the list is currently being viewed Figure 8 3 Figure 8 3 Nearest Airport Page Scroll Bar 4 Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor The Nearest ARTCC P...

Page 137: ...r waypoint as a direct to destination 1 Use the flashing cursor to scroll through a NRST page list Figure 8 5 and highlight the desired nearest waypoint as outlined in Section 8 1 Figure 8 5 Nearest VOR Page 2 Press the Direct to Key to display the select Direct to Waypoint Page Figure 8 6 Figure 8 6 Direct to Waypoint Page 3 Press the ENT Key to accept the selected waypoint s identifier and press...

Page 138: ...ng airports do not appear on the list The pilot may wish to use this feature to exclude seaplane bases or runway lengths which would be difficult or impossible to land upon See Section 9 5 Setup Page 2 Nearest Airport Criteria for additional details The Nearest Airport Page may be used to quickly tune the COM transceiver to a nearby airport The selected frequency is placed in the standby field of ...

Page 139: ...3 Turn the large right knob to scroll through the list highlighting the identifier of the desired airport Figure 8 12 Figure 8 12 Desired Airport Highlighted 4 Press the ENT Key to display the Airport Location Page for the selected airport Figure 8 13 Figure 8 13 Airport Location Page 5 To view additionalWPT pages for the selected airport including theAirport Runway Page and the Airport Frequency ...

Page 140: ...Page Group Intersection Identifier and Symbol Position of Current Page within Current Page Group Number of Pages in Current Page Group 8 4 Nearest NDB Page The Nearest NDB Page Figure 8 16 displays the identifier symbol bearing distance and frequency to the nine nearest NDBs within 200 nm of the present position To view additional information for a nearby NDB start from the nearest NDB Page and fo...

Page 141: ... in Section 8 1 2 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 3 Turn the large right knob to scroll through the list highlighting the identifier of the desired VOR Figure 8 18 Figure 8 18 Nearest VOR Page 4 Press the ENT Key to display theVOR Page for the selected VOR 5 To return to the nearest VOR Page verify that Done is highlighted by the flashing cursor and press the ENT Key or press the...

Page 142: ...ent Page Group Frequency ies Position of Current Page within Current Page Group Number of Pages in Current Page Group Quickly tuning an ARTCC s frequency from the Nearest Center Page 1 Select the Nearest Center Page using the steps outlined in Section 8 1 2 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 3 Turn the large right knob to scroll through the list selecting the desired ARTCC 4 Turn th...

Page 143: ...ceive only or transmit only frequencies The associated VOR is also provided for reference Figure 8 23 Nearest FSS Page FSS Name Bearing To and Distance To Current Page Group Frequency ies VOR Identifier For Duplex Operation Position of Current Page within Current Page Group Number of Pages in Current Page Group Quickly tuning an FSS s frequency from the Nearest Flight Service Station Page 1 Select...

Page 144: ...ding to the following conditions If the projected course will take the aircraft inside an airspace within the next ten minutes the alert message Airspace ahead less than 10 minutes appears Figure 8 27 The Nearest Airspace Page shows the airspace as Ahead Figure 8 27 Airspace Messages If the aircraft is within two nautical miles of an airspace and the current course will take the aircraft inside th...

Page 145: ...us page Once an airspace alert message appears detailed information concerning the specific airspace is provided on the Nearest Airspace Page Figure 8 29 The Nearest Airspace Page displays the airspace name status Ahead Ahead 2nm etc as described on the preceding page and a time to entry if applicable By selecting any airspace name listed on the Nearest Airspace Page additional details are provide...

Page 146: ...ress the ENT Key 6 Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor Viewing and quickly tuning the frequency for a controlling agency 1 Follow steps 1 through 4 on the preceding page to display the Airspace Page Figure 8 32 for the desired controlled or special use airspace 2 Turn the large right knob to highlight Frequencies and press the ENT Key 3 Turn the large right knob to scroll thro...

Page 147: ...Warning The bottom right hand corner of the Airspace Page displays the floor and ceiling limits of the airspace The following are examples of what may appear as vertical limits for an airspace 5000 ft msl 5000 feet mean sea level 5000 ft agl 5000 feet above ground level MSL at mean sea level Notam Notice to Airmen Unknown Unlimited See Chart Surface All airspace alert messages except for prohibite...

Page 148: ...GNC 420 A Pilot s Guide and Reference 8 14 SECTION 8 NRST PAGES Blank Page 190 00140 20 Rev K ...

Page 149: ... 8 Table 9 1 Page Groups Figure 9 1 AUX Pages Flight Planning Utility Setup 1 Setup 2 NOTE The AUX Page Group may have five AUX pages available when the GNC 420 installation includes connection to a weather information source See Section 11 of this manual for more information Quickly selecting an AUX page 1 From any page press and hold the CLR Key to select the Default NAV Page Figure 9 2 If any o...

Page 150: ...ng additional information and features Figure 9 4 Flight Planning Page Current Page Group Menu Options to Select Highlight with Cursor and Press the ENT Key Position of Current Page within Current Page Group Number of Pages in Current Page Group Selecting a menu option from the Flight Planning Page 1 Press the small right knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor Figure 9 4 2 Turn the large...

Page 151: ...e aircraft can perform depending upon several environmental conditions including indicated altitude IND ALT barometric pressure BARO and total air temperature TAT the temperature including the heating effect of speed read on a standard outside temperature gauge This menu option computes true airspeed TAS based upon the factors above and the calibrated airspeed CAS Also this menu option determines ...

Page 152: ...on to review separate fuel information for left and right engines 3 For point to point fuel planning Figure 9 9 turn the small and large right knobs to enter the identifier of the from waypoint Once the waypoint s identifier is entered press the ENT Key to accept the waypoint The flashing cursor moves to the to waypoint Again turn the small and large right knobs to enter the identifier of the to w...

Page 153: ... and large right knobs to enter the ground speed Press the ENT Key when finished 9 With all variables entered the following information is provided see also Figure 9 12 REQ Quantity of fuel required LFOB Left over fuel on board LRES Left over fuel reserve time EFF Efficiency expressed in distance per fuel units e g nautical miles per gallon RNG Range distance ENDUR Flight endurance or total availa...

Page 154: ...planning operations 1 Select Trip Planning from the Flight Planning Page using the steps described in this section 2 The current trip planning leg mode is displayed at the top of the page POINT TO POINT or FPL LEG for a flight plan leg To change the leg mode press the MENU Key to display the Flight Planning Page Menu for the other leg mode then press the ENT Key to accept the other leg mode 3 For ...

Page 155: ...TE Estimated time enroute ESA Enroute safe altitude ETA Estimated time of arrival Figure 9 16 Trip Planning Page Flight Planning Page Density Alt TAS Winds Calculating density altitude true airspeed and winds aloft 1 Select Density Alt TAS Winds from the Flight Planning Page Figure 9 17 using the steps described at the beginning of this section Figure 9 17 Density Alt TAS Winds Highlighted 2 The f...

Page 156: ...inished Figure 9 19 Heading Field Highlighted 7 With all variables entered the following information is provided DEN ALT Density altitude TAS True airspeed WIND Wind direction and speed HEAD TAIL WIND Magnitude of head wind or tail wind component NOTE If the installation includes components such as an airdata sensor to provide any of the variables above the DensityAlt TAS Winds Page data defaults ...

Page 157: ... error or data transfer cancelled are received during an automatic or manual transfer the pilot must force another transfer Transferring flight plans or user waypoints to from a second 400 500 series unit 1 Select Crossfill from the Flight Planning Page using the steps described at the beginning of this section 2 The flashing cursor highlights the method field Turn the small right knob to select A...

Page 158: ... is highlighted Turn the small right knob to select the desired flight plan and press the ENT Key 6 For a specified user waypoint UserWaypoint data option the waypoint identifier field is highlighted Use the small and large right knobs to enter the identifier of the desired user waypoint Press the ENT Key when finished 7 The flashing cursor moves to the CROSS SIDE field Turn the small right knob t...

Page 159: ...s described at the beginning of this section 2 The flashing cursor highlights the first message field 3 To edit the message text turn the large right knob to highlight the desired message field Use the small and large right knobs to edit the message text entering the new text directly over the old message Press the ENT Key when finished 4 To edit the time field turn the large right knob to highlig...

Page 160: ...p Number of Pages in Current Page Group Selecting a menu option from the Utility Page 1 Press the small right knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor Figure 9 29 2 Turn the large right knob to select the desired menu option Figure 9 30 and press the ENT Key Figure 9 31 Figure 9 30 Sunrise Sunset Highlighted Figure 9 31 Waypoint Field Highlighted The following menu options are available Ch...

Page 161: ...icates that satellite coverage is insufficient to pass built in RAIM tests When this occurs the GPS receiver continues to provide navigation information but should not be used for primary navigation guidance Use an alternate navigation source Figure 9 32 INTEG Annunciation If a WARN annunciation appears at the bottom left corner GPS satellite coverage may be sufficient but the GNC 420 has detected...

Page 162: ...ght knobs to enter each checklist item followed each time by the ENT Key Each checklist may contain up to 30 line items of as much as 16 characters long Executing a checklist 1 With the Checklists Page displayed Figure 9 34 turn the large right knob to select the desired checklist and press the ENT Key Figure 9 34 Desired Checklist Highlighted 2 As each checklist item is completed press the ENT Ke...

Page 163: ...nob to select Copy Checklist and press the ENT Key to copy the checklist to an empty checklist memory location Sorting the checklists by name or entry 1 With the Checklists Page displayed press the MENU Key to display an options menu 2 Turn the large right knob to select Sort List By Entry or Sort List By Name and press the ENT Key Utility Page Flight Timers Viewing using or resetting the generic ...

Page 164: ...t mode Figure 9 38 Pwr on records a departure time when the GNC 420 is turned on GS 30kt records a departure time once the GPS computed ground speed exceeds 30 knots Figure 9 38 Reset Mode Window 4 Press the ENT Key when finished 5 To reset the departure time turn the largeright knob to highlight Reset and press the ENT Key Viewing using or resetting total trip time 1 Select Flight Timers from the...

Page 165: ...l Resets all trip statistics readouts Figure 9 41 Trip Statistics Page Menu 3 Turn the large right knob to select the desired reset option and press the ENT Key Utility Page RAIM Prediction Predicting RAIM availability 1 Select RAIM Prediction from the Utility Page Figure 9 42 using the steps described at the beginning of this section Figure 9 42 RAIM Prediction Highlighted 2 The flashing cursor h...

Page 166: ...roaches Figure 9 44 Compute RAIM Highlighted NOTE RAIM computations predict satellite coverage within 15 minutes of the specified arrival date and time Refer to Section 9 4 for specific information regarding RAIM protection limits also refer to Section 12 for FDE Fault Detection and Exclusion information Utility Page Sunrise Sunset Calculating sunrise and sunset times at any waypoint or the presen...

Page 167: ...Figure 9 48 Software Versions Page Utility Page Database Versions The Database Versions Page Figure 9 49 displays the navigation database type and version information as well as the land database type and version This page is for information purposes only no user functions are available from this page Figure 9 49 Database Versions Page Utility Page Terrain Database Versions The Terrain Database Ve...

Page 168: ...pace message alerts on or off This does not affect the alerts listed on the Nearest Airspace Page or the airspace boundaries depicted on the Map Page It simply turns on off the warning provided when approaching or near an airspace An altitude buffer is also provided which expands the vertical range above or below an airspace For example if the buffer is set at 500 feet and the aircraft is more tha...

Page 169: ...4 0 nm 5 0 nm or Auto enroute 2 0 nm 1 0 nm or Auto terminal 1 0 nm 0 3 nm or Auto approach 0 3 nm Table 9 2 CDI Scales An arrival alarm provided on the CDI Alarms Page may be set to notify the pilot with a message when the aircraft has reached a user defined distance to the final destination the direct to waypoint or the last waypoint in a flight plan Once the aircraft has reached the set distanc...

Page 170: ...rent local time UTC also called GMT or Zulu date and time are calculated directly from the GPS satellites signals and cannot be changed To use local time simply designate the offset by adding or subtracting the correct number of hours Setup 1 Page Airspace Alarms Setting the airspace warning messages or changing the altitude buffer 1 Select AirspaceAlarms from the Setup 1 Page Figure 9 55 using th...

Page 171: ...ng the CDI scale 1 Select CDI Alarms from the Setup 1 Page Figure 9 58 using the steps described at the beginning of this section Figure 9 58 CDI Alarms Highlighted 2 The flashing cursor highlights the Selected CDI field Figure 9 59 Turn the small right knob to select the desired CDI scale The selected scale and any lower scale settings are used during the various phases of flight as described at ...

Page 172: ... CDI scale is always measured in nautical miles regardless of the current distance units of measure selected on the Units Mag Var Page Setup 1 Page Units Mag Var Setting the magnetic variation 1 Select Units Mag Var from the Setup 1 Page Figure 9 61 using the steps described at the beginning of this section Figure 9 61 Units Mag Var Highlighted 2 The flashing cursor highlights the heading mode fie...

Page 173: ...Gallons Imperial Gallons Kilograms Liters or Pounds 3 Turn the small right knob to select the desired units of measure for the selected category Press the ENT Key to accept the selection Setup 1 Page Position Format Map Datum Changing the position format 1 Select Position Format Map Datum from the Setup 1 Page Figure 9 64 using the steps described at the beginning of this section Figure 9 64 Posit...

Page 174: ...ay a window of available time formats Local 12hr Local 24hr or UTC Figure 9 67 Time Format Window 3 Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired time format 4 Press the ENT Key to accept the selection Setting the local time 1 Select Date Time from the Setup 1 Page using the steps described at the beginning of this section 2 Turn the large right knob to highlight the time offset fiel...

Page 175: ...e MENU Key to display the Date Time Page Menu Figure 9 69 Figure 9 69 Date Time Page Menu 3 With Restore Defaults highlighted press the ENT Key 9 5 Setup 2 Page The Setup 2 Page Figure 9 70 provides access via menu options to display adjustments parameters which define the nearest airport search and COM transceiver channel spacing When a menu option is selected the corresponding page appears provi...

Page 176: ... display Nearest Airport Criteria Defines the minimum runway length and surface type used when determining the nine nearest airports to display on the Nearest Airport Page A minimum runway length and or surface type may be entered to prevent airports with small runways or runways that are not of appropriate surface from being displayed The default settings are 0 feet or meters for runway length an...

Page 177: ... the flashing cursor moves to the backlight level field Turn the small right knob to select the desired level Press the ENT Key to accept the selection Changing the display contrast 1 Select Display from the Setup 2 Page using the steps described at the beginning of this section 2 Turn the large right knob to highlight the contrast mode field Figure 9 75 Figure 9 75 Contrast Mode Field Highlighted...

Page 178: ...w 3 Press the ENT Key to accept the runway surface selection 4 The flashing cursor moves to the minimum runway length field Figure 9 77 To enter a different minimum runway length use the small and large right knobs to enter the desired length Press the ENT Key when finished Figure 9 77 Minimum Runway Length Field Selected Setup 2 Page COM Configuration Setting the COM channel spacing 1 Select COM ...

Page 179: ...Desired Track ESA Enroute Safe Altitude ETA Estimated Time of Arrival FLOW Total Fuel Flow GS Ground Speed MSA Minimum Safe Altitude TKE Track Angle Error TRK Track VSR Vertical Speed Required WPT Active Waypoint XTK Cross Track Error Table 9 3 Figure 9 80 Select Field Type Window 3 Press the ENT Key to accept the data type 4 Press the small right knob to remove the cursor and return to the Setup ...

Page 180: ...emove the cursor and return to the Setup 2 Page NOTE The Traffic selection in the Auxiliary Configuration Field is only available if the GNC 420 is configured for interface with a traffic information device see Section 11 Restoring Factory Settings When making changes to any Setup 2 Page option a Restore Defaults menu selection restores the original factory settings for the selected option Restori...

Page 181: ... TERRAIN databases comes from government agencies Garmin accurately processes and cross validates the data but cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the data TERRAIN displays terrain and obstructions relative to the altitude of the aircraft The displayed alerts are advisory in nature only Individual obstructions may be shown if available in the database However all obstructions may not...

Page 182: ...and GPS MSL altitude are used to calculate and predict the aircraft s flight path in relation to the surrounding terrain and obstacles In this manner TERRAIN can provide advanced alerts of predicted dangerous terrain conditions Detailed alert modes are described later in this section Baro Corrected Altitude Baro correctedaltitude orindicatedaltitude isderived by adjusting the altimeter setting for...

Page 183: ... Path 1000 ft 100 ft Threshold Terrain more than 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude Black Terrain between 100 ft and 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude Yellow Terrain above or within 100 ft below the aircraft altitude Red Figure 10 1 Terrain Altitude Color Correlation Unlighted Obstacle Lighted Obstacle Potential Impact Points Obstacle Location Alert Level 1000 AGL 1000 AGL 1000 AGL 1000 AGL Obs...

Page 184: ...Table 10 2 Figure 10 2 TERRAIN Annunciation Field TERRAIN Annunciation NOTE TERRAIN Advisory Alerts are displayed as constant black text on a yellow background TERRAIN CautionAlerts are displayed as flashing black text on a yellow background Pop up terrain alerts Figure 10 3 10 4 can also appear during an alert but only when the TERRAIN Page is not displayed There are two options when an alert is ...

Page 185: ...d Terrain Clearance RTC Advisory Required Terrain Clearance RTC Caution FLASHING FLASHING Imminent Terrain Impact ITI Advisory Imminent Terrain Impact ITI Caution FLASHING FLASHING Required Obstacle Clearance ROC Advisory Required Obstacle Clearance ROC Caution FLASHING FLASHING Imminent Obstacle Impact IOI Advisory Imminent Obstacle Impact IOI Caution FLASHING FLASHING Premature Descent Alert PDA...

Page 186: ... issued a potential impact point is displayed on the TERRAIN Page Imminent Terrain Impact ITI and Imminent Obstacle Impact IOI These alerts are issued when the aircraft is below the elevation of a terrain or obstacle cell in the aircraft s projected path ITI and IOI alerts are accompanied by a potential impact point displayed on the TERRAIN Page The alert is annunciated when the projected vertical...

Page 187: ...14 15 Too Low Terrain Too Low Terrain Runway Threshold Figure 10 5 PDA Alerting Threshold TERRAIN Inhibit TERRAIN also has an inhibit mode that deactivates the FLTA PDA visual alerts Pilots should use discretion when inhibiting TERRAIN and always remember to enable the system when appropriate Inhibiting TERRAIN 1 Select theTERRAIN Page and press the MENU Key Inhibit Terrain is selected by default ...

Page 188: ... isgeneratedontheTERRAIN Page Figure 10 8 When the GPS signal is re established and the aircraft is within the database coverage area the TER N A visual annunciation is removed Figure 10 8 TERRAIN NOT AVAILABLE Display TERRAIN Failure Alert TERRAIN continually monitors several system critical items such as database validity hardware status and GPS status If the terrain obstacle database is not ava...

Page 189: ...racy and completeness of the data The terrain obstacle databases are contained on a datacard which is inserted in the right most slot of the GNC 420 units Appendix A NOTE Obstacles 200 and higher are included in the Obstacle Database It is very important to note that not all obstacles are necessarily charted and therefore may not be contained in the Obstacle Database Database Versions Theversionan...

Page 190: ...nsert the new card into the right most slot of the GNC 420 4 Turn on the GNC 420 and verify that the TERRAIN system passes self test Terrain Obstacle Database Areas of Coverage Table 10 5 lists the area of coverage available in each database Regional definitions may change without notice Database Coverage Area Worldwide WW Latitudes N75 to S60 Longitudes W180 to E180 United States US Limited to th...

Page 191: ...X330ModeSTransponder and a GDL 49 or GDL 69 A Data Link Satellite Receiver NOTE Proximity Advisories and Other Traffic symbols normally displayed in white may be displayed in cyan if configured for alternate traffic color see the 400 series installation manual 11 1 Traffic Information Service TIS This section is written for Garmin GNC 420 Main System Software Version 5 01 and later GTX 330 330D Ma...

Page 192: ...ns section of the Aeronautical Information Manual Section 1 3 5 TIS is not intended to be used as a collision avoidance system and does not relieve the pilot responsibility to see and avoid other aircraft TIS should not be used for avoidance maneuvers during IMC or other times when there is no visual contact with the intruder aircraft TIS is intended only to assist in visual acquisition of other a...

Page 193: ...nce and altitude remain relatively accurate and may be used to assist see and avoid Some of the more common examples of these errors follow When client or intruder aircraft maneuver excessively or abruptly the tracking algorithm may report incorrect horizontal position until the maneuvering aircraft stabilizes When a rapidly closing intruder is on a course that crosses the client aircraft course a...

Page 194: ...ding to TCAS symbology on a dedicated Traffic page and on the moving Map Page The symbology is shown in Table 11 1 and Figures 11 2 11 3 and 11 4 The symbology is described in Table 11 2 A Traffic Advisory TA symbol appears as a solid yellow circle or half circle on the outer range ring if the traffic is outside the range of the dedicated Traffic Page Other Traffic is displayed as hollow white may...

Page 195: ...d Track The target track vector is a short line displayed in 45 increments The vector protrudes from each target symbol in the approximate direction of travel Table 11 2 TIS Options Traffic Page TIS Traffic data is displayed on the Traffic Page Figure 11 5 and the Map Page Unlike other forms of traffic TIS traffic does not require heading data to be valid on the map If heading is available the Tra...

Page 196: ...sponder Figure 11 9 No Data Message OPER When the Traffic Page displays OPER in the upper right hand corner of the display Figure 11 11 the TIS system is in operational mode and available to display traffic on the Traffic or Map Page STANDBY When the Traffic Page displays STANDBY Figure 11 10 the TIS system is in standby mode and cannot display traffic data Figure 11 10 Standby Message TRFC CST Th...

Page 197: ...pressing the ENT Key or go back to the previous page by pressing the CLR Key Figure 11 13 Traffic Warning Window NOTE The Traffic Warning Window is disabled when the aircraft ground speed is less than 30 knots or when an approach is active Non Bearing Traffic Advisory TA Banner Traffic is only displayed graphically if aircraft heading data is available When heading is not available Traffic Advisor...

Page 198: ...proximity advisories are displayed on the Map Page proximity advisories are not applicable to TIS configuration TA only Only traffic advisories are displayed on the Map Page TRAFC SMBL Allows the user to select the map range at which the traffic symbol s and TA text appear TRAFC LBL Allows the user to select at what map range the altitude trend arrow and altitude deviation indicator appear Figure ...

Page 199: ...ing TIS Traffic Using Map Page Panning Another Map Page feature is panning which allows the pilot to move the map beyond its current limits without adjusting the map scale Press the small right knob to select the panning function a target pointer flashes on the map display A window appears at the top of the map display showing the latitude longitude position of the pointer plus the bearing and dis...

Page 200: ...g mode from the standby mode to display TIS traffic 1 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor and highlight STBY 2 Turn the small right knob to select OPER 3 Press the ENT Key to confirm Placing the display into standby mode from operating mode to stop displaying TIS traffic 1 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor and highlight OPER 2 Turn the small right knob to select STBY ...

Page 201: ...hat the intruder is outside of the current range of the Traffic Page Proximity Advisory PA Proximity Advisories PA are displayed as solid white may be configured as cyan diamonds PAs are defined as traffic within the 6 0 nm range within 1200 ft of altitude separation and are not a traffic advisory TA Other Traffic Symbol The hollow white may be configured as cyan diamond represents traffic detecte...

Page 202: ...ivity Level Intruder Altitude Available TA Alerting Conditions A Yes Intruder closing rate provides less than 20 seconds of vertical and horizontal separation Or Intruder range is within 0 2 nm and vertical separation is within 600 feet A No Intruder closing rate is less than 15 seconds B Yes Intruder closing rate provides less than 30 seconds of vertical and horizontal separation Or Intruder rang...

Page 203: ...squat switch the Standby Screen is displayed Figure 11 21 If the GTS 8XX fails the power up test as indicated by a FAILED screen the GTS 8XX is inoperable see the GTS 8XX Installation Manual for detailed information on Failure Response NOTE The FAILED message is displayed when the system detects an error that prohibits further traffic display operation NOTE When the system is in standby the GTS 8X...

Page 204: ...ey to confirm and place the GTS 8XX in standby mode NOTE The GTS 8XX goes into standby mode 24 seconds after landing which is determined by ground speed or by a transition of the aircraft squat switch if connected This delay allows the GTS 8XX to remain out of standby during a touch and go maneuver Traffic Page Traffic can be displayed both on the Map Page only if heading is available and on the T...

Page 205: ...play Mode 1 From the Traffic Page press the small right knob to activate the cursor and highlight the current mode Figure 11 25 2 Turn the small right knob to cycle through the options The screen changes to display the traffic detected within the selected altitude display range Refer to Figure 11 24 for information regarding altitude display ranges Figure 11 24 Altitude Display Modes 2 700 ft Norm...

Page 206: ... active Display Range Traffic Banner Figure 11 27 Traffic Banner Configuring Traffic Data on the Map Page Traffic is only displayed on the Map Page if aircraft heading data is available The Traffic Mode setting allows the operator to choose which traffic type is displayed all traffic traffic and proximity advisories or traffic advisories only The Traffic Symbol and Traffic Label settings determine...

Page 207: ...page function is panning which allows changing the map beyond its current limits without adjusting the map scale Select the panning function by pressing the small right knob a target pointer flashes on the map display Figure 11 30 Also a window appears at the top of the map display showing the latitude longitude position of the pointer and the bearing and distance to the pointer from the present p...

Page 208: ...XRAD and METAR data is collected by the National Weather Service and disseminated to Meteorlogix a weather information provider This data is then delivered to a weather server in the Echo Flight Message System With the weather data on the system an incoming customer request is filled logged and turned around for delivery to ORBCOMM in less than five seconds ORBCOMM is a provider of global messagin...

Page 209: ...tenna points directly at the sun Military aircraft deploy metallic dust chaff which can cause alterations in radar scans Interference from buildings or mountains which may cause shadows NEXRAD Limitations CAUTION NEXRAD weather data is to be used for long range planning purposes only Due to inherent delays and relative age of the data that can be experienced NEXRAD weather data cannot be used for ...

Page 210: ... hour Source of NEXRAD Echo GDL 49 GDL 69 Atmos Cloud Rain Snow Sleet Hail 10 00 00 10 00 00 5 00 trace 0 00 trace 05 Very Light GREEN 5 00 trace 10 Light GREEN 10 0 trace 10 Light Light 15 01 1 2 Light Light 20 02 2 3 Light Light 25 05 3 5 Light Light Medium YELLOW YELLOW 30 09 5 7 Light Moderate Moderate 35 24 7 1 0 Moderate Heavy 40 48 1 or sleet Heavy Heavy RED RED 45 1 25 1 or sleet Heavy Hea...

Page 211: ...RAD data from a specific waypoint identifier If From ID is selected as the reference point for the request the WPT field is displayed in place of Position The WPT field is used to enter a waypoint identifier as the reference point for the request From Lat Lon Request NEXRAD data from a specific latitude and longitude This is only selectable when requesting from the map The Position field displays ...

Page 212: ...s on the NEXRAD Request Page 5 Select Manual Send or Update Request and press the ENT Key The request has been sent Note that selecting Auto Request and pressing the ENT Key does not send the request until after the auto time period 6 To exit from the NEXRAD Request Page press the small right knob The Data Link Page is displayed Requesting NEXRAD data from the Map Page 1 Select the Map Page 2 Pres...

Page 213: ...e Weather Page The pilot can customize the NEXRAD data on the Weather Page from the Page Options Menu Customizing the NEXRAD data on the Weather Page 1 From the Weather Page press the MENU Key to display the NAV Weather Page Options Menu 2 Select from the following options to customize the NEXRAD data View 120 View 360 There are two viewing options available each shown relative to the position of ...

Page 214: ... Map Page 5 Highlight the NEXRAD Density field use the small right knob to set the density desired i e the transparency see Table 11 7 of the NEXRAD cells The density values are LOW MED HIGH Press the ENT Key to make the selection then press the CLR Key to go back to the Map Page Precipitation Intensity Map Configuration Pattern Color Light Precipitation Low sparse dotted area fill Green Light Pre...

Page 215: ...ting the Airport Location Page Use the small and large right knobs to select the Airport Location Page from the WPT Group of pages On the Map Page move the target pointer to highlight an on screen airport Press the ENT Key On any page that displays an airport identifier use the cursor and highlight the desired airport identifier Press the ENT Key Once the Airport Location Page is displayed enter t...

Page 216: ...yed Figure 11 39 Figure 11 39 Data Link Request Log Page Sending Position Reports GDL 49 Only The Data Link allows for accurate location tracking of the aircraft by sending the aircraft s position manually or automatically to the EchoFlight website www EchoFlight com for use by third party EchoFlight customers Sending the Present Position 1 Select the Data Link Page see preceding step 1 2 Highligh...

Page 217: ...end This field is used to send out a current single position report Figure 11 41 Figure 11 41 Position Report Page Requesting Graphical METARs Graphical METAR data can be requested from the Data Link Page Map Page or Airport Page Requesting graphical METARs from the Data Link Page 1 Select the Data Link Page from the AUX Page Group 2 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor Turn the small...

Page 218: ...use as the reference point for the request Radius Graphical requests only This field selects a request radius from 50 to 250 nm from the selected position Position also WPT or Flight Plan Current Posn Position is current Look Ahead Position is look ahead position From ID Position is from the ID entered into the WPT field Flight Plan is the ID selected from the active flight plan Auto Request GDL 4...

Page 219: ...ent Note that selecting Auto Request and pressing the ENT Key does not send the request until after the auto time period 6 To exit from the METAR Request Page press the small right knob The Map Page is displayed Displaying graphical METARs on the NAV Weather Page Once received graphical METAR data is displayed on the NAV Weather Page Displaying graphical METARs on the NAV Weather Page 1 Select the...

Page 220: ...played Figure 11 45 for the type of data that was selected Use the small right knob and scroll through the various descriptions for the symbols that are shown Press the small right knob to return to the Weather Page Figure 11 45 Weather Legend Page for METAR Data The following symbology is shown for the various types of data For METAR Data Age of Data in Minutes Ceiling Visibility and Precipitatio...

Page 221: ... field flashes 3 Turn the small right knob and select TEMP DP 4 Press the small right knob The Temperature Dewpoints are displayed on the NAV Weather Page NOTE See a complete description of all METAR Wind and Temp Dewpoint symbols at the end of this section Troubleshooting Although it is the responsibility of the facility that installed the GDL 49 or GDL 69 69A to correct any hardware problems the...

Page 222: ... SAT ID CONNECTIVITY FIELD MESSAGE DESCRIPTION _ _ _ RS 232 communication with the GDL 49 has been lost Data Link has failed There is a disconnect inside the GDL 49 Linked to sat Can exchange data with the satellite Satellite in view Found satellite but have not yet identified it Searching No satellite is currently in view Table 11 8 Sat ID Connectivity Field SATCOM Operation This field indicates ...

Page 223: ...oor 2 good and 3 excellent XM GDL 69 69A not yet communicating with internal satellite radio hardware normal during power up X0 X1 X2 or X3 X Satellite radio service activated Satellite signal quality is indicated by the numbers 0 1 2 or 3 where 0 none 1 poor 2 good and 3 excellent Table 11 10 Sat ID Field CONNECTIVITY FIELD MESSAGE DESCRIPTION Satellite in view Indicates a signal quality between ...

Page 224: ...ising rapidly RA Rain RMK Remarks SCT Scattered clouds SLP Sea Level Pressure SM Statue Miles SN Snow TEMPO Occasionally Trrn Terrain TS Thunderstorm VV Vertical Visibility Table 11 12 Forecast Abbreviations METAR Graphics The age symbols listed in Table 11 13 are common to METARs Winds and Temperature Dewpoint graphics METAR Winds and Temperature Dewpoints Age Graphics 0 10 minutes Green 11 20 mi...

Page 225: ... kts above sustained wind speed G10 Green Wind is gusting 5 10 kts more than sustained speed G11 Yellow Wind is gusting 11 kts or more above its sustained speed Table 11 17 Gust Offset Graphics To interpret wind speed add the values of each of the wind speed barbs In Figure 11 49 there are two long barbs 10 knots each and one short barb 5 knots each Thus the total wind speed is 25 knots Adding the...

Page 226: ...lay Ranges Blank Unknown 11 Green 7 10 Green 0 6 Yellow Table 11 18 Temp Dewpoint Ranges This symbol in Figure 11 50 displays the difference between the reported temperature and dewpoint as 7 10 degrees Fahrenheit at KSPW Figure 11 50 Temp Dewpoint Symbol Temperature Dewpoint 190 00140 20 Rev K ...

Page 227: ...on excludes one or more failed satellites and prevents them from being used during navigation This allows the GPS receiver to return to normal performance without interruption The process is entirely automated and does not require pilot interaction during flight On the Satellite Status Page the pilot can view information related to FDE operation To enhance safety FDE functionality is provided for ...

Page 228: ...Arrival Routes STARs if a NOTAM indicates a GPS satellite or satellites is scheduled to be out of service per FAA AC 90 100 U S Terminal and En Route Area Navigation RNAV Operations Prior to departure the operator must use the FDE Prediction Program supplied with the 400 series Trainer Software Figure 12 2 to demonstrate that there are no outages in the capability to navigate on the specified rout...

Page 229: ...North The GNC 420 has not detected a NavData Card in the left data card slot Altitude input failure The GNC 420 is configured to receive altitude serializer data Icarus Rosetta or Shadin and it is not being received Or the data was being received but has been interrupted If a grey code altitude input is available it is used instead If the problem persists contact a Garmin dealer and check the inst...

Page 230: ... to reduce the temperature Check for adequate ventilation or check cooling air flow Contact a Garmin dealer for assistance COM has failed The GNC 420 has detected a failure in its communications transceiver The COM transceiver is not available and the unit should be returned to a Garmin dealer for service COM is not responding Internal system to system communication between the main processor and ...

Page 231: ... database versions of the two GNC 420s are not identical If necessary update the database s so they match Contact Jeppesen or a Garmin dealer for assistance Data transfer error please re transmit An error was detected during unit to unit crossfill of user data user waypoints and or flight plans The data transfer should be attempted again Data transfer is complete The unit to unit crossfill of user...

Page 232: ...as deleted At least one flight plan FPL waypoint is no longer available when a new NavData Card was installed database change GPS has failed The GNC 420 has detected a failure in its GPS receiver The GPS receiver is not available and the unit should be returned to a Garmin dealer for service GPS is not responding Internal system to system communication between the main processor and the GPS receiv...

Page 233: ...ude input is being received No altitude data is being received from RS 232 Serializer Icarus Rosetta or Shadin or grey code inputs If the problem persists contact a Garmin dealer and check the installation and installation settings When this message occurs no pilot action is required if enough satellites are available for a 3D position fix provided no RAIM warnings are present However if only a 2D...

Page 234: ...PS position may be in error beyond the limits allowed for the current phase of flight Cross check the position with an alternate navigation source If the warning occurs during a final approach segment FAF to MAP execute the published missed approach Scheduler message user entered text The user entered scheduler message time has expired and the scheduler message is displayed Searching the sky The G...

Page 235: ... unit should be returned to a Garmin dealer for service Timer has expired The count down timer has reached zero Traffic device needs service Either the TCAD battery or the TCAD interrogation device has failed If the message persists contact a Garmin dealer for assistance Unit configuration has changed The GNC 420 has detected a failure during initial power up in its system configuration Some syste...

Page 236: ...cator CLR Clear COM Communications Transceiver CRSR Cursor CTA ICAO Control Area CTAF Common Traffic Advisory Frequency CTR Center ARTCC CTS Course To Steer CUM Cumulative DB Database DEN Density DEP Departure DIS Distance DME Distance Measuring Equipment DOP Dilution of Precision DTK Desired Track EFF Efficiency ELEV Elevation ENDUR Endurance ENR Enroute ENT Enter EPE Estimated Position Error ESA...

Page 237: ...r Hour kt Knots LAT LON Latitude Longitude lb Pounds LCL Local LFOB Left over Fuel On Board LOC Localizer LRES Left over Fuel Reserve Time Lrg Large lt Liters M Degrees Magnetic m Meters mb Millibars of Pressure Med Medium MHz Megahertz mi Statute Miles MOA Military Operations Area mph Statute Miles Per Hour mpm Meters Per Minute mps Meters Per Second MSA Minimum Safe Altitude MSG Message MSL Mean...

Page 238: ...ecial Use Airspace T Degree True TACAN Tactical Air Navigation TAS True Airspeed TAT Total Air Temperature TEMP Temperature TERM Terminal TKE Track Angle Error TMA ICAO Terminal Control Area TRANS Transition TRFC Traffic TRK Track also Ground Track TRSA Terminal Radar Service Area twr Tower TX Transmit uni Unicom UTC Coordinated Universal Time also GMT or Zulu VAR Variation VER Version VFR Visual ...

Page 239: ...titude Height above mean sea level MSL BRG bearing The compass direction from the present position to a destination waypoint CAS calibrated airspeed Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument errors CTS course to steer The recommended direction to steer in order to reduce course error or stay on course Provides the most efficient heading to get back to the desired course and proceed along the fli...

Page 240: ...n provided by properly calibrated and set instrumentation in the aircraft panel e g indicated altitude LFOB left over fuel onboard The amount of fuel remaining on board after the completion of a one or more legs of a flight plan or a direct to LRES left over fuel reserve The amount of fuel remaining on board after the completion of a one or more legs of a flight plan or a direct to expressed in ti...

Page 241: ... and if the card is not replaced within 30 seconds the GNC 420 automatically re initializes Pressing the ENT Key will manually re initialize the unit GNC 420 Figure A 1 Data Card Slot Locations Terrain Data Card Slot right hand slot NavData Card Slot left hand slot Inserting the NavData or Terrain Data Card Figure A 2 1 Place the card into the appropriate card slot with the label facing to the lef...

Page 242: ...ont center of the data card This partially deploys the swing arm handle 2 Rotate the swing arm handle upward and outward until it locks into place perpendicular to the face of the GNC 420 unit 3 Grasp the top and bottom surfaces of the swing arm handle between your thumb and forefinger and pull directly away from the face of the GNC 420 unit to remove the data card 190 00140 20 Rev K ...

Page 243: ...nds cold Update Rate Once per second continuous Accuracy Position 15 meters 49 ft RMS Velocity 0 1 knot RMS steady state Dynamics 999 kts maximum velocity 6g maximum acceleration VHF COM PERFORMANCE Channels 760 25 kHz spacing or 2280 8 33 kHz spacing Frequency Range 118 000 MHz to 136 975 MHz Transmit Power 10 watts minimum 420 16 watts minimum 420A INTERFACES ARINC 429 Aviation RS 232 CDI HSI RM...

Page 244: ...GNC 420 A Pilot s Guide and Reference APPENDIX B SPECIFICATIONS B 2 Blank Page 190 00140 20 Rev K ...

Page 245: ...ceanic enroute and terminal phases of flight RAIM is available nearly 100 of the time Because of the tighter protection limit on approaches there may be times when RAIM is not available The GNC 420 automatically monitors RAIM and warns the pilot with an alert message Section 13 when it is not available and the INTEG annunciator appears at the bottom left corner of the screen If RAIM is not availab...

Page 246: ... been modified If an approach departure or arrival procedure is no longer available the flight plan becomes locked until the procedure is deleted from the flight plan or the correct database is installed For information on loading an approach departure or arrival see Section 6 1 See Section 5 1 for instructions on saving and copying flight plans Can I file slant Golf G using my GPS Yes the pilot m...

Page 247: ...ed the active waypoint is not the last waypoint Refer to Section 6 2 for an example using the OBS Key One application for the OBS Key is holding patterns The OBS Key is used to suspend waypoint sequencing and select the desired course along the waypoint side of the hold For many approach operations setting and resetting of waypoint sequencing is automatic Holding patterns that are part of an appro...

Page 248: ...d i e no OBS or SUSP annunciation directly above the OBS Key For automatic sequencing to occur the aircraft must also cross the bisector of the turn being navigated The bisector is a perpendicular line between two flight plan legs which crosses through the waypoint common to both legs How do I skip a waypoint in an approach departure or arrival The GNC 420 allows the pilot to manually select any a...

Page 249: ...entarily to indicate that the aircraft has crossed the midpoint of the turn For more information on waypoint alerts and turn advisories see Sections 6 2 and 6 3 When does the CDI scale change and what does it change to The GNC 420 begins a smooth CDI scale transition from the 5 0 nm enroute oceanic mode to the 1 0 nm terminal mode scale 30 nm from the destination airport Figure C 7 The CDI scale f...

Page 250: ...ey twice How do I re select the same approach or activate a new approach after a missed approach After flying all missed approach procedures the pilot may reactivate the same approach for another attempt from the Procedures Page Once given clearance for another attempt activate the approach from the Procedures Page by highlighting ActivateApproach andpressingtheENTKey The GNC 420 provides navigati...

Page 251: ... sequencing C 3 Automatic squelch 1 3 2 1 Automatic zoom 3 10 3 12 Auto Request 11 22 AUX Page Group 9 1 Aviation data 3 12 3 16 B Backlighting 9 28 9 29 13 2 13 3 Bearing 1 11 1 12 3 3 3 7 3 13 3 14 3 21 3 22 5 9 5 13 8 4 8 6 8 9 13 8 13 11 Bottom row keys 1 4 C Cautions v CDI 3 2 CDI Scale 3 2 6 11 6 15 6 19 9 20 9 21 9 23 9 24 C 5 C 6 Ceiling and Visibility Graphics 11 35 Checklists 1 7 9 12 9 ...

Page 252: ... Catalog 1 18 1 19 5 1 5 9 6 4 Flight plan catalog options 1 18 1 19 5 1 5 4 5 8 Flight timers 9 15 9 16 Forecast Abbreviations 11 34 FPL Key 1 4 Frequency fields 2 4 2 5 Frequency selection 2 1 Frequency usage restrictions 3 19 Fuel planning 9 1 9 4 Full screen map 3 13 G GDL 49 11 18 GDL 69 69A 11 18 Generic timer 9 15 9 16 GPS iv GPS receiver status 3 23 3 24 GPS Window 1 9 Graphic track indica...

Page 253: ... 1 12 3 14 13 11 NAV Page Group 1 5 2 4 3 2 NDB 1 11 3 6 3 21 3 26 6 3 7 2 7 4 7 15 7 16 7 17 7 20 8 1 8 3 8 6 13 9 NDB Page 7 15 Nearest airport criteria 9 28 9 30 9 31 Nearest Airport Page 1 16 2 3 8 2 8 4 8 5 9 28 Nearest Airspace Page 1 17 8 10 Nearest ARTCC 2 4 8 8 Nearest ARTCC Page 8 8 Nearest FSS 8 2 8 9 Nearest FSS Page 8 9 Nearest Intersection Page 8 6 Nearest NDB Page 8 6 Nearest User W...

Page 254: ...ort list 5 8 9 15 Specifications v B 1 Squelch 2 1 13 10 Standby frequency 1 9 2 2 8 8 8 10 STARs 1 14 12 2 Stuck microphone 2 5 Sunrise sunset times 9 18 SUSP annunciation 6 8 6 11 6 13 6 17 6 20 6 22 6 26 13 1 C 3 C 4 Symbols 3 3 3 5 3 6 3 17 7 15 T Target pointer 3 7 3 8 3 9 7 18 TCAS 11 1 11 11 Temp Dew Point Ranges 11 36 Terms Nav 13 1 TERRAIN i 1 10 3 15 3 16 3 17 10 1 10 5 10 7 TERRAIN Page...

Page 255: ...R Page 7 15 VSR vertical speed required 3 3 3 27 13 10 W Warranty vi Waypoint alerts C 5 Waypoint entry 7 2 Waypoint holding C 2 C 3 C 4 Waypoint identifiers 7 2 Waypoint list 7 21 7 22 7 23 Waypoint sequencing 6 12 6 24 13 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 Weather Age Graphic 11 34 Weather broadcast 7 15 Weather Data Link 11 1 11 18 Weather Legend Page 11 30 Winds aloft 9 1 9 2 9 3 9 7 Wind Speed Graphics 11 35 WPT ...

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Page 258: ...97 8282 Garmin AT Inc 2345 Turner Road SE Salem OR 97302 U S A p 503 391 3411 f 503 364 2138 Garmin Europe Ltd Liberty House Bulls Copse Road Hounsdown Business Park Southampton SO40 9RB U K p 44 0 870 8501241 f 44 0 870 8501251 Garmin Corporation No 68 Jangshu 2nd Road Shijr Taipei County Taiwan p 886 2 2642 9199 f 886 2 2642 9099 www garmin com ...

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