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Fluke VR101S, User Manual

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Power Quality Issues

Causes and Effects of Poor Power Quality

6

43

 

Although this graph does not apply to all equipment, it
does apply to a vast amount of equipment in the
marketplace.

 

 

 

 

Causes and Effects of Poor Power
Quality

 

Causes of Poor Power Quality

 

Swells

•

 

Shutdown of heavily loaded equipment

•

 

Abrupt power restoration

•

 Utility 

switching

 

Sags

•

 

Abrupt increase in load

•

 Dropouts/Outages

•

 Lightning

•

 

Outdoor contact with transmission lines

•

 Ground 

Faults

•

 

Equipment failures

•

 

Acts of nature

 

Transients

•

 

Switching loads on and off

•

 Utility 

switching

•

 Lightning

•

 

Normal computer operation

•

 

Fault clearing

•

 

Power factor correction capacitors

 

Summary of Contents for VR101S

Page 1: ...VR101S Voltage Event Recorder System Users Manual December 1997 Rev 4 06 02 1997 1999 2002 Fluke Corporation All rights reserved All product names are trademarks of their respective companies...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...international price Fluke reserves the right to invoice Buyer for importation costs of repair replacement parts when product purchased in one country is submitted for repair in another country Fluke...

Page 4: ...tions and exclusions of this warranty may not apply to every buyer If any provision of this Warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction such holding will not affect...

Page 5: ...EventView software 8 Setting the Time and Date 10 Chapter 2 Setting Up the VR101 11 Introduction 11 Connecting the Optical Interface Cable 11 Starting EventView 11 Selecting a COM Port 12 Opening the...

Page 6: ...pter 5 Troubleshooting 35 Optical Interface Cable 35 Printers 37 Voltage Event Recorder 37 Technical Support 38 Chapter 6 Power Quality Issues 39 Power Quality Background 39 Why Is It Such a Concern 3...

Page 7: ...v Chapter 7 VR101 Specifications 51 Equipment Ratings 51 Sag Swell Outage Measurement 54 Transient Measurement 55 Frequency Measurement 55 Time Measurement 56 Approvals 57...

Page 8: ...VR101S Users Manual vi...

Page 9: ...n the power line It is self powered and easy to use parameters can be set by a few easy keystrokes from your PC equipped with EventView Software TM The recorder can retain 4 000 events The existence o...

Page 10: ...ry care 2 Install EventView Software on your PC 3 Plug the VR101 into the closest wall socket 4 Connect your computer to the VR101 with the optical cable 5 Use EventView to adjust the settings on your...

Page 11: ...ation Recycling information Double Insulation Protection Class Warning The recorder is designed and certified to work only on single phase systems Attempting to modify the recorder or operating it imp...

Page 12: ...plugged in improperly improper polarity hot to neutral events captured are shifted 180 degrees and indicated with the opposite polarity Polarity Indication In some countries outlets are not polarized...

Page 13: ...to operate for 7 years Exposing the recorder to extreme temperatures for extended periods of time may reduce battery life by as much as 50 The recorder is designed for INDOOR USE It should not be exp...

Page 14: ...clean to allow for easy visual inspections To clean the recorder unplug it from the outlet and wipe it with a dry clean cloth Product Service The recorder has no user serviceable parts inside The fus...

Page 15: ...inting device recommended 2 MB hard drive space 4 MB RAM 8 MB for Windows 95 98 NT Optional Equipment A printer port with a printer supported by Microsoft Windows What s in the VR101S Package The VR10...

Page 16: ...language If any other language is specified in Windows the EventView setup procedure displays a language selection menu Select the desired language During the following steps change diskette as indic...

Page 17: ...es are replaced 10 Windows 95 98 NT users click Next to begin installation For Windows 3 1 users a dialog box appears to select or to create the Windows Program Group to add the EventView Software to...

Page 18: ...anel in Program Manager Windows 95 98 NT users open the Control Panel from the Taskbar by choosing Start Settings and Control Panel Information about setting the time can be found in the Windows User...

Page 19: ...rface Cable Plug this cable into an available 9 pin COM port in your computer If your computer has only a 25 pin COM port plug a 9 to 25 pin adapter not included with your interface package into your...

Page 20: ...available COM ports on your computer When you have chosen the correct port the optical wand and the red scanning button on the ToolBar will start to flash When the wand is flashing it is ready to com...

Page 21: ...e new value Voltage Transients Transients are fast voltage fluctuations sometimes called spikes They can be positive or negative and can occur on the hot neutral line or on the neutral ground line The...

Page 22: ...ent will be recorded If it drops to below 70Vrms the event will be recorded as an outage Line Frequency Variations Frequency variations are changes in frequency above or below the nominal frequency 60...

Page 23: ...recorder do not suit your application you may choose new settings and designate them as the default settings 1 Make your changes to the settings 2 Click the Save as Default Setup button 3 In the dialo...

Page 24: ...eutral lines Ground voltage readings the voltage between the neutral and ground lines Line frequency readings the frequency between the hot and neutral lines These readings appear under the RealTime h...

Page 25: ...s to confirm that all previous events will be cleared from the recorder The new settings will be saved in the recorder 4 Remove the optical wand from the recorder The recorder will begin monitoring as...

Page 26: ...VR101S Users Manual 18...

Page 27: ...click the red scan button so that it flashes 2 Place the wand into the recorder s optical port The Site Report window will open at the Status tab 3 To download the recorder s stored events to your co...

Page 28: ...ill overwrite the previous file of the same name along with all its data To do this click OK and then click Yes to replace the previous file Save the file with a new name this means that you will type...

Page 29: ...through the list of site files until you find the file you want 3 Double click the selected file or click it and then click OK to open the Site Report window The Site report window will open at the S...

Page 30: ...VR101S Users Manual 22...

Page 31: ...der and with the Events tab still open you can view and analyze the data that the recorder has gathered since it was last cleared The recorder can store up to 4 000 events Events are displayed in the...

Page 32: ...tart Time column The Start Time column displays the time that an event started The resolution of the time stamp in a recorder is eight seconds Therefore if a transient occurred once every second start...

Page 33: ...classified as multiple transients it is impossible to determine the accuracy of the reported information under these conditions Event 18 shows an example of a multiple transient event This event indic...

Page 34: ...the VER will only check for adequate line voltage every eight seconds When the line voltage is restored normal logging operation is resumed This mode switching can present confusing event data especia...

Page 35: ...ndsOutage 8 16 seconds Example 10 Since the VER reports the extreme value of a sag the event is recorded as an outage extreme value of 0V High and Low Frequency Events Frequency events are recorded wh...

Page 36: ...than 24 hours display the end time date and time If an event was still in progress when data was downloaded from the recorder the event will be designated as an open event in this column Open events a...

Page 37: ...ll Data To display a block of events from the Events tab select those events by dragging the pointer through them to highlight them Show Hot to Neutral Events Check this box to display all hot to neut...

Page 38: ...g zero crossings A transient graph is produced using the amplitude direction and position in degrees of the event The graphical representation is not intended to show what the wave form looks like nor...

Page 39: ...ine the importance of the data For example a single random event may not be as significant as a cluster of recurring events This information can be interpreted using the CBEMA Curve found in Chapter 6...

Page 40: ...VR101S Users Manual 32 Click OK to close this dialog box and to display the Event Distribution Graph Since the transients have a duration that is unknown they are represented as having a width of 10 s...

Page 41: ...number of edit features that enable you to change the way a graph appears These features include naming and placing titles using 3D effects and saving a graph in different formats Open the Graph Cont...

Page 42: ...on Graph open choose Print from the File menu or click the print button on the ToolBar 2 Click Setup from the Print dialog box 3 If you want the horizontal axis longer than the vertical axis choose La...

Page 43: ...e if the Optical interface flashes Determine if you have any other Windows programs using the serial port PC faxing programs or other programs that use the COM port can cause conflicts during data tra...

Page 44: ...nnect the Optical Interface Cable to the port Run the communications software and set the local echo to off and hardware flow control to none If you are using HyperTerminal choose a direct connection...

Page 45: ...ged in turned on and has paper Verify that Windows is set up correctly Windows uses its own printer drivers Setup is done through the Windows Control Panel If you need help follow the instructions in...

Page 46: ...VER is plugged into a convenience outlet that has been wired with the hot and neutral lines reversed VER does not record any data The VER does not record events while communicating Make sure that you...

Page 47: ...operation Studies have found that most power line disturbances are caused by the equipment being operated inside a building and that few are utility generated Lightning wildlife and human contact with...

Page 48: ...uipment such as air conditioning units heavy machinery and office equipment are the major culprits Because buildings are wired with numerous circuits traditional methods of pinpointing the source of p...

Page 49: ...tions and Standards Power Line Disturbance Definitions Disturbance Free Voltage Common Power Line Disturbances Many terms are used to describe power line disturbances Below are some graphic examples o...

Page 50: ...o not apply to all manufacturers of sensitive electronic equipment Generally sensitive equipment computers can operate within the following voltage tolerances Swells Up to 10 above nominal continuousl...

Page 51: ...er Quality Causes of Poor Power Quality Swells Shutdown of heavily loaded equipment Abrupt power restoration Utility switching Sags Abrupt increase in load Dropouts Outages Lightning Outdoor contact w...

Page 52: ...quipment Swells Discomfort from flickering lights Computer damage Degradation of power protection equipment Sags Equipment shutdown Power down circuitry in power supply operates incorrectly Computer l...

Page 53: ...quality Before you monitor power quality develop a monitoring plan the plan should define the duration and location of your power quality studies Here are a few basic steps to developing a power qual...

Page 54: ...organization s workload cycle A workload cycle is the duration of production whether it is a product or service A site should be monitored over the entire workload cycle Another consideration is the w...

Page 55: ...toring program will help make the organization more productive and will possibly save money Final Note This is only one strategy that can verify power quality Different situations may call for differe...

Page 56: ...ic equipment The severity of the problem The effectiveness of each possible type of power conditioner the performance price relationship Repetitive Cycling Events These types of events are usually cau...

Page 57: ...y buying a protection device rated to remove transients of up to 1000 volts if you have recorded transients of more than this The difference between power line filters and protectors is that filters c...

Page 58: ...VR101S Users Manual 50...

Page 59: ...ence outlet and when the LED indicates correct polarity Specifications subject to change without notice Equipment Ratings Model number VR101 xx3 Nominal Supply 120V Operating Range 70 to 140V Operatin...

Page 60: ...VR101S Users Manual 52 Plug Configurations Back view of country versions L LINE N NEUTRAL E EARTH...

Page 61: ...ation Red LED lights steadily during 8 to 16 seconds if polarity is OK Red LED quickly blinks during 8 to 16 seconds if improper polarity Size 85mm x 68mm x 35mm 3 35 in x 2 65 in x 1 35 in Weight 120...

Page 62: ...101 xx1 xx4 xx5 and xx7 Range 0 to 270Vrms Accuracy 4Vrms Resolution 2Vrms Neutral to ground Model number VR101 xx3 Range 3 to 150Vrms Accuracy 2Vrms Resolution 1Vrms Model numbers VR101 xx1 xx4 xx5 a...

Page 63: ...o Neutral 100 to 2500Vpeak Neutral to Ground 50 to 2500Vpeak Accuracy 10 of reading 10V Resolution 10V Width Detection 1 s minimum Phase Angle Range 20 to 180 200 to 360 Accuracy 1 Resolution 1 Freque...

Page 64: ...ges are reported with cycle resolution until the VER goes into low power mode A VER will go into the low power mode after approximately one second of an outage condition In low power mode the resoluti...

Page 65: ...and CSA NRTL C for measurements on 300V CAT III Pollution Degree 2 double insulation per UL3111 1 1994 IEC1010 1 1990 CSA C22 2 No 1010 1 1992 EN61010 1 1993 Environmental MIL T 28800E Type III Class...

Page 66: ...ity Directive 89 336 EEC Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC Sample tests Standards used EN 61010 1 1993 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory Use EN 50081 1...

Page 67: ...33 COM port selecting 12 D Date and Time setting 10 Declaration of Conformity 58 Default threshold settings changing 15 viewing 15 Displaying events 23 E Electromagnetic Compatibility 58 Equipment Rat...

Page 68: ...ewing 16 O Opening a saved file 21 Optical Interface Cable connecting 11 Options choosing operating 15 Outages 26 Overwrite Oldest Events When Full 15 P Polarity Indication 4 Power quality 39 common q...

Page 69: ...date 10 starting the program 11 Specifications 51 Stop Recording When Full 15 Swell Sag Outage Measurement 54 Swells 13 25 T Thresholds setting 13 Time and Date setting 10 Time Measurement 56 Transie...

Page 70: ...VR101S Users Manual 62...

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