Datatech Enterprises Apex 386SX/16 User Manual Download

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2 41256

Bank 1 = (44256 X 4 + 41256 X 2)

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Onboard

Summary of Contents for Apex 386SX/16

Page 1: ...PEER 1630 16MHz 386SX SYSTEM U ser s Manual ...

Page 2: ... notice We assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document IBM PC IBM PC XT and IBM PC AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation MS DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation The typeface used in the text of this manual is Helvetica and is used under licence from the Allied ...

Page 3: ...iver Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help Any special accessories needed for compliance must be specified in the instruction manual Warning A shielded type power cord is required in order to meet FCC emission limits and also to prevent interference to nearby radio a...

Page 4: ...OFF before changing any hardware set tings such as DIP switches or jumpers Note When you see an error message on the screen after turning the power on check the following Be sure the jumper and switch settings are correct Make sure your BIOS configuration is correct The non rechargeable battery supplying power to your COMS RAM may be dead If so contact your local service center for assistance III ...

Page 5: ...ation 6 1 6 System Unit 7 1 7 Control Panel 8 Reset Button 8 Turbo Button 8 Indicator Lights 8 Keylock 9 System Power Switch 9 1 8 Rear Panel 1 1 Keyboard Connector 12 Power Cord Connector 13 Display Port 14 Power Voltage Setting 15 1 9 Other Peripherals 16 1 10 Disk Drives 17 Floppy Disks 18 Hard Disks 20 1 11 Keyboard 21 1 12 Maintaining Your Equipment 22 IV ...

Page 6: ...YOUR SYSTEM 1 3 1 An lntroduction to DOS 2 Loading DOS 2 System Messages 2 3 2 DOS Operations 3 Starting MS DOS 3 Formatting Disk 4 Backing up Your Diskettes and Files 5 Deleting Your Diskettes and Files 6 Finding Out What is on Your Disk 7 3 3 Hard Disk Drive Format 8 Step 1 Preformat 8 Step 2 Partition Step 3 Format 8 9 3 4 Helpful Hints 10 3 5 System Setup Program 11 Entering the Setup Program ...

Page 7: ...1 4 1 Keyboard Layout 2 4 2 Getting Acquainted with Your Keyboard 3 Function Keys 3 Numeric Keypad 3 Mode Indicator Lights 5 Special Keys 6 QWERTY keys 7 Cursor Keys 8 Key Combinations 8 4 3 Keyboard Tilt Adjustment 9 VI ...

Page 8: ...rbo Switch 10 Hardware Turbo Switch 10 Alternate Use of Both Switches 6 4 Software 10 11 Shadow RAM Enable 11 EMS Driver Setup 11 6 5 Quick Reference for Jumper Functions 14 6 6 Moving Your Computer and Peripherals 16 Short Move 16 Long Move 16 6 7 Technical Information 17 Microprocessor 17 Protected Virtual Address Mode 17 Real Address Mode 18 System Timers 18 System Interrupts 19 ROM Subsystem 2...

Page 9: ...3 5 Floppy Disk 19 Figure 1 1 5 Copy Protection for 5 25 Floppy Disk 19 Figure 1 16 Keyboard 21 Chapter 2 SETTING UP YOUR SYSTEM Figure 2 1 Motherboard Layout 2 Figure 2 2 The Location of W9 80386SX and 80387SX 5 Figure 2 3 Chip Insertion 6 Figure 2 4 An Example of Three Pin Jumper Setting 7 Figure 2 5 RAM Banks Jumpers for Bank Selection 8 Figure 2 6 512 KB Total Onboard System Memory 10 Figure 2...

Page 10: ... 4 Indicator Lights 5 Figure 4 5 Special Keys 6 Figure 4 6 QWERTY Keys 7 Figure 4 7 Cursor Keys 8 Figure 4 8 Adjustment of Keyboard Angles 9 Chapter 6 APPENDIX Figure 6 1 Installing a 5 25 Disk Drive 2 Figure 6 2 Screwing the 5 25 Disk Drives 3 Figure 6 3 Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive 4 Figure 6 4 Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive to an FDC Card 4 Figure 6 5 Connecting a Hard Disk Drive 5 Figure 6 6...

Page 11: ...rocessor Jumper W9 4 Table 2 2 Settings of Jumper Wl W6 9 Table 2 3 Total Onboard System Memory Size 9 Table 2 4 Jumper Settings for Different Types of BIOS 18 Table 2 5 Power Supply Pinouts 21 Chapter 4 KEYBOARD Table 4 1 Functions of Numeric Keypad Keys 4 Table 4 2 Functions of Special Keys 6 Table 4 3 Functions of Special QWERTY Keys 7 Table 4 4 Special Functions 8 X ...

Page 12: ...hannel 0 Table 6 2 Channel 1 Table 6 3 Channel 2 Table 6 4 Interrupt Level Assignments Table6 5 DMA Channels Table 6 6 I O Hex Address Table 6 7 DMA Channels 3 Through 0 Table 6 8 DMA Channels 7 Through 5 18 18 18 19 21 21 22 22 XI ...

Page 13: ...system Chapter 3 Operating Your System shows you the basics of MS DOS functions and the system setup program Chapter 4 Keyboard explains the keyboard s features layout and basic functions Chapter 5 Troubleshooting covers a simple troubleshooting procedures and provides directions for additional help Chapter 6 Appendix provides some technical specifications for your system Chapter 7 Glossary explai...

Page 14: ...art section at the beginning of chapter one Quick Start will provide you all the information you need to set up the hardware For the beginner Chapter 1 gives you the basic information you need to use this system Chapter 2 provides greater detail on the hardware and on how to upgrade your system The system is quite simple to set up However if you are unsure of yourself find an experienced PC hand t...

Page 15: ......

Page 16: ...wants to get to work as soon as possible the Quick Start section at the beginning of this chapter provides you all the information you need to set up the hardware If you want to upgrade your hardware later read Chapter 2 INSTAL LATION If you want to gain a more thorough understanding of your computer read the entire manual Note You may refer to the Glossary section for definitions of com puter ter...

Page 17: ...ng complete compatibility with software written for IBM PC AT 80286 type computers your computer vastly exceeds them in capability and processing power The 80386SX CPU main tains the highest performance and flexibility for the whole system Also a wide variety of expansion cards are available for your choice of peripherals Quality flexibility and functionality are the key design features of your sy...

Page 18: ... using your computer observe the figure below to set up your personal computer You will still want to use this manual later as a reference book Note Save all packing materials in case you need to ship your computer Figure 1 1 Quick Start Chapter 1 System Overview 3 ...

Page 19: ...S configuration table and real time clock RAM subsystem of 512KB 640KB 1 MB 1 5MB 2MB 3MB 4MB and 5MB Eight expansion slots Six 16 bit slots and two 8 bit slots Sixteen level interrupt Seven channel DMA for disk and special I O 64KB legal DTK BIOS ADL certified developed by Datatech Enterprises Co Ltd Supports other BlOSes such as Phoenix Award and AMI Four layer mainboard LIM 4 0 EMS support Shad...

Page 20: ...2KB 640KB 1MB 2MB 3MB 4MB 5MB optional Cycle Time 1OOns ROM 64KB legal BIOS Expansion slots Six 16 bit two 8 bit Disk Drive s Floppy disk drive 3 5 and 5 25 bay Hard disk drive 3 5 half high and 5 25 bay Power Supply 200W Options Math coprocessor 80387SX Chapter 1 System Overview 5 ...

Page 21: ...m is pictured below You may choose peripherals and upgrades for the system as your needs require Even if your system is different from the one pictured it should operate in the same basic manner Figure 1 2 System Configuration 6 Chapter 1 System Overview ...

Page 22: ...1 6 System Unit The system unit may houses a mainboard disk drives a power supply and other optional expansion cards Figure 1 3 System Unit Case Chapter 1 System Overview 7 ...

Page 23: ...rom the RAM test stage by pressing the reset button Note however that any data which have not been saved to disk will be lost Turbo Button The Turbo button allows you to change the running speed of the microprocessor to accommodate software requirements Some software applications must be run at a slow clock speed Indicator Lights These lights indicate the operation status of your computer The red ...

Page 24: ...disables the keyboard In the unlock mode the keyboard is activated In the lock mode the keyboard is disabled to deny unauthorized users access to the computer Figure 1 5 Keylock and Two Security Lock Keys Chapter 1 System Overview 9 ...

Page 25: ...FF switch is located on the right side of the case toward the rear Figure 1 6 On Off Switch in Off Position You should always be certain that the power is turned off before modifying the hardware configuration in any way 10 Chapter 1 System Overview ...

Page 26: ...e Turn off all power switches before connecting or disconnecting cables wires En sure that cables wires are attached to the external device first and connect to the outlet unit later Turn the system unit power switch off before you plug the power cable into an electrical outlet Figure 1 7 Rear Panel Chapter 7 System Overview 11 ...

Page 27: ... keyboard supplied with your system may be plugged into sock ets in back of the case The figure below shows how to plug the keyboard cable into the socket Figure 1 8 Connecting the Keyboard Cable 12 Chapter 1 System Overview ...

Page 28: ... supplies power to a monitor the other connects to the main power source Yet if your monitor power plug does not fit the system unit s monitor power outlet you should plug it into a wall electrical outlet Figure 1 9 System Power Cord Chapter 1 System Overview 13 ...

Page 29: ...w the cable connector down securely The system gives you a wide range of video options to meet your needs You have a wide choice of the following video standards MGA Monochrome Graphics Adapter also referred to as Hercules CGA Color Graphics Adapter EGA Enhanced Graphics Adapter VGA Video Graphics Adapter Refer to the figures below for mono and color display connectors Figure 1 10 Two Kinds of Dis...

Page 30: ...age selector switch to 115V and if you are in European countries switch to 230V Refer to the following table for the appropriate specification of the power cord used Power Source 115V Cord Specification UL listed SVT SJT type three conductor rated 10A 125V 15ft in length 230V Appropriate approval listed in that specific country three conductor rated 6A 250V 230V U S A only UL listed SVT SJT rated ...

Page 31: ... to be used by referring to your expansion card manuals or peripheral manuals You may consult your dealer for more about the expansion cards available for your system Typical peripherals are shown in Figure 1 11 below Figure 1 1 1 System Unit Connected to Peripherals 16 Chapter I System Overview ...

Page 32: ... disk drives and up to two hard disks in the system unit of either with 5 25 or 3 5 sizes More information about how to install disk drives may be found in Chapter 6 Figure 1 13 Installing Floppy and Hard Disk Drives Chapter 1 System Overview 17 ...

Page 33: ...20KB of data One high density 3 5 floppy disk can store up to 1 44MB of data Quality Capacity Tracks Per Inch 5 25 3 5 Double Density DD DS RH High Density DH 48 TPI 360 KB 720 KB 96 TPI 1 2 MB 1 44 MB Table 1 2 Floppy Disk Specifications Note Only high density floppy disks can be formatted to high capacities of either 1 2M for 5 25 or 1 44M for 3 5 floppy disks You may lose data if you use a low ...

Page 34: ...on slide the tab toward the outermost position so that you can see through the write protect hole To disable write protection slide the tab in the opposite direction so that the hole is covered Note that write protection does not prevent loss of data from accidents such as coffee spills fires and nuclear holocausts Copy Protected Unprotected Figure 1 14 Copy Protection for 3 5 Floppy Disk Figure 1...

Page 35: ...abilities it is best to use a hard disk A hard disk can raise your efficiency because the hard disk keeps programs and data available at your fingertips Moreover your system gives you a wide range of half high or high hard disk s of 3 5 or 5 25 to meet your needs full 20 Chapter 1 System Overview ...

Page 36: ...oard has a set of function keys cursor keys and a numeric keypad The figure below shows a typical keyboard Refer to Chap ter 4 for a more detailed description of the keyboard Figure 1 16 Keyboard Chapter 1 System Overview 21 ...

Page 37: ... mechanical power failure or damage do not attempt to repair the system unit monitor s cables wires Refer all such problems to experienced service personnel Ensure that the back of the system unit is at least 3 away from anything that might obstruct the ventilation outlets and cause overheating Ensure that the power source is grounded correctly This product is equipped with a 3 wire grounding type...

Page 38: ...Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Page 39: ...h the system set up you are now ready to load your application software and begin work This chapter covers topics you are less likely to need to know right away You may also skip this chapter unless you want to add to or alter your system unit hardware yourself It is recommended to have your dealer or technician upgrade your system if you are a novice Ensure that the power is off before modifying ...

Page 40: ...6 processor a 80387SX math coprocessor socket BIOS chips and expansion slots These parts of your system that you can see and touch are called hardware Below is an illustration of the board layout Figure 2 1 Motherboard Layout 2 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Page 41: ... can handle Concurrent processing Hardware based multitasking Superior extended memory support and Virtual machines Virtual machines can create discrete non interfering operating en vironments for application programs giving each application its own working environment Virtual machines can be created within the extended memory by using appropriate control software Your system is switchable between...

Page 42: ...o enable or disable the 80387SX math coprocessor Remember that you must make sure the dotted end of the chip is lined up with the notched end of the socket Refer to the illustrations below and on the next page to install the Intel 80387SX 16 Refer to table 2 1 below for jumper W9 and figure 2 2 on the next page for the 80386SX and the 80387SX Jumper W9 80387SX Enable Disable Table 2 1 Math Coproce...

Page 43: ...Figure 2 2 The Location of W9 80386SX and 80387SX Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 5 ...

Page 44: ... you must make sure that the notched or the dotted end of the chip is lined up with the notched end the socket Gently push the chip into the socket and be careful not to bend the pins Notch Figure 2 3 Chip Insertion 6 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Page 45: ...r future use by covering only one pin of a jumper This has no effect on the function of the board while it keeps the cap handy The illustration below shows the side and top views of a three pin jumper in which pins two and three are shorted Side View Top View Jumper Cap Jumper I Pin 1 Figure 2 4 An Example of Three Pin Jumper Setting Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 7 ...

Page 46: ...ainboard The DIP and SIMM DRAM banks can contain from 512KB 640KB 1MB 1 5MB 2MB 3MB 4MB to 5MB by means of setting jumpers W1 W6 Refer to Figure 2 5 below for the location of jumpers W1 W6 and the RAM banks Figure 2 5 RAM Banks Jumpers for Bank Selection 8 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Page 47: ...6 Before setting up RAM configuration in BIOS you must refer to the following table to set the wait state and the page interleave mode Particularly you cannot set both 0 wait state and disabled page interleave mode in Turbo mode otherwise your system cannot operate normally even cannot display the screen In order to set both modes normally you should switch the button from Turbo mode to Normal mod...

Page 48: ...Bank 0 41256 RAM Module x 2 pieces or Bank 0 44256 X 4 41256 X 2 Jumpers W1 W6 You may use either bank as bank 0 Figure 2 6 512KB Total Onboard System Memory 10 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Page 49: ... 41256 RAM Module x 2 pieces Bank 1 4164 RAM Module x 2 pieces or Bank 0 44256 X 4 41256 X 2 You may use either bank as bank 0 Figure 2 7 640 KB Total Onboard System Memory Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 11 ...

Page 50: ...eces Bank 1 41256 RAM Module x 2 pieces or Bank 0 44256 X 4 41256 X 2 Jumpers W1 W6 or Bank 1 44256 X 4 41256 X 2 Any bank 0 may be used with any bank 1 Figure 2 8 1MB Total Onboard System Memory 12 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Page 51: ...Bank 2 41256 RAM Module x 2 pieces Bank 1 44256 X 4 41256 X 2 Bank 0 44256 X 4 41256 X 2 Figure 2 9 1 5 MB Total Onboard System Memory Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 13 ...

Page 52: ...3 41256 RAM Module x 2 pieces Bank0 Bank1 44256 X 4 41256 X 2 44256 X 4 41256 X 2 Figure 2 10 2MB Total Onboard System Memory Bank O 411000 RAM Module x 2 pieces Figure 2 11 2MB Total Onboard System Memory 14 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Page 53: ...Bank 2 411000 RAM Module x 2 pieces Bank 1 44256 X 4 41256 X 2 Bank 0 44256 X 4 41256 X 2 Figure 2 12 3MB Total Onboard System Memory Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 15 ...

Page 54: ...Bank 0 411000 RAM Module x 2 pieces Bank 1 411000 RAM Module x 2 pieces Figure 2 13 4MB Total Onboard System Memory 16 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Page 55: ...nk 2 411000 RAM Module x 2 Pieces Bank 3 411000 RAM Module x 2 pieces Bank 0 Bank 1 44256 X 4 41256 X 2 44256 X 4 41256 X 2 Figure 2 14 5MB Total Onboard System Memory Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 17 ...

Page 56: ...he location of jumper W7 and BIOS chips For selection and installation of the ROM BIOS chips refer to the Table below and Figure on the next page Type of ROM BIOS Type of ROM chip Configuration Jumper W7 DTK BIOS or any other 27256 x 2 U39 High byte of 64KB size U40 Low byte Other BIOS of 32KB size 27128 x 2 U39 High byte U40 Low byte Table 2 4 Jumper Settings for Different Types of BIOS 18 Chapte...

Page 57: ...Figure2 15 Installing ROM If you are not sure what BIOS chips you have you may need to consult yourdealer for the right chips Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 19 ...

Page 58: ...f the unit This is easily ac complished with the following tools a small flat blade screwdriver and a small Phillips screwdriver Be sure that the power to the system is switched OFF before you open the case Your computer interior is as below Figure 2 16 Unpacking Your Main System 20 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Page 59: ...nnectors to the power supply connector J9 you may also need to attach the four pin connectors to hard disks Be sure the four black wires of the power supply cables are located at the middle of the power connectors Refer to the figure below Pin 1 is numbered in the picture for your convenience To Power Supply Four Black Wires are in the Middle Mainboard Power Supply Connector Figure 2 17 Connecting...

Page 60: ...The pinouts for the connectors at J9 are es follows Table 2 5 Power Supply Pinouts 22 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Page 61: ...Chapter 3 Operating Your System ...

Page 62: ...this computer uses is Microsoft Corporation s MS DOS the world s most widely used operating sys tem for PC XT ATs Next there is the application software what you use for work and play Finding application software is a simple matter of going to your nearest PC store Note This is not an MS DOS manual It mentions only a few of the DOS functions available To learn more about DOS refer to your MS DOS U...

Page 63: ...rompts displayed on the monitor Starting DOS when the computer is on If you don t have a DOS disk in your disk drive when you start your computer you will see the following message on the screen following the RAM test Non system disk or disk error Replace and strike any key when ready Then you should Insert DOS disk 1 into disk drive A and close the drive lever Press the reset button on your front...

Page 64: ...f you are using a floppy disk drive insert the DOS system disk in drive A and switch on your computer You will see a message similar to the following Current date is F r i 01 01 1990 Enter new date MM DD YY For the new date key in the month day and year separated by hyphens Press Enter Time is displayed and corrected as follows Current time is 0 02 15 00 Enter new time 2 2 0 Your computer is now b...

Page 65: ...tted you will see the following prompt Format another diskette Y N Press N if you do have nothing else to be formatted Formatting a low density disk To format a low density disk type the following at the drive prompt C Format A 4 Enter After your disk has been formatted you will see the following prompt Format another diskette Y N Press N if you have nothing else to be formatted 4 Chapter 3 Operat...

Page 66: ... respond to the prompts on your screen Backing up a diskette on a single floppy disk drive system At the A prompt type the following A diskcopy Press Enter and respond to the prompts on your screen After your target disk has been copied you will see the following prompt Copy another diskette Y N Press N if you have nothing else to be copied Backing up a file To back up a single file key in the bac...

Page 67: ... otherdata Erasing a diskette To erase a whole directory of files type the following at the drive prompt A del Enter All the files in the open directory are now erased Deleting a file To delete a single file type the following at the drive prompt A del filename ext Enter 6 Chapter 3 Operating Your System ...

Page 68: ...ollowing command DIR A After you hit the enter key all the file information will display on the screen If you use the DIR command without a drive letter MS DOS lists the directory of the disk which was most recently accessed There are three ways to stop the screen from scrolling pressing the Ctrl and the S keys simultaneous pressing Pause typing DIR P to see one screen each time Chapter 3 Operatin...

Page 69: ...s partitioning process Insert your DOS diskette in drive A and type a to get A prompt Then type A FDISK 8 The FDISK command displays a serial of menus to help you partition your hard disk for MS DOS With the FDISK command you can create a primary partition create an extended partition change the active partition delete an partition display partition data and select the next fixed disk drive for pa...

Page 70: ...e command should be keyed in as A FORMAT D If you want to use the partition 1 drive C to start DOS you have to specify the S option when formatting the disk You can use this system disk to boot your system later Note that you don t need to perform this procedure if you want to use new partitions for other operating systems like Xenix Novell or Unix Refer to their manuals for details Chapter 3 Oper...

Page 71: ...pecifying the name of a drive Spell the filename correctly Use the appropriate extension such as DOC or EXE Refer to the DOS Reference for additional information if a command still doesn t work Print contents of a disk if you have a printer and keep the list with the diskette All commands except DISKCOPY and DISKCOMP are files that will work on both diskettes and hard disk drives The date and time...

Page 72: ...our system BIOS is fully compatible with IBM BIOS In addition many special functions are supported like a low level fixed disk format utility three system utilities a calculator a hard disk park and a timer system password user defined hard disk types Neat chip set The setup program is simple to be used It is extremely important that you respond correctly to the prompts about your computer The fol...

Page 73: ...anged If the battery for CMOS chip is dead or the system configuration does not match your actual hardware configuration you will have to recon figure your system The computer will give you this screen message Press the F 1 key to enter the setup program or press any other key to continue Under the above three conditions pressing F7 will automatically start the setup program Under any conditions w...

Page 74: ...ears the following message will appear on the screen SETUP utility will be starting When the system self test is completed the setup program will take over Once you have entered the setup program you will see the following initial screen ROM SETUP PROGRAM VERSION 2 0 C COPYRIGHT DATATECH ENTERPRISES CO LTD 1990 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1 SETUP SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 2 PREFORMAT HARD DISK 3 SET UP BUILT I...

Page 75: ...screen does not match your configuration you have two ways to make modifications You may either highlight selectionsandpress 8 to enter the command or use the left and right arrows to show different options and select from them If you want to exit a current screen you may press Esc or select the exit item of the screen The following are some examples of setup program screens you will see in using ...

Page 76: ...ORY 1 2 8 0 K B 6 DISKETTE D R I V E A 1 2 M DISKETTE DRIVE B NO 7 F I X E D D I S K T Y P E C 4 0 M F M FIXED DISK TYPE D NO NONE 8 PRIMARY DISPLAY CARD MGA 9 EXIT CHOOSE ITEM NUMBER l CHANGE ITEM MODIFY 8 ACCEPT Figure 3 2 Set Up System Configuration Screen Once you have entered all appropriate information and exited by choosing item 9 you will be asked to confirm that the configuration data are...

Page 77: ...you want to preformat your hard disks reenter the setup program by pressing Esc and select item 2 on the initial screen The program will then proceed as below Figure 3 3 Preformat Hard Disk Screen 16 Chapter 3 Operating Your System ...

Page 78: ...enabled by the setup pro gram Note that these utilities can be used in the 80 column text display mode only The calculator and the hard disk park can be used if you press Ctrl Alt and 5 on the key pad Pressing Esc will exit these utilities The following is the figure for the calculator Figure 3 4 Calculator Chapter 3 Operating Your System 17 ...

Page 79: ...an deny unauthorized users access to the computer You can key in a password with a maximum of seven alphanumeric units You may press F1 to see the present password status 5 Setting Up User Defined Hard Disk Type If none of the drive types 1 47 match the fixed disk drive specifica tions you have select item 5 in the setup menu to set a user defined hard disk type Figure 3 5 NEAT Chip Setup Configur...

Page 80: ...Chapter 4 Keyboard ...

Page 81: ... your keyboard and its functions how to adjust your keyboard angle A computer keyboard sends messages from you to the computer It has QWERTY keys Function keys Cursor control keys numeric keypad Special keys Keyboard indicator lights Chapter 4 Keyboard 1 ...

Page 82: ...s are available for PC AT XT com patible computers The most popular are the PC keyboard the PC AT keyboard and the enhanced keyboard Figure 4 1 below illustrates the basic layout of a typical enhanced keyboard Figure 4 1 Keyboard Layout 2 Chapter 4 Keyboard ...

Page 83: ...e left or at the top of the keyboard Function keys have specially defined uses preassigned by the software you use They are used independently or in combination with other keys Figure 4 2 Function Keys Numeric Keypad This is located on the right of the keyboard At the center of the keypad are nine numeric keys These keys are used to move the cursor as well as to enter numbers when either the Caps ...

Page 84: ...s activated Activating Num Lock makes 5 operative Activating Num Lock makes 6 operative Otherwise the cursor key is activated Activating Num Lock makes 1 operative Otherwise end moves the cursor to the end of the line it is on Activating Num Lock makes 2 operative Otherwise the cursor key is activated Activating Num Lock makes 3 operative Otherwise page down is activated Activating Num Lock makes ...

Page 85: ...r functions are explained as follows Figure 4 4 Indicator Lights Caps Lock When this light is on characters are in uppercase mode Num Lock When this light is off the cursor control function of the numeric keypad is disabled and the numeric mode is activated Scroll Lock When this light is on text can be scrolled without moving the cursor Chapter 4 Keyboard 5 ...

Page 86: ... on the screen With Scroll Lock activated you can move text vertically in line units Pressing this key halts the current operation pressing it again allows the operation to continue Moves the cursor for corrections but the line is not deleted from memory Skips to new line Used with alphanumeric keys to enter BASIC key words Used with another key to execute a command __ Table 4 2 Functions of Speci...

Page 87: ... Performs a tab function similar to that of a typewriter Changes lowercase letters to capitals Moves cursor back one space and erases characters Pressing this key activates uppercase letters pressing it again activates lowercase letters Table 4 3 Functions of Special QWERTY Keys Chapter 4 Keyboard 7 ...

Page 88: ...hese keys move the cursor in the indicated direction Figure 4 7 Cursor Keys Key Combinations The keys shown below have special functions when pressed simul taneously Table 4 4 Special Functions 8 Chapter 4 Keyboard ...

Page 89: ...oard Tilt Adjustment Under the rear of the keyboard are two small legs that can be pulled out or pushed in to change the keyboard angle to suit you Figure 4 8 Adjustment of Keyboard Angles Chapter 4 Keyboard 9 ...

Page 90: ...Chapter 5 Troubleshooting ...

Page 91: ...But if some problems do occur more likely than not you will be able to solve them by referring to this chapter No matter whether you are a new or experienced user you should become familiar with the material in this chapter For detailed explana tions of computer problems and how to solve them you are urged to buy personal computer troubleshooting books from your nearest hardware or software dealer...

Page 92: ...blem is with software you should probably talk to your software dealer If the problem is with the hardware try to narrow down the source of the problem Is it your disks or disk drives Keyboard Printer Screen If some messages appear on the screen refer to your MS DOS manual for an explanation of the message You may want to write down the message or print it out with the Shift PrtSc key combination ...

Page 93: ... because some software programs can only run on the MGA display mode Is the power fuse burned out If you have gone through the above checklist and your system still does not function properly check the following pages The following instruc tions will help you solve some common problems However you should be aware that other problems might stem from system software applications or other peripherals...

Page 94: ...t the computer If the problem persists you will need to contact the software dealer from whom you purchased the package He she should replace the package depending on the ser vice contract or have it repaired Hardware error messages These messages are related to the computer s internal components your monitor mouse or printer Hardware problems are usually ones that the user cannot solve alone Prof...

Page 95: ... the same procedure If the problem persists contact your software dealer System does not boot This can be caused by defective hardware or a faulty system disk Turn off your computer and try again If unsuccessful try using your backup system disk because your working disk may be damaged If the problem persists you might have a hardware problem You should contact the dealer from whom you purchased y...

Page 96: ...742 controller failure Check Battery Indicates a system backup battery disconnection or power loss RTC Checksum Error Indicates that the system memory refresh function does not work Refresh lndicator Error Indicates that the system memory refresh does not work Base 64K Memory Error Indicates that the system s first 64K memory does not work FDC Error User Check Indicates that the floppy diskette co...

Page 97: ...inue Indicates that the NMI circuit has detected a RAM parity error System Memory Mismatch Run SETUP Indicates a mismatch of memory size in the CMOS RAM as well as onboard You need to run the setup program Display Card Mismatch Run SETUP Indicates a mismatch of a record typed in the CMOS RAM as well as onboard You need to run the setup program Chapter 5 Troubleshooting 7 ...

Page 98: ...Chapter 6 Appendix ...

Page 99: ...rmation on moving your computer This manual is not a technical reference manual This chapter provides some technical information about your system but if you need more check out a technical library or bookstore You will find technical reference books in most bookstores Chapter 6 Appendix 1 ...

Page 100: ...s below to do so Be certain to refer to the manuals for both the disk drive and the controller card for any additional specific information regarding them that may be of importance 5 25 Disk Drives To install or remove 5 25 disk drives follow the step below Open the system unit case as described on Figure 2 16 Screw the metal guides to the disk drive as shown below Figure 6 1 Installing a 5 25 Dis...

Page 101: ...s Next connect the floppy hard disk controller cable and one of the four cables from the power supply The power cable is simple to connect simply plug it in to the correct adapter The shape of the plug ensures that no mistakes will be made See the figures on the following pages Chapter 6 Appendix 3 ...

Page 102: ...Figure 6 3 Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive Figure 6 4 Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive to an FDC Card 4 Chapter 6 Appendix ...

Page 103: ...Figure 6 5 Connecting a Hard Disk Drive Figure 6 6 Connecting a Hard Disk to a HDC Card Chapter 6 Appendix 5 ...

Page 104: ...ed to the card Pin 1 is clearly marked on the card See the figure below Figure 6 7 Cables for Disk Drives Follow the same procedure for any additional drives you want to install Removal To remove a drive just reverse the procedure described above Dis connect the cables undo the screws and slide the drive out 6 Chapter 6 Appendix ...

Page 105: ... is similar to that for a 5 25 disk ddrive First fasten the bracket on the drive Next place the disk drive inside the bay and fasten the brackets to the chassis Refer to the figure below Figure 6 8 Installing a 3 5 Disk Drive Chapter 6 Appendix 7 drive ...

Page 106: ... the connectors so it is impossible to make a mistake The two hard disk controller cables are of different sizes the red wires on the cables should be connected so that they are toward the central portion of the case Removal To remove a 3 5 disk drive reverse the procedure described above Disconnect the cables undo the mounting screws slide the drive out and remove the mounting guides 8 Chapter 6 ...

Page 107: ... this utility within their DOS diskette Some BlOSes support this function Partition This process creates DOS partitioning on a preformatted hard disk drive The DOS command FDISK handles this partitioning process Format The DOS command FORMAT verifies the media and moves the system file onto the hard disk drive The command should be keyed in as A FORMAT C S Note that you don t need to perform this ...

Page 108: ...e keyboard The clock speed when you turn the system on will be 8MHz or 16MHz To switch the speed to 16MHz or 8MHz do the following press and hold down the control Ctrl and alternate Alt keys on the keyboard while you press the minus key The Turbo LED on your panel if you have one will light For more information on the Turbo LED refer to the Connectors section Hardware Turbo Switch If your hardware...

Page 109: ...r efficient execution of BIOS it is preferable to run BIOS code through RAM rather than through the slower EPROMs The PPM 163OC can support shadow RAM for BIOS and video To enable shadow RAM follow the steps below l Hold down the Esc key to enter the DTK BIOS setup menu as you turn the power on l Select item 6 to enter NEAT Chip Setup Configuration l Select item 1 to enable BIOS or video shadow HA...

Page 110: ...der to use 384K extended memory as expanded memory insert the EMS driver diskette into drive A and enter a Enter this command INSTALL You will see the following screen The next screen will be as below if you continue setup Indicate the path name where NEMM SYS is to be located If you want the program to create a directory with the default name NEMS on your hard drive press the Enter key Otherwise ...

Page 111: ...a warning if you give an incorrect response For example you give D000H as your frame start segment and shadow RAM in the same area the following message will appear if the installation is complete the following will appear Reboot your system The screen will look like this Chapter 6 Appendix 13 ...

Page 112: ... 1 2 shorted 27256 chip selected 2 3 shorted 27128 chip selected W8 Pipeline 1 2 shorted Pipeline disable 2 3 shorted Pipeline enable W9 80387SX 1 2 shorted Coprocessor enable 2 3 shorted Coprecessor disable W11 Power Good Selection 1 2 shorted Onboard 2 3 shorted External W12 Display Mode 1 2 shorted Mono 2 3 shorted Color 14 Chapter 6 Appendix ...

Page 113: ...ted External 2 3 shorted Onboard J1 CPU Frequency Indicator J2 Keylock Power LED J3 Turbo Switch J4 Speaker J5 Turbo LED J6 Hardware Reset J7 External Battery Connector J8 Keyboard Connector J9 Power Connector Chapter 6 Appendix 15 ...

Page 114: ... onto flop py disks Enter the DOS system program and invoke the PARK com mand This command will lock up your hard disk to protect it from damage while the computer is being moved Turn off all power switches Insert the cardboard diskette s supplied with the system unit into the disk drive s and close the disk drive levers Detach all cables and cords Next coil and tie them to protect the connectors ...

Page 115: ...tire opera tion system to execute The virtual 8086 tasks can be isolated and protected from one another and the host 386SX microprocessor operation system by use of paging Protected mode will use one of two different address spaces depending on whether or not paging is enabled Every selector has a logical base address of up to 32 bits in length This 32 bit logical base address is added to the effe...

Page 116: ...ts and adds the result to the effective address to form the linear address This linear address is limited to 1 megabyte in addition real mode has no paging capability System Timers The system has three programmable timer counters controlled by the Intel 8254 2 chip These are channels 0 through 2 defined as fol lows Table 6 1 Channel 0 Table 6 2 Channel 1 Note Channel 1 is programmed to generate a ...

Page 117: ...eated as counters the fourth is a control register for mode programming System Interrupt Sixteen levels of system interrupts are provided by the 80386SX NMI and two 8259A interrupt controller chips The following shows the interrupt level assignments decreasing priority Table 6 4 Interrupt Level Assignment Chapter 6 Appendix 19 ...

Page 118: ...m RAM Subsystem The RAM subsystem starts at address hex 000000 of the 16M ad dress space It consists of either 640KB or 1 MB in the form of 256K or 64K by 1 bit RAM modules Memory refresh forces one memory cycle every 15 microseconds through channel 1 of the timer counter The following functions are performed by the RAM initialization pro gram Write operation to any memory location Initialization ...

Page 119: ...ystem memory are supported by these channels Each of these channels will transfer in 64KB blocks throughout the 16 megabyte system address space Channels 4 through 7 are contained in DMA controller 2 To cascade channels 0 through 3 to the microprocessor use channel 4 Transfers of 16 bit data between 16 bit adapters and 16 bit system memory are supported by channels 5 6 and 7 DMA channels 5 through...

Page 120: ...Table 6 7 DMA Channel 3 Through 0 Note To generate the addressing signal byte high enable BHE invert address line AO Table 6 8 DMA Channels 7 Through 5 Note The BHE and A0 addressing signals are forced to a logical 0 DMA channel addresses do not increase or decrease through page boundaries 64KB for channels 0 through 3 and 128KB for channels 5 through 7 ...

Page 121: ... bit memory addresses 16MB I O watt state generation I O address space hex 100 to hex 3FF Open bus structure allowing multiple micro processors to share the system s resources including memory DMA channels The pinouts of the expansion bus I O channels are shown as below and on the next page B A Figure6 10 62 Pin Expansion Bus l O Channels Chapter 6 Appendix 23 ...

Page 122: ...O ports The busy signal sent by the processor forces the microprocessor to wait until the coproces sor is finished executing The following describes the math coprocessor controls 0F0 The latched math coprocessor busy signal can be cleared with an 8 bit out command to port F0 The coprocessorwill latch busy if it asserts its error signal Data output should be zero 0F1 The math coprocessor will reset...

Page 123: ...Chapter 7 Glossary ...

Page 124: ...there will be an address conflict ASCIl This is an acronym for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange The ASCII code includes both control and graphic characters and is used for exchang ing information between data processing systems data communication systems and related equipment asynchronous communication A type of information vehicle whereby data can be trans mitted at any time...

Page 125: ...omputer If the I O channel is 32 bit this means the data travels at least twice as fast as data on a 16 bit data bus A group of data units forming a single unit of data There are eight bits in a single byte clock processing speed This measurement usually given in MHz megahertz tells how fast the microprocessor in your computer hand les data The higher the number the faster your com puter CPU Centr...

Page 126: ...file and the dates they were created and up dated It is always good to organize all the related files in the same directory diskette This refers to removable data storage disks sometimes also called floppies or floppy disks Diskettes generally come in two sizes 5 25 and 3 5 disk drive A device that stores and retrieves data display The information graphics visible on the monitor screen DOS Disk Op...

Page 127: ...ts a filename and an extension In DOS filenames are from one to eight characters long An extension starts with a period has three characters and follows immediately after the filename fixed or hard disk This is a non removable disk used for storage of large volumes of data format The arrangement of data on a magnetic disk Format also means to prepare a disk hardware All physical components of a co...

Page 128: ...iven to a memory loca tion microprocessor This is an integrated circuit that receives coded instruc tions for execution It is also referred to as a CPU modem A modem lets your computer communicate with other computers over telephone lines motherboard It is the main printed circuit board in the system case It is also known as a mainboard or systemboard MS DOS The Microsoft Disk Operating System Thi...

Page 129: ... drive letter peripheral Output devices which are driven by the computer port A communication channel between a computer and its peripheral components printed circuit board An electronic circuit board sandwiched between fiberglass plates program A series of instructions that command the computer to prompt RAM perform certain tasks A screen message or position of the cursor at the begin ning of a l...

Page 130: ...eful read ing of this section will help you to ensure the long life and troublefree operation of your computer software Computer programs such as a word processor operating system or programming languages synchronous transmission Syncopated transmission of signals between devices Turbo High speed virtual disk Also referred to as a RAM disk this is a portion of memory used to simulate a hard disk w...

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