VIII. ABOUT RESULTS
Phase Angle (50kHz)
REACTANCE(Xc)
IMPEDANCE(Z)
PHASE ANGLE
FREQUENCY
INCREASE
Φ
RESISTANCE(R)
Phase Angle (50kHz)
BIA measures impedance (Z), which is comprised of reactance (Xc) (correlating with cell integri-
ty), and resistance (R) (correlating with the distribution of water within and outside the cell mem-
brane). The angle of the hypotenuse in the triangle drawn using (Z), (Xc), and (R) is the Phase
Angle, which is correlated with factors such as age, gender, malnutrition, inflammation, and BMI.
A higher phase angle can be the result of stronger cell membranes, and as such healthier and
well-nourished cells. A lower phase angle can be caused by weaker cell membranes. Accordingly,
phase angle can be used as a potential health indicator.
Generally speaking, subjects with stronger (and thus healthier) cell membrane have higher
reactance and lower resistance, leading to a higher phase angle. However, because phase angle
is also affected by factors such as age, height, ethnicity, gender, disease, measuring posture, and
measurement device
15
, it is recommended for usage in tracking change of an individual subject,
rather than a one-time measurement.
Basal Metabolic Rate
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the minimum required energy to sustain the body's vital functions
while at rest. These functions include breathing, blood circulation, regulation of body
temperature, cell growth, brain function, and nerve function. BMR tends to decrease with age or
reduction in weight, and is positively correlated with increase in muscle. Disease, food intake,
changes in temperature, and other factors can all influence a person's energy expenditure and
thus BMR
14.
Total Energy Expenditure
Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) is calculated using BMR as a baseline, further taking into
account energy used for daily activity, including digestion and physical movement. Subject's
actual TEE will vary based on type of activity. The TEE calculated by the MA601 is for a "typical"
day without strenuous exercise.
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14. Lazzer, S. , Bedogni, G. , Lafortuna, C. L., Marazzi, N. , Busti, C. , Galli, R. , Col, A. , Agosti, F. and Sartorio, A.
(2010), Relationship Between Basal Metabolic Rate, Gender, Age, and Body Composition in 8,780 White Obese
Subjects. Obesity, 18: 71-78
15. Stobaus N, Pirlich M, Valentini L, Schulzke J D. Determinants of bioelectrical phase angle in disease. British Journal
of Nutrition. Vol.107, Issue 8, p.1217-1220.
Fitness Parameters
Basal Metabolic Rate
1167 kcal
Total Energy Expenditure
1658 kcal/d
Phase Angle (50KHz)
5.6 °
Fat-free Mass Index
14.4 kg/m²
Skeletal Muscle Index
7.7 kg/m²
