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CURRENT SWITCHING AMPLIFIER 

22 

 

CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES   

 

Current Switching Amplifier 

 

 

 

18/12/2017 

8.3.3.Rheostatic braking 

The amplifier includes energy recovery capability which is useful to recover the energy stored in electrical 

element such as inductance of magnetic actuators and the mechanical energy.  

Most of the time the rheostatic braking system is not necessary because linear actuators have a limited stored 

energy. However, if the energy to recover is high and no braking system is present, damage on the amplifier 

may happen. 

The next equations are a rough estimation of the energy recovered by the amplifier (frictions are neglected). 

They consider kinetic and magnetic energy: 

𝐸

𝑘

= ∆𝑥 𝐹 = 𝑊

 

𝐸

𝑙

=

1
2

𝐿 𝐼

2

 

Where Δx is half of the full course, F is the maximum force. If this energy is less than 3.5J, there no need for 

a rheostat.  

Example: 

For a MICA200, Δx = 2mm and F = 200N. 

𝐸

𝑘

= 2𝑚𝑚  × 200𝑁 = 0.4𝐽

 

𝐸

𝑙

=

1
2

× 6𝑚𝐻 × 20𝐴

2

= 1.2𝐽

 

Thus, there no need for a rheostat with a MICA200. 

When the computed energy is higher than 3.5J, the power of the rheostat needed is: 

𝑃 = (𝐸

𝑘

+ 𝐸

𝑙

− 3.5𝐽)𝑓

 

The resistance value will be: 

𝑅 =

𝑉

𝑏𝑢𝑠

2

𝑃

 

Vbus = 96V for the internal supply or 200V if an external supply is chosen. 

The resistance can’t be lower than 10Ω. 

It is up to the user to add margin on the ratings of the rheostat. 

Summary of Contents for CSA96

Page 1: ...w cedrat technologies com 59 Chemin du vieux chêne Inovallée actuator cedrat tec com F 38246 MEYLAN Cedex Phone 33 0 4 56 58 04 00 FRANCE Fax 33 0 4 56 58 04 01 CSA96 CURRENT SWITCHING AMPLIFIER Version 1 0 8 Date 18 12 2017 ...

Page 2: ...on he she has the following qualifications is trained and authorized to energize de energize clean and ground equipment in accordance with established practices is trained in the proper care and use of protective equipment in accordance with established safety practices is trained in the soldering process and wiring of connectors is familiar with the EMC and safety requirements To comply with the ...

Page 3: ...MENT PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 9 6 DISCLAIMER 10 7 INTERFACES 11 7 1 FRONT SIDE 11 7 2 CONTROL PORT 11 7 3 COMMUNICATION PORT 13 7 3 1 Command list 13 7 4 OPTOCOUPLERS 14 7 5 TOP SIDE POWER SUPPLY TERMINAL 15 7 6 BOTTOM SIDE ACTUATOR TERMINALS 17 7 7 WIRING 18 7 7 1 CSA96 Internal Supply version 18 7 7 2 CSA96 External Supply version 19 7 7 3 EMC considerations 19 8 THEORY OF OPERATION 20 8 1 PRINCIPLE 2...

Page 4: ...22 8 3 4 Buffer capacitor extension 23 8 3 5 Minimum output inductance value 24 8 3 6 Protections 24 9 MAIN VOLTAGE CONNEXIONS 24 9 1 CIRCUIT BREAKER 24 10 OPERATING INSTRUCTION FOR THE AMPLIFIER 25 10 1 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 25 TROUBLESHOOTING 26 WARRANTY CONDITIONS AND EXCEPTIONS 27 INSPECTION UPON RECEIPT 28 AFTER SALES SERVICE 29 APPENDIX 1 TROUBLESHOOTING FORM 30 ...

Page 5: ...r the height is 71mm The bottom plate is also a thermal interface used to dissipate the heat of the converter The packaging also features side openings for air circulation in order to enhance the heat dissipation 2 MAIN FEATURES The CSA96 is available in two versions the first one features a powerful internal AC DC converter which allows to connect directly the amplifier on mains The second permit...

Page 6: ...tching Amplifier 18 12 2017 Fully isolated from ground 4 2kV between primary and secondary Active Power Factor Correction meets EN 61000 3 2 High apparent and active power output Compact size 3 INTENDED USE The CSA96 is intended to be used in electrical cabinets ...

Page 7: ...ailure to follow these instructions will result in death or serious injury In order to achieve a safe operation of the CSA96 driver some safety information must be given This information is intended to protect the user and the product and allows safe operating of the product The product includes two earth connections one is intended to connect the driver to the earth and the other is to connect th...

Page 8: ...r terminals with voltage present Avoid all contact with the product when powered on If the user need to operate on the product follow the following guideline Turn off the product and disconnect the power source Wait 1 min to allow the DC bus to discharge Measure the voltage on the DC bus with a properly rated voltmeter to verify that the voltage is below 42Vdc Danger This device produces hazardous...

Page 9: ...retailer upon purchase of an equivalent new product Disposing of this product correctly will help save valuable resources and prevent any potential negative effects on human health and the environment which could otherwise arise from inappropriate waste handling Please contact your local authority for further details of your nearest designated collection point Penalties may be applicable for incor...

Page 10: ...Technologies makes no warranty representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of the products for any particular purpose or the continuing production of any product Except as expressly indicated in writing Cedrat Technologies products are not designed for use in medical life saving or life sustaining applications or for any other application in which the failure of the Cedrat Technologies p...

Page 11: ...hen the product is enabled Power Error LED red This diode lights when the product is in fault state COM1 Connector SUBD9 M This port is reserved Control Port Connector SUBD9 F Control Port 2nd module Controller Board TBD Analog I O TBD CAN Profibus Ctrl Error LED red This diode lights when the controller board is in fault state Ethernet USB USB port Digital I O TBD Table 1 Electrical interface ass...

Page 12: ... Emitter of the fault optocoupler 3 GND No 8 Imeas Output No Analog Output current sensing offset 2 5V sensitivity 56mV A 4 In Input No Analog Positive order input 10V 9 In Input No Analog Negative order input 10V 5 GND No Table 2 Control port pin assignements Note Isolated signals can withstand 200Vrms from ground Non isolated signals are referenced to GND The order is differential to increase im...

Page 13: ...gure 3 Internal schematic of the Com 1 Port Pin Signal I O Isolation Type Function 5 GND 9 RX Input No Digital Receive signal Serial communication 4 TX Output No Digital Transmit signal Serial communication 8 CTS Output No Digital Clear To Send Serial communication 3 Reserved Do not connect 7 GND 2 OT Output No Digital OverTemp fault 6 OV Output No Digital OverVoltage UnderVoltage fault 1 OC Outpu...

Page 14: ... loop is presented in the Figure 4 When a parameter of the CSA96 is modified the new parameter value is automatically saved in a non volatile memory The parameters of the CSA96 are automatically recalled on startup so that the user does not have to reconfigure the board on every power up Since those commands write the memory their execution time is longer Figure 4 Internal current loop diagram 7 4...

Page 15: ...driven by current The recommended current value is 10mA The internal resistance is 330R as shown on Figure 2 Figure 5 Internal diagram of the ACPL 214 optocoupler with its two diodes The breakdown voltage of the transistor side is 80V collector emitter the emitter collector breakdown voltage is 7V Figure 6 Inverting and non inverting proposed connection at the user side 7 5 TOP SIDE POWER SUPPLY T...

Page 16: ...age bus V Positive voltage bus B Braking potential B Braking potential internally tied to V Table 4 Full description of the power supply connector A recommended mating connector is the BLF 5 08HC 07 180F Weidmueller Figure 8 BLF 5 08HC 03 180F Danger This connector supports potential lethal voltage Never connect disconnect one of these pins while the power source is on ...

Page 17: ...f the CSA96 E Table 5 Pin out of the actuator output connector Connect the magnetic actuator on this terminal Do not connect any capacitance or capacitive actuator on this terminal A recommended mating connector is the BLF 5 08HC 03 180F Weidmueller Danger This connector supports potential lethal voltage Never connect disconnect one of these pins while the power source is on ...

Page 18: ...on Figure 10 Wiring of the internal power supply version of the CSA96 Warning A circuit breaker must be added to connect disconnect the driver from main voltage CSA96 Amplifier Internal Supply version In In Differential Inputs 5V Neutral Phase Earth Earth Vo Vo B B Braking Rheostat Mains V V Actuator Protective Earth Protective Earth ...

Page 19: ...mended wire gauge for the power cable is 14AWG with a nominal section of 2 1mm Warning It is strictly forbidden to connect the electrical output channels of several CSA96 in parallel Danger This product contains components with lethal voltage it is strictly forbidden for the user to remove the boards from the case and to disconnect the load when electrically powered 7 7 3 EMC considerations It is ...

Page 20: ...ncy The switching frequency of the transistors is 25 kHz The effective switching frequency on the actuator is 50 kHz Warning The output connections are floating The amplifier is only intended to drive magnetic actuators Connecting capacitive actuators such as piezo actuators on the outputs of the CSA96 will lead to the destruction of the amplifier 8 2 EFFICIENCY AND COOLING For the internal supply...

Page 21: ...ncy Max Power Losses Amplifier 98 40W Power supply 91 65W Those power losses are a worst case because the power losses in the power supply depends on the power needed by the actuator and the amplifier 8 3 LIMITATIONS AND PROTECTIONS 8 3 1 Current limitation An onboard current limitation is implemented to stay below the maximum output current The default limitation is tuned to 20A 8 3 2 Energy reco...

Page 22: ...e next equations are a rough estimation of the energy recovered by the amplifier frictions are neglected They consider kinetic and magnetic energy 𝐸𝑘 𝑥 𝐹 𝑊 𝐸𝑙 1 2 𝐿 𝐼2 Where Δx is half of the full course F is the maximum force If this energy is less than 3 5J there no need for a rheostat Example For a MICA200 Δx 2mm and F 200N 𝐸𝑘 2𝑚𝑚 200𝑁 0 4𝐽 𝐸𝑙 1 2 6𝑚𝐻 20𝐴2 1 2𝐽 Thus there no need for a rheostat...

Page 23: ...be necessary Warning If no braking resistor is connected and if the energy to recover is higher than the internal energy recovery capability of the amplifier the product may be destroyed 8 3 4 Buffer capacitor extension As the preceding equations showed the stored energy needed may be very close to the energy stored in the amplifier In this case it may be smarter to add a buffer capacitor extensio...

Page 24: ... inductances to be placed at the outputs of the amplifier is 2 x 50µH The inductances should be placed in series with the actuator at both outputs 8 3 6 Protections The CSA96 includes built in protection against these fault conditions Output over current Short circuits of transistors Power supply fault Over temperature Under Overvoltage Warning The maximum operating ambient temperature is 0 C to 4...

Page 25: ...er s one with a gain of 2A V The order must be applied with a fully differential source to avoid risks of interference and coupling The operator should follow the next sequence to assure a proper use of the switching amplifier 1 Connect the load on the switching amplifier outputs Vo and Vo 2 Connect the braking system on B and B 3 Connect the DB9M shielded cable on the Control Port 4 Connect the A...

Page 26: ...tput connections Verify that the Power On and Output ON LEDs light green Verify that the Power Error LED does not light Problems Power On LED lights green but Output On LED doesn t light Possible Causes Action Enable signal is not driven Enable signal shall be driven 5V or 10mA Problems Power On doesn t light Possible Causes Action The amplifier is not powered Check input connections ...

Page 27: ...d only under standard technical conditions as outlined above and expressly mentioned in the technical data sheet Repairs will be carried out at CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES or through your vendor Shipping handling and insurance costs to return a part for repair must be paid by the customer Interventions or attempts to service or repair the CSA96 by any unauthorized persons will invalidate this warranty ...

Page 28: ... Immediately upon receipt of the product it should be inspected carefully for any signs of damage that may have occurred during shipment If any damage is found a claim should be filed with the carrier The package should also be inspected for completeness according to the enclosed packing list If an order is incorrect or incomplete contact your distributor CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES recommends the custome...

Page 29: ...urrent Switching Amplifier 18 12 2017 AFTER SALES SERVICE If a device requires service please contact CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES or your local vendor Please include the device model and serial number in all correspondence with CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES or your vendor ...

Page 30: ...ed with the device since the delivery Problem description Please describe here the problems faced with the electronics and which are not described in the paragraph 7 Notations Please define here the short term used for external devices plugged in the electronics in order to make the writing of problem identification easier Problem identification Please summarize and describe here using the notatio...

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