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BASIC TOKEN RING NETWORKS

Page A-1

APPENDIX A

BASIC TOKEN RING NETWORKS

This Appendix covers the basic operation and concepts related to
design considerations for token ring networks.

A.1 BASIC TOKEN RING OPERATION

A token ring network is made up of a number of stations electrically
connected to form a continuous loop. Physically, the stations are
usually arranged in a star pattern around a hub or concentrator
module. The hub or concentrator provides ring access for several
stations that are electrically (or optically in the case of fiber optic
media) attached to the ring. The connections at the hub form wiring
drops, called lobes, that extend out to each of the attached stations
and return to the hub (see Figure A-1).

Figure A-1. Typical Token Ring Physical Installation

STATION 2

HUB

STATION 7

STATION 6

STATION 5

STATION 4

STATION 3

STATION 1

STATION 8

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Summary of Contents for TRMIM-20R

Page 1: ...TRMIM 20R UTP TOKEN RING CONCENTRATOR MEDIA INTERFACE MODULE INSTALLATION GUIDE CABLETRON SYSTEMS P O Box 5005 Rochester NH 03867 5005 The Complete Networking Solution ...

Page 2: ...VER INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOST PROFITS ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS MANUAL OR THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN IT EVEN IF CABLETRON SYSTEMS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF KNOWN OR SHOULD HAVE KNOWN THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES Copyright March 1991 by Cabletron Systems Inc P O Box 5005 Rochester NH 03867 5005 All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America Order Number 9030275 01 March ...

Page 3: ...ce in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever steps may be necessary to correct the interference If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Re orient the receiving antenna Relocate the M...

Page 4: ...e 2 4 2 1 4 Attenuation 2 4 2 1 5 Maximum Number Of Stations 2 4 2 1 6 Crosstalk 2 4 2 1 7 Noise 2 5 2 1 8 Temperature 2 5 2 2 Operating Specifications 2 5 2 2 1 Ring Speed 2 5 2 2 2 Ring Sequence 2 5 2 2 3 Connector Types 2 6 2 2 4 LANVIEW LEDs 2 8 2 2 5 General Specifications 2 9 CHAPTER 3 INSTALLING THE TRMIM 20R 3 1 Unpacking The TRMIM 20R 3 1 3 2 Installing The TRMIM 20R Into The MMAC 3 2 3 3...

Page 5: ...PPLICATIONS B 1 Adding To An Existing Token Ring Network B 1 B 2 Separate Token Ring Networks In One MMAC B 2 B 3 Token Ring Networks Bridged Together B 3 B 4 MMAC With Ethernet And Token Ring Simultaneously B 4 APPENDIX C CALCULATING RING LENGTH C 1 Rules For Calculating Cable Lengths C 1 C 2 Single Wiring Closet Networks C 2 C 3 Multiple Wiring Closet Networks C 8 C 4 Calculating Mixed Cable Typ...

Page 6: ...g Adjusted Ring Length ARL must be considered when planning cable lengths Prior to installing and operating the TRMIM 20R read through this manual to familiarize yourself with its content and to gain an understanding of the features of TRMIM 20R A general working knowledge of Token Ring IEEE 802 5 networks will be helpful when installing the TRMIM 20R 1 1 USING THIS MANUAL Chapter 1 Introduction c...

Page 7: ...installed into a Cabletron Systems MMAC 8FNB MMAC 8 MMAC 5FNB MMAC 3FNB or MMAC 3 The TRMIM 20R functions as a ten port concentrator in a token ring network providing passive Ring In and Ring Out ports and ten trunk coupling ports The TRMIM 20R provides two DB 9 and ten RJ 45 connectors on the front panel Two DB 9 connectors permit attachment for shielded twisted pair STP Ring In and one Ring Out ...

Page 8: ...up to 100 meters at 4 Mbit sec and up to 60 meters at 16 Mbit sec Supported cable types and lengths are listed in Chapter 2 Installation Requirements Specifications Figure 1 1 TRMIM 20R Token Ring Concentrator TRMIM 20R RI RO UTP TOKEN RING 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 X 5 X 6 X 7 X 8 X 9 X 10 X ...

Page 9: ...cated at the front of the TRMIM 20R These LEDs indicate the ring speed detection of a TRMIM 20R hardware error and when a specific port is attached to the ring A variety of network management tools can be used to control and monitor the TRMIM 20R including Cabletron Systems Local Management Cabletron Systems Remote LANVIEW Windows and Cabletron Systems SPECTRUM 1 3 RELATED MANUALS The manuals list...

Page 10: ...od IEEE Standard 802 5 Commercial Building Wiring Standard EIA Standard Proposal No 1907 A if approved to be published as EIA TIA 568 LAN Troubleshooting Handbook Mark Miller 1989 M T Publishing Inc 1 5 GETTING HELP If you need additional support related to the Cabletron Systems TRMIM 20R or if you have any questions comments or suggestions related to this manual please contact Cabletron Systems T...

Page 11: ... NOTE While the TRMIM 20R supports voice grade UTP cabling some applications where existing telephone voice grade UTP is used may be subject to crosstalk electrical noise signal attenuation or other environmental factors that exceed acceptable limits This could reduce the maximum cable lengths or in extreme cases prevent using the existing cables In some cases acceptable performance will be obtain...

Page 12: ...stations and cannot exceed the maximum drive distance Lobe Length This is the physical length of UTP cable connecting a station to the trunk coupling unit TCU port on the TRMIM 20R The recommended maximum length for the longest UTP lobe cable is shown in Table 2 2 This is a recommended maximum because cable length calculations for passive ring connections described in Appendix C could produce a ma...

Page 13: ...G solid wire for data Used for the longest cable runs within the walls of buildings Type 2 Similar to Type 1 data cable but having four additional unshielded twisted pairs of 22 AWG solid wire carried outside of the shield casing Typically used for voice communication Type 3 Four unshielded twisted pairs UTP of 24 AWG solid wire for data or voice communication Used for cable runs in walls of build...

Page 14: ...nclude the attenuation of the cables connectors and patch panels Maximum attenuation for UTP cable segments used with the TRMIM 20R is 4 0 MHz 16 0 MHz UTP Voice Grade 56 dB km 131 dB km STP IBM Types 1 2 22 dB km 45 dB km STP IBM Types 6 9 33 dB km 66 dB km 2 1 5 Maximum Number of Stations The maximum number of stations in a single ring using UTP cabling is 72 stations regardless of the ring spee...

Page 15: ...TIONS This section describes the operating specifications for the TRMIM 20R Cabletron Systems Inc reserves the right to change these specifications at any time without notice 2 2 1 Ring Speed The TRMIM 20R can be operated at a ring speed of either 4 Mbit s or 16 Mbit s Selection of the ring speed is accomplished either by a hardware jumper on the TRMIM 20R or by software selection The software sel...

Page 16: ...on the bus An empty slot or non token ring board causes the FNB trunk connection to loop back to the first token ring board in the sequence and continues to thread through the TCU ports and token ring boards until it returns to the concentrator There it threads through the TCU ports and finally to the Ring Out port Example TRMIM 22 in slot 1 with ports 2 5 8 12 in use TRMIM 20R in slot 2 with port...

Page 17: ...d pin assignments for the STP ring interface Trunk Port Pin Pin Ring In 1 RX Main Ring 5 TX Backup Ring 2 Ground 6 RX Main Ring 3 Ground 7 Ground 4 Ground 8 Ground 9 TX Backup Ring Ring Out 1 TX Main Ring 5 RX Backup Ring 2 Ground 6 TX Main Ring 3 Ground 7 Ground 4 Ground 8 Ground 9 RX Backup Ring Figure 2 2 Trunk Cable Connections FEMALE DB 9 RECEPTACLE TX Backup Ring 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 Main Ring ...

Page 18: ...are a wrap plug must be attached to the appropriate ring port The wrap plug connects the primary and backup rings Figure 2 3 shows the wiring for the wrap plug Figure 2 3 Trunk Wrap Plug 2 2 4 LANVIEW LEDs There are a number LANVIEW LEDs on the front panel of the TRMIM 20R The exact locations and functions for these LEDs are illustrated in Figure 2 4 Figure 2 4 TRMIM 20R LANVIEW LEDs ATTACHED GREE...

Page 19: ...peration Attached Green Link Attached 10 One for each TCU port ON The respective port is inserted into the ring OFF The respective port is removed bypassed from the ring 2 2 5 General Specifications SAFETY WARNING It is the responsibility of the person who sells the system to which the TRMIM 20R will be a part to ensure that the total system meets allowed limits of conducted and radiated emissions...

Page 20: ...REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATIONS Page 2 10 PHYSICAL Dimensions 13 4D x 11 5H x 2 0W inches 34 0D x 29 2H x 5 1W centimeters includes front panel Weight 2 lbs 2 oz 963 9 grams ...

Page 21: ...ng steps to unpack the MIM 1 Carefully remove the MIM from the shipping box Save the box and materials in the event the unit has to be repackaged and shipped CAUTION The electronic components on the MIM are sensitive to electrostatic discharges ESD Observe all ESD prevention measures when handling the MIM Static discharges will damage the MIM 2 Remove the MIM from its protective plastic bag holdin...

Page 22: ...t The PSM or PSM R is the source of power for MMAC modules One PSM or PSM R is required for every two MIMs NOTE The PSM R is a Redundant Power Supply Module that is recommended for use with the MMAC 8FNB Install the TRMIM 20R into the MMAC as follows 1 Position the hardware jumper on the proper pins on the TRMIM 20R to select either 4 or 16 Mbit sec network ring speed see Figure 3 1 Use the specif...

Page 23: ...rd Mother board Front Panel x x x x x x 4 Mbit sec 16 Mbit sec J1 J1 Two DB 9 Receptacles on the Daughter Board Figure 3 1 Network Speed Jumper 4 Secure the module to the MMAC by tightening the knurled knobs Failure to firmly secure the MIM may result in improper operation 5 Power the MMAC chassis on Figure 3 2 Installing the TRMIM 20R ...

Page 24: ...equirements Specifications 3 3 1 Lobe Cabling The physical lobe connection see Figure 3 3 from the TRMIM 20R to the token ring station does not require the use of a crossover cable The TCU and token ring station connectors are wired such that the transmit pair from the TRMIM 20R connects to the receive pair of the station and the receive pair from the TRMIM 20R connects to the transmit pair of the...

Page 25: ...J 45 to MIC adapters as needed 3 Repeat this process for each station Attaching the UTP Cable at the Station A Type 3 Media Filter must be installed at the station end of the lobe cable Some stations incorporate an internal filter and do not require any additional equipment If your station requires an external Type 3 Media Filter install the filter between lobe cable and station port Otherwise con...

Page 26: ... with the primary ring path and at the Ring In port interfaces with the backup ring path Similarly the receive pair at the Ring In port interfaces with the primary ring path and at the Ring Out port serves the backup path Figure 3 4 STP Trunk Connections STP TRUNK CABLING RING IN PORT RING OUT PORT FROM PREVIOUS TOKEN RING DEVICE TO NEXT TOKEN RING DEVICE Male DB 9 Connector Male DB 9 Connector TR...

Page 27: ...e TRMIM 20R When connections are made between concentrators within the same closet daisy chain the connections Ring In to Ring Out from concentrator to concentrator For some installations DB 9 to MIC adapters may be needed NOTE Wrap Jumper Plugs must be used for installations with no external ring connections to the TRMIM 20R or to replace a trunk cable to bypass a failed ring segment Two plugs ar...

Page 28: ...leshooting The green Link Attached LEDs on the MIM should be illuminated for each station inserted into the ring The yellow 16Mb LED should only be on if 16 Mbit s ring speed is selected 3 Configure the networking software The TRMIM 20R is now ready for operation Before placing the network into service test the installation thoroughly making sure that all stations are able to be addressed and that...

Page 29: ...ac and are powered on 2 Trace the ring path through the network to be sure that there are no breaks in the ring and that it is free from logical design errors While tracing the ring a Check each cable connection on the MIM b Verify that the pinout for every connector is correct c Check the cable conductors for continuity Cable testers are available for this task d Check each cable connection at pa...

Page 30: ...LEDs to observe network status or diagnose network problems and determine which node or segment is faulty The definitions and locations for the front panel LANVIEW LEDs are illustrated in Figure 4 1 Figure 4 1 TRMIM 20R LANVIEW LEDs TRMIM 20R 1 X 7 X SN 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 ERR 16Mb A T C H E D A T A T C H E D A T R I RO 16 Mb Yellow ON Ring speed is set for 16 Mbit sec OFF Ring speed is set for 4...

Page 31: ...tion is lit indicating that the respective ring port is in a non wrap state When either indicator is not lit it indicates that the respective ring port has been set to the wrap state by network management software The TRMIM 20R does not automatically wrap to recover from ring segment failure ERR The error indicator Red should not be lit under normal operating conditions When lit this LED indicates...

Page 32: ...ally the stations are usually arranged in a star pattern around a hub or concentrator module The hub or concentrator provides ring access for several stations that are electrically or optically in the case of fiber optic media attached to the ring The connections at the hub form wiring drops called lobes that extend out to each of the attached stations and return to the hub see Figure A 1 Figure A...

Page 33: ...nd uses the opportunity to transmit information it appears that the token is removed from the ring and held by the station for the duration of the transmission In reality the token is modified by the station and used to create the data frame The token is divided and the information is inserted between the modified Access Control AC field and the Ending Delimiter ED Figure A 2 shows the token and i...

Page 34: ...now available for use by another station The token resumes its circulation until it reaches the next station that is waiting to send data Here the process will begin again with that station seizing the token Unless an error occurs that disrupts normal token passing the original token remains in circulation Lost tokens are detected by the AM and appropriate corrective procedures are initiated Figur...

Page 35: ... to these components The network functions provided by the following devices are often combined in a single device A concentrator is a device that provides multiple trunk coupling unit ports bounded by externally accessible Ring In and Ring Out trunk ports The primary function of a concentrator is to serve as a hub providing trunk coupling units for attaching stations and controlling access to the...

Page 36: ...tions Bridge devices not illustrated connect rings that cannot be expanded at their maximum number of stations or rings that are operating at different speeds 4 Mbit sec vs 16 Mbit sec They do not expand a single network rather they connect multiple networks together They maintain routing information filter messages that cross the bridge regenerate signals and provide buffering required for networ...

Page 37: ...g and a backup ring This backup ring is used to restore the continuity of the ring in the event of a failed trunk segment broken trunk cable Figure A 4 illustrates how the open ends of the ring can be wrapped into the backup ring restoring continuity through the creation of a new ring Some devices will wrap automatically when a problem is detected Others require human intervention to restore the r...

Page 38: ...ance include the lobe from the sending station to the concentrator the sum of the trunk cable segments around the ring and since the sending station must ultimately remove the original message from the ring the lobe from the concentrator to the sending station Figure A 5 illustrates the cables that make up the drive distance in a token ring Figure A 5 Cable Lengths in a Token Ring When a wrap occu...

Page 39: ...culating cable lengths giving consideration to ARL Figure A 6 shows the impact of a broken trunk segment on overall ring length Without the break the ring length is 275 meters and the drive distance for the station at the longest lobe is 575 meters 275 2 x 150 With the 50 meter section of trunk cable between Concentrator 2 Ring Out and Concentrator 3 Ring In broken the two ring ports must be wrapp...

Page 40: ...WORK Figure B 1 shows the addition of an MMAC with a TRMIM 22 and a TRMIM 20R into an existing token ring network Here the TRMIM 20R is used to insert an MMAC and its token ring products into the ring Any concentrator with externally accessible trunk ports designed for use in an MMAC can be used The Ring In and Ring Out ports of the TRMIM 20R are connected to Ring In and Ring Out ports of the adja...

Page 41: ...t ring speeds e g one at 4 Mbit sec and one at 16 Mbit sec cannot be linked together Example MMAC 8FNB one TRMIM 20R one TRMIM 22 five TRMIM 12s and one IRM Slot 0 IRM Slot 1 TRMIM 20R for ring network 1 at 4 Mbit sec Slot 2 TRMIM 22 for ring network 1 at 4 Mbit sec Slot 3 first TRMIM 12 for ring network 2 at 4 Mbit sec Slot 4 second TRMIM 12 for ring network 2 at 4 Mbit sec Slot 5 first TRMIM 12 ...

Page 42: ...ne or both of the rings is at maximum capacity In Figure B 3 one network is running at 4 Mbit sec and the other is running at 16 Mbit sec The 16 Mbit sec ring network with 130 stations is close to its maximum capacity of 136 stations When the two networks are connected the bridge is counted as a station in both rings Figure B 3 Using a Bridge to Connect Ring Networks Token Ring Network running at ...

Page 43: ...ing to Ethernet bridge Without this bridge information cannot pass between the two networks In this illustration the Ethernet and token ring networks are not able to communicate with each other Figure B 4 Token Ring and Ethernet in the Same MMAC MMAC 8FNB with IRM THN MIM and TRMIM 12 AUI Cable T T T Ethernet Network Since the Ethernet and Token Ring Networks are NOT Bridged together by a bridging...

Page 44: ...on They show how the tables on the Cable Length Worksheets were compiled and are NOT needed for calculating your cable lengths Chapter 2 Requirements Specifications lists information related to the maximum lobe length maximum drive distance and specifications for various cable types that can be used with your Cabletron Systems token ring products Refer to that chapter whenever you have a question ...

Page 45: ...d complete the worksheet as follows 1 The Maximum Drive Limit when considering ARL is one half the maximum drive distance 2525 feet at 4 Mbit s or 1138 feet at 16 Mbit s or 1263 feet at 4 Mbit s or 569 feet at 16 Mbit s for Type 1 STP cable 2 Refer to the table at the bottom of the worksheet to find the Internal Trunk Length for your wiring closet configuration 3 Subtract the Internal Trunk Length...

Page 46: ... the available trunk cable length If you need further assistance with your network design contact Cabletron Systems Technical Support Use Figure C 1 to follow the calculations using the UTP Cable Length Worksheet for Single Wiring Closets in this example for a 4 Mbit sec ring Single Wiring Closet 4 Mbit sec 1 Maximum Drive Limit 1 1263 ft 2 Internal Trunk Length 7 concentrators in 2 racks 150 2 15...

Page 47: ...ond for multiple racks within the wiring closet The difference between the two formulas is accounted for by the cabling between the racks within a wiring closet The term Internal Trunk Length refers to the trunk cable length within the wiring closet adjusted to give consideration to ARL The actual calculations used in the table are as follows WALL PLATE WALL PLATE STATION 1 STATION 2 WIRING CLOSET...

Page 48: ...TRMIM 20R ring ports Multiple Rack Internal Trunk Length Rack to Rack Patch Cables Concentrator to Concentrator Patch Cables where Rack to Rack Patch Cables 45 x number of Racks Concentrator to Concentrator Patch Cables 12 x number of Concentrators number of Racks NOTE You are hereby authorized to copy the next page UTP Cable Length Worksheet in this appendix Copy the worksheet for your planning n...

Page 49: ...7 300 333 366 399 432 465 498 15 246 279 312 345 378 411 444 477 510 16 258 291 324 357 390 423 456 489 522 17 270 303 336 369 402 435 468 501 534 18 282 315 348 381 414 447 480 513 546 19 294 327 360 393 426 459 492 525 558 20 306 339 372 405 438 471 504 537 570 UTP CABLE LENGTH WORKSHEET 1 Maximum Drive Limit 2 Internal Trunk Length 3 Type 1 Cable Budget 4 Type 1 STP to UTP Conversion 5 Maximum ...

Page 50: ...ining TCU port to patch panel feet Wiring closet to wall plate feet Wall plate to station feet Longest Lobe Length 2 Since we are trying to establish a budget for Type 1 STP trunk cabling the UTP Lobe Length for your network Actual Longest Lobe must be converted to an Equivalent Type 1 Lobe Length using a conversion factor of 2 54 for networks operating at 4 Mbit s or by 2 91 for 16 Mbit s 3 Multi...

Page 51: ...rom the Maximum Drive Limit to obtain cable length available for the External Trunk Cable Budget outside the closets in your configuration External Trunk Cable Budget Maximum Drive Limit Internal Drive Distance 8 Find the total length of the Actual Trunk Cable lengths between wiring closets 9 Compare the Actual Trunk Cable length with the External Trunk Cable Budget step 7 When your Actual Trunk C...

Page 52: ...Lobe given as 85 feet 1 85 ft 2 UTP to Type 1 STP Conversion 2 X 2 54 3 Equivalent Type 1 Lobe Length 3 216 ft 4 Combined Trunk Length 93 69 24 186 4 186 ft 5 Internal Drive Distance 5 402 ft 6 Maximum Drive Limit 6 1263 ft 6a Internal Drive Distance 402 ft 7 External Trunk Cable Budget 7 861 ft 8 Actual External Trunk Cable Length 95 70 175 340 8 340 ft 9 Result 9 521 ft The result is positive an...

Page 53: ...bling within wiring closets see Figure C 3 in a multiple closet configuration The term Internal Trunk Length refers to trunk cabling length within the wiring closet adjusted to give consideration to ARL The actual calculation used in the table is described as follows 70 95 175 85 LONGEST LOBE Token Ring Corporation WC 3 1 Rack 1 Concentrator 24 feet WC 2 2 Racks 2 Concentrators 69 feet WC 1 2 Rack...

Page 54: ...bles 12 x number of Concentrators number of Racks Figure C 3 Wiring Closet Cabling NOTE You are hereby authorized to copy the next page UTP Cable Length Worksheet in this appendix Copy the worksheet for your planning needs but remember to keep a blank copy for future network configuration changes MAIN RING WALL PLATE WALL PLATE STATION 1 STATION 2 IN OUT WIRING CLOSET LOBE CABLING TRUNK CABLING Fr...

Page 55: ... Internal Drive Distance from 5 UTP CABLE LENGTH WORKSHEET Internal Trunk Length for Multiple Wiring Closets Number of Number of Racks Multiple Closets Concentrators 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 24 2 36 69 Values are Type 1 3 48 81 114 Equivalent in Feet 4 60 93 126 159 5 72 105 138 171 204 6 84 117 150 183 216 249 7 96 129 162 195 228 261 294 8 108 141 174 207 240 273 306 339 9 120 153 186 219 252 285 ...

Page 56: ...uations Usually cable lengths are most useful when converted to a Type 1 equivalent length Use the following formulas to convert to Type 1 2 from Type 6 9 and Type 1 2 from UTP at 4 Mbit s or UTP at 16 Mbit s Multiply the To find the length of By length of Type 1 or Type 2 39 UTP 4 Mbit s 34 UTP 16 Mbit s 3 2 1 5 Type 6 or Type 9 UTP 2 54 Type 1 or 2 4 Mbit s 2 91 Type 1 or 2 16 Mbit s ...

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