AUTO GYRO CAVALON Pilot Operating Handbook Download

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Flight Manual

Cavalon

SECTION 2

LIMITATIONS

RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon

Revision 3.0, Issue Date 06.04.16

2-6

Cylinder Head Temperature

Marking

Maximum cylinder head temperature

Red radial

135 °C

Green arc

50 – 135 °C

Engine Oil Pressure

Marking

Maximum oil pressure

Red radial

7 bar

Yellow arc

5 – 7 bar

Normal range

Green arc

2 – 5 bar

Yellow arc

0.8 – 2 bar

Minimum oil pressure

Red radial

0.8 bar

Manifold Pressure* ROTAX 912 ULS

Marking

Maximum manifold pressure

Red radial

31 In Hg

Yellow arc

27 – 31 In Hg

Maximum continuous MAP

Green arc

0 -

27 In Hg

Manifold Pressure* ROTAX 914 UL

Marking

Maximum manifold pressure

Red radial

39 In Hg

Yellow arc

31 – 39 In Hg

Maximum continuous MAP

Green arc

0 -

31 In Hg

* Applicable only if installed, MAP gauge is optional. MAP limits do not apply for 912ULS engine
speeds above 5100 RPM. 914UL limits are controlled by the engine managements system

Summary of Contents for CAVALON

Page 1: ...Pre pages 1 RotorSport UK Ltd Poplar Farm Prolley Moor Wentnor Bishops Castle SY9 5EJ Company Reg No 5486550 Phone 44 0 1588 650769 Fax 44 0 1588 650769 Email info rotorsport org Approval number DAI 9917 06 Pilot s Operating Handbook for Gyroplane Cavalon ...

Page 2: ...d type approval holder RotorSport UK Ltd Prolley Moor Wentnor Bishops Castle Shropshire SY9 5EJ Owner _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ This flight manual is always to be carried on board of the aircraft and must be kept in current up to date status The latest revisions and version status ...

Page 3: ...0 First formal release 12 04 13 2 0 560kg MTOW MC 281 and IVO prop MC 276 recognised All pages republished at Rev 2 24 06 15 3 0 TOPP Rotor option added P1 4 para 1 9 P7 5 para 7 8 Caution para 8 15 1 Vertical CG limit increased to 940 page 2 7 para 2 7 2 06 04 16 Pilots Flight and Operation Manual Document approval ...

Page 4: ...RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 Pre pages 4 Signature Position Chief Test Pilot Signature Position Engineering Manager Signature Position Head of Airworthiness ...

Page 5: ...Colour Code for Instrument Markings 2 3 2 4 Airspeed Limitations and Instrument Markings 2 4 2 5 Rotor Speed Limitations and Instrument Markings 2 4 2 6 Powerplant Limitations and Instrument Markings 2 5 2 7 Weight and Balance 2 7 2 8 Flight Crew 2 8 2 9 Kinds of Operation 2 8 2 10 Fuel 2 9 2 11 Minimum Equipment 2 9 2 12 Placards 2 10 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 3 1 SECTION 3 3 1 Engine Failure 3 1 3 2 ...

Page 6: ...9 4 10 Climb 4 9 4 11 Cruise 4 9 4 12 Descent 4 9 4 13 Approach 4 10 4 14 Landing 4 10 4 15 Go around 4 11 4 16 After Landing 4 11 4 17 Engine Shut down 4 12 4 18 Parking 4 12 4 19 Special Procedure Short Field Take off 4 12 4 20 Special Procedure Slow Speed Sink and Recovery 4 12 4 21 Flight with Doors Removed 4 13 4 22 Training Engine In flight Shut down and Air Restart 4 14 4 23 Noise Abatement...

Page 7: ...Avionics 7 11 7 15 Instrument Panel 7 12 7 16 Intercom 7 14 7 17 Pitot Static 7 14 7 18 Indicators and Sensors 7 14 7 19 Seats and Seatbelts 7 14 7 20 Stowage Capacity 7 14 HANDLING AND SERVICING 8 1 SECTION 8 8 1 Maintenance Obligations 8 1 8 2 General 8 1 8 3 Ground Handling 8 2 8 4 Cleaning 8 2 8 5 Refuelling 8 3 8 6 Checking of Engine Oil Level 8 3 8 7 Checking of Engine Coolant Level 8 4 8 8 ...

Page 8: ... 9 4 4 through 9 4 9 1 9 5 Not used 1 9 6 Not used 1 SAFETY TIPS 10 1 SECTION 10 Low G Avoidance 10 1 Side Slip in Gyroplanes 10 1 Flying Low on Fuel Is Dangerous 10 2 Do Not Push the Envelope and Remain Easy On the Controls 10 2 Strobe Lights On For Your Own and Other s Safety 10 2 Propellers and Rotors Can Be Extremely Dangerous 10 2 Power Lines and Cables Are Deadly 10 2 Loss of Visibility Can ...

Page 9: ...ge s Rev Date Page s Rev Date 1 1 to 1 8 3 06 04 16 9 1 1 to 3 2 24 06 15 2 1 to 2 10 3 06 04 16 9 2 1 2 24 06 15 3 1 to 3 9 2 24 06 15 9 3 1 2 24 06 15 4 1 to 4 13 2 24 06 15 9 4 1 2 24 06 15 5 1 to 5 6 2 24 06 15 9 5 1 to 2 2 24 06 15 6 1 2 24 06 15 9 6 1 2 24 06 15 7 1 to 7 12 3 06 04 16 10 1 to 10 4 2 24 06 15 8 1 to 8 9 3 06 04 16 Appendices 2 24 06 15 ...

Page 10: ...Flight Manual Cavalon Table of Contents List of Effective Pages RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 Index LOEP 6 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 11: ...n 1 1 1 2 Certification 1 1 1 3 Performance Data and Operating Procedures 1 1 1 4 Definition of Terms 1 3 1 5 Important Note 1 3 1 6 Three view of the Cavalon 1 4 1 7 Description 1 5 1 8 Technical Data 1 5 1 9 Rotor 1 5 1 10 Engine 1 6 1 11 Propeller 1 6 1 12 In flight adjustment 1 7 1 13 Abbreviations and Terminology 1 8 ...

Page 12: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 1 GENERAL RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 3 0 Issue Date 06 04 16 1 ii INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 13: ...Note that depending on the kind of operation type of maintenance activity or component involved the competent authority may dictate qualified personnel and or respective facilities 1 2 Certification The Cavalon is designed tested and approved according to the German design specifications for microlight gyroplanes Bauvorschriften für Ultraleichte Tragschrauber BUT 2001 including its latest amendmen...

Page 14: ...1 GENERAL RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 3 0 Issue Date 06 04 16 1 2 All documented performance data and operating procedures have been identified within the approval processes for this gyroplane by means of flight test and analysis ...

Page 15: ...ropriate procedure or condition could result in damage to or destruction of equipment NOTE A note stresses the attention for a special circumstance which is essential to emphasize 1 5 Important Note Before each flight pilots must make themselves familiar with the appropriate navigational weather and safety information pertinent to their planned route The limitations provided in SECTION 2 of this m...

Page 16: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 1 GENERAL RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 3 0 Issue Date 06 04 16 1 4 1 6 Three view of the Cavalon ...

Page 17: ...d stabilizer surfaces are manufactured in CRP 1 8 Technical Data Length 4 75 m Width 1 75 m Height 2 82 m Empty weight 290 0 kg nominal Payload 210 0 kg nominal Take off weight mass max 500 0 kg Fuel tank capacity 100 ltr If MC 281 Cavalon upgrade to 560kg MTOW embodied then the following apply Empty weight 290 0 kg nominal Payload 270 0 kg nominal Take off weight mass max 560 0 kg 1 9 Rotor Gener...

Page 18: ...AX 914 UL 4 cylinder four stroke spark ignition engine with opposed cylinders with turbo charger Liquid cooled cylinder heads Air cooled cylinders Dry sump forced lubrication with separate oil tank Automatic valve adjustment by hydraulic tappet 2 carburettors 2 electrical fuel pumps Electronic dual ignition Propeller speed reduction unit engine mount assembly Electric starter 12V 0 6kW Air intake ...

Page 19: ...287_POH_Cavalon Revision 3 0 Issue Date 06 04 16 1 7 1 12 Unit Conversion Multiply by to obtain kts knots 1 852 km h km h kilometres per hour 0 54 kts mph miles per hour 1 61 km h km h kilometres per hour 0 62 mph ft feet 0 305 m m metres 3 28 ft ...

Page 20: ...FOM Flight and Operation Manual G g G loading as a factor of gravity GEN Generator GPS Global Positioning System GRP Glass Reinforced Plastic hrs hours H V Height Velocity IAS Indicated AirSpeed airspeed values in this manual refer to indicated air speed ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization In Hg Manifold Pressure corresponding to inch mercury ISA International Standard Atmosphere JNP Ja...

Page 21: ...ering speed VB Design speed for maximum gust intensity VFR Visual Flight Rules VH Maximum level flight speed at maximum continuous power VHmin Minimum level flight speed VNE Never Exceed Speed maximum speed that must never be exceeded VOX Voice Operated eXchange means voice activation level VPP Variable Pitch Propeller VSI Vertical Speed Indicator VX Speed for best angle of climb VY Speed for best...

Page 22: ......

Page 23: ...ings 2 4 2 5 Rotor Speed Limitations and Instrument Markings 2 4 2 6 Powerplant Limitations and Instrument Markings 2 5 2 7 Weight and Balance 2 7 2 7 1 Weight Limits 2 7 2 7 2 Centre of Gravity CG Limits 2 7 2 7 3 Demonstrated Structural Load Factors 2 8 2 8 Flight Crew 2 8 2 9 Kinds of Operation 2 8 2 10 Fuel 2 9 2 10 1 Approved Fuel Grades 2 9 2 10 2 Fuel Tank Capacities 2 9 2 10 3 Unusable Fue...

Page 24: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 2 ii INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 25: ...manoeuvres Do not perform any manoeuvres resulting in the sensation of feeling light or near weightless WARNING Smoking on board is prohibited CAUTION This gyroplane has been designed and tested for a safe design load of 3 5g at maximum take off weight 500kg 3 0g at maximum take off weight 560kg Note that flying at high speeds in turbulent air especially in combination with aggressive manoeuvres o...

Page 26: ...n the aircraft are not necessarily certified parts Whilst the manufacturer takes great care to ensure the parts are of appropriate quality the level of guaranteed service is less than that with a certified aircraft and pilot operators must consider this in their flight planning In common with other aircraft of this type the Cavalon utilises a non certified engine This means that there may be a hig...

Page 27: ...titudes as it is possible to overspeed the engine in level flight at max power Take care to monitor the engine rpm gauge WARNING Do not consider flying in the likelihood of severe weather Thunderstorms may develop rapidly with the risk of heavy precipitation or hail severe turbulence with strong vertical air movements and lightning strike If despite proper flight planning a thunderstorm should be ...

Page 28: ...ng gust conditions Green arc 30 130 km h 20 80mph Yellow arc 0 30 km h 0 20mph WARNING The maximum speed VNE must never be exceeded WARNING Sudden or large forward control inputs must be avoided at all times in flight Do not exceed 80mph when flying through turbulence high gusts or rough winds 2 5 Rotor Speed Limitations and Instrument Markings Rotor Speed Marking Rotor speed limit Red radial 610 ...

Page 29: ...continuous power Green arc 1400 5500 RPM Recommended pre rotation clutch speed Green radial 2000 RPM Yellow arc 0 1400 RPM Engine Oil Temperature Marking Maximum oil temperature Red radial 130 C Yellow arc 110 130 C Normal range Green arc 90 110 C Yellow arc 50 90 C Minimum oil temperature Red radial 50 C NOTE Oil temperature is measured in the oil tank and is the temperature of the oil as it exit...

Page 30: ...c 0 8 2 bar Minimum oil pressure Red radial 0 8 bar Manifold Pressure ROTAX 912 ULS Marking Maximum manifold pressure Red radial 31 In Hg Yellow arc 27 31 In Hg Maximum continuous MAP Green arc 0 27 In Hg Manifold Pressure ROTAX 914 UL Marking Maximum manifold pressure Red radial 39 In Hg Yellow arc 31 39 In Hg Maximum continuous MAP Green arc 0 31 In Hg Applicable only if installed MAP gauge is o...

Page 31: ...carry corresponding ballast during solo operation which may be located in the baggage compartment around the occupant in a form such as sheet lead under the seat cushion or securely restrained on the second seat Storage compartments behind seats Maximum weight in each storage compartment 2 ea 10 kg NOTE When loaded the weight in each storage compartment has to be deducted from the maximum weight i...

Page 32: ...cted at all times 2 8 Flight Crew Minimum crew is one pilot in the RH seat Harness in the LH seat must be fastened and tight if not occupied The LH flight controls must never be restricted by passenger or objects Passengers must be briefed accordingly 2 9 Kinds of Operation Only day VFR operation is approved Aerobatic flight is prohibited NOTE Manoeuvres involving bank angles of more than 60 are c...

Page 33: ...ble and unrecoverable attitude Flight in icing conditions is prohibited NOTE Icing may occur even at temperatures above freezing Operation in strong gusts or wind speeds of more than 72 km h 40 kts is prohibited 2 10 Fuel 2 10 1 Approved Fuel Grades Preferred fuel UL91 or EN 228 Super or EN228 Super plus min ROZ 95 Alternative fuel AVGAS 100 LL ASTM D910 For operational constraints and maintenance...

Page 34: ...m gauge Engine instruments oil pressure RPM CHT Pre rotator 2 12 Placards In clear view of the pilot on centre panel MTOW is 500kg or if MC 281 embodied then 560kg OPERATING LIMITATIONS Aerobatic Limitations Aerobatic manoeuvres are prohibited Manoeuvres involving a deliberate reduction in normal g shall be avoided CG Range Limits Gyroplane refer to Pilots Handbook data ...

Page 35: ...eed Vne 100mph Other Limitations This aircraft shall be flown by day and under Visual Flight Rules only Smoking in the aircraft is prohibited Occupant warning beside both seat entry and on centre panel OCCUPANT WARNING This aircraft has not been certified to an international requirement At each storage compartment behind seats At fuel filler neck ...

Page 36: ...light Manual Cavalon SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 3 0 Issue Date 06 04 16 2 12 At oil filler access panel At fuel shut off valve Or At both static ports Fitted to the doors inside ...

Page 37: ...ng lamp Continuously lit Low Volt lamp indicates electrical demand exceeds supply and the battery is being drained If lit in flight reduce demand until unlit If not possible expedite landing Pre rotator rotor brake interlock release Do not rely on this display Day VMC only GPS unit not for navigational use The unit software charts are not approved or certified to any national standard Warning Char...

Page 38: ...on front of the instrument panel The registration letters are placed high on the tail fin and are 60cm long 30cm high This has been accepted as best practice compliance to CAP523 the CAA standard for aircraft registration Alternative markings and position of markings is acceptable provided they comply with this standard Note that all placards must have the same units of measure as the instruments ...

Page 39: ...l 3 4 3 8 4 Trim runaway 3 5 3 9 Pitch oscillation recovery 3 5 3 10 Vibration 3 5 3 11 Door open in flight 3 7 3 12 Warning and Caution Lights 3 8 3 12 1 GEN or Low Volt Indicator Light 3 8 3 12 2 Low Volt 3 8 3 12 3 BOOST WARN Light Boost red only ROTAX 914 UL 3 9 3 12 4 BOOST CAUTION Light Caution orange only ROTAX 914 UL 3 9 3 12 5 Fire 3 9 3 12 6 Low Fuel if installed 3 10 3 12 7 Deleted 3 10...

Page 40: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 3 ii INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 41: ...es and bring rotor to a stop Engine failure after lift off and below 150 ft AGL The climb out should be performed according to the Height Velocity Diagram in CHAPTER 5 When engine failure occurs immediately lower nose to enter glide attitude Continue straight ahead a 180 turn back to the airfield may be a bad option Maintain airspeed until ground is approached then perform flare Depending on final...

Page 42: ...er key to OFF 3 3 Landing into Trees or High Vegetation Assume the surface of the treetops or vegetation as level Plan touch down and flare with minimum ground speed and minimum rate of descent As soon as the wheels contact the vegetation bring the rotor disc to level attitude to avoid partial blade tip contact with vegetation Shut down engine by switching magnetos OFF and master switch OFF 3 4 De...

Page 43: ... 6 Smoke and Fire Indications of smoke should be treated in the same way as a fire NOTE The fire warning system will illuminate a RED flashing warning lamp on the panel when the special cable in the engine bay has melted due to the effect of high temperatures fire This lamp shows solid red when a fault is detected In case of fire the following action is recommended Smoke or fire on ground Both mag...

Page 44: ...Throttle jammed open or max Navigate to a suitable landing site with the power set If over safe terrain magneto switches may be used to control power When within gliding distance to the selected landing site shut down engine to perform a power off landing as per Emergency Procedure Engine failure NOTE In case of a control cable breakage the carburettor will be automatically set to full throttle po...

Page 45: ... landing Do not select Brake in an attempt to reduce air pressure as this will disturb the pitch trim in which the out of trim forces are significantly higher 3 9 Pitch oscillation recovery There are generally two types of pitch oscillation that caused by pilot over control PIO Pilot Induced Oscillation and that caused by aerodynamic oscillation PIO is not generally found on two seat gyroplanes du...

Page 46: ...heck all system joints for tightness and also for cracks at the base of the mast Check security of all fastenings between the rotor and the pilot 3 11 OTHER EQUIPMENT FAILURE Good judgement must be used in monitoring instruments and timely action taken should a reading be in doubt If in doubt make a precautionary landing and resolve the issue rather than continuing a flight Actions recommended ASI...

Page 47: ...ss check to predicted fuel burn Low fuel light will light as a backup Sudden large deflections are normally unlikely with the exception of loss of pressure readings 3 11 Door open in flight A door open in flight is NOT catastrophic The door hinge line is angled to the oncoming airflow such that if left open before take off or opened in flight the oncoming airflow will naturally close the door Note...

Page 48: ... if in good condition to provide 30minutes of reserve power to supply the aircraft instrumentation and avionics after which time electrical equipment may cease to function ROTAX 914 UL If any of the indicators are permanently lit switch off all unnecessary electrical consumers and perform a precautionary landing within 30minutes The battery is expected if in good condition to provide 30minutes of ...

Page 49: ...e power is degraded and continuous operation may lead to engine damage Perform a precautionary landing considering reduced engine performance and be prepared for engine failure 3 12 5 Fire Refer to emergency procedure Smoke and Fire and Flight Manual Supplement The Fire Warning system works by constantly checking the resistance of a special cable mounted in both the engine bay and in the battery a...

Page 50: ...ower yellow arc Uncritical as long as oil temperature has reached normal operating range at or after take off Cyl Head Temperature Upper limit Reduce power and increase air speed If condition cannot be corrected land as soon as practicable Engine Oil Pressure Upper limit or yellow arc Reduce power If condition cannot be corrected have maintenance action performed prior to next flight Lower limit I...

Page 51: ...ch down 3 16 not used 3 17 Rotor Icing A more than normal or constantly increasing power demand may be caused by an iced up rotor system This could ultimately result in a condition where altitude cannot be maintained even at maximum power An iced up rotor system can also cause severe vibration If any of the signs for rotor icing is evident carry out a precautionary landing 3 18 Landing with a Defl...

Page 52: ...ive Method of Engine Shut down If the engine continues running after the magnetos have been switched off use one of the following alternative methods Engage full choke wait a few seconds and open the throttle suddenly This normally chokes the engine and causes it to stop Alternatively turn off the fuel using the fuel cock behind the seats ...

Page 53: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 3 13 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 54: ......

Page 55: ...g Engine 4 6 4 7 Taxi and Run up 4 7 4 8 Take off Procedure 4 7 4 9 Take off Run 4 9 4 10 Climb 4 9 4 11 Cruise 4 9 4 12 Descent 4 9 4 13 Approach 4 10 4 14 Landing 4 10 4 15 Go around 4 11 4 16 After Landing 4 11 4 17 Engine Shut down 4 12 4 18 Parking 4 12 4 19 Special Procedure Short Field Take off 4 12 4 20 Special Procedure Slow Speed Sink and Recovery 4 12 4 21 Flight with Doors Removed 4 13...

Page 56: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 4 ii INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 57: ...pects as well as SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE and SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE of this manual The use of check lists as provided in this manual is mandatory for a safe operation 4 3 Daily or Pre flight Checks All daily or pre flight check list items consist of visual checks and do not replace professional mechanical inspection and maintenance The following check list applies for the standard Cavalon gyro...

Page 58: ...ete Exterior check Station 1 forward fuselage and windshield General appearance OK Pitot cover if installed Removed Pitot tube Clean and open Rotor lash bag if sufficient brake pressure Removed Windshield condition and cleanliness Check no cracks ʘ Nose wheel condition and air pressure Check Station 2 cabin RH side Static port Clean and open MAG switches Check OFF Rotor brake pressure min 6 bar ʘ ...

Page 59: ... ʘ Teeter stops Check ʘ Rotor hub and blade clamping area Check Blade attachment bolts All installed and fastened ʘ Inner blade caps Tight Station 4 engine RH side Open upper engine cowling ʘ Before turning prop MAG switches Check OFF ʘ Engine oil level Check ʘ Dip stick and oil cap Installed and secure ʘ Coolant level Check Oil cooler and hoses Clean no leaks fittings tight Exhaust system No crac...

Page 60: ... decoupling element attachment 2x Check Rotor flight control No excessive play and secure ʘ Teeter bolt bolt end Free to turn Teeter bolt nut end Split pin installed Station 9 passenger station LH side ʘ LH control stick Secure or removed ʘ Monocoque structure condition Check Seat belts Fastened and tight Door hinge s Quick pin installed or nylocks safety clips no cracks Door window Check no crack...

Page 61: ...area It is the pilots responsibility to ensure any item stowed behind the seats or anywhere else in the aircraft is secure If the stowed items could come free in the event of an accident then suitable restraints must be fitted for instance anchored to the seat belt harness lap belt mounting lugs via a suitable strap 4 5 Before Starting Engine Pedals Adjusted and locked Seat belts Fastened Flight c...

Page 62: ...p Pump 2 OFF The 914UL pump is left OFF to prove the pump fuse and function is correct All engine variants Note increased fuel pump buzz when Pump 2 is turned on ACL Strobe if installed ON Both MAG switches ON Propeller and area Clear Starter with right hand left hand on throttle brake Engage Hold starter until engine fires but for a maximum of 10 seconds Generally the engine fires immediately In ...

Page 63: ...t hand while left hand resides on throttle brake Throttle Idle Warning and caution indications None Instruments altimeter Cross check NAV lights As required Second fuel pump Pump 2 ON Doors Cross check closed and locked Approach and runway Clear then line up 4 8 Take off Procedure Check relative wind Maintain control stick in forward position with right hand Switch pneumatic mode selector to FLIGH...

Page 64: ... increase first If the situation cannot be corrected abort take off run CAUTION Do not engage pre rotator at too high engine RPM or until too high rotor RPM as this will lead to pre rotator drive damage CAUTION Avoid overtorqing of the pre rotator drive Overtorqing will occur if RPM power is fed excessively or abruptly In case of a stalling engine release pre rotator button temporarily Do not yank...

Page 65: ...build up speed in ground effect WARNING Gyroplanes are fully controllable at very low speeds without exhibiting any signs of wing stall or soft flight controls as would be the case in a fixed wing aircraft However operation behind the power curve may have fatal consequences during take off initial climb or in any other situation within close ground proximity Always allow aircraft to build up safe ...

Page 66: ...preparation for the flare Initiate round out to reduce sink rate and let ground approach Perform final flare close to ground as speed will decay rapidly Let gyroplane settle on main gear with nose wheel slightly above the ground Hold nose wheel closely above ground and let it sit down with pedals neutral at the lowest possible ground speed reducing closing the throttle as required Maintain aft con...

Page 67: ...ove walking speed and mind high centre of gravity when taking turns Do not vacate gyroplane until engine and rotor is at a complete stop WARNING Mind the spinning rotor and propeller when taxiing close to obstructions or persons A fast turning rotor is almost invisible but may contain enough energy to kill a person CAUTION Try to park the blades fore aft of the aircraft to avoid high stick loads i...

Page 68: ...ff but performed with maximum precision Therefore a short field take off is not so much a procedural thing but needs practice experience and mentoring Apart from environmental aspects such as wind and density altitude the condition of the gyroplane and its gross weight the key factors for a short take off performance are Maximum allowed pre rotation RPM and no time lost until stick is fully aft if...

Page 69: ...ng the ends from the nipple on the door and on the aircraft body 3 Close the door and loosely lock 4 Noting the location and quantity of washers remove the nut and hinge bolt or quik pins where fitted from both hinges Alternatively remove the 4 bungs on the inside of the cabin and remove the 4 nuts that hold the hinge eye bolts in place with a socket drive 5 Disengage the door lock and lift the do...

Page 70: ... gyroplane is sometimes perceived as unpleasant although it meets the same or sometimes more stringent noise emission requirements This effect can be attributed to the pusher concept where the propeller is exposed to air flow which was distorted by the fuselage The degree of distortion and therefore the noise emission of the propeller is significantly lower at reduced speeds The best practices to ...

Page 71: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 4 15 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 72: ......

Page 73: ...1 5 2 Airspeed Correction 5 1 5 3 Height Velocity Diagram 5 2 5 4 Speeds 5 3 5 5 Rate of Climb 5 3 5 6 Take off and Landing Data 5 3 5 7 Influence on Take off Distance and Climb Rate 5 4 5 8 Sink Rate and Glide Ratio 5 6 5 9 Additional Performance Data 5 6 5 9 1 Fuel Flow 5 6 5 9 2 Service Ceiling 5 6 5 10 Sound Exposure Level Noise Characteristics 5 6 ...

Page 74: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 5 ii INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 75: ...eters apply to standard conditions 15 C at sea level and standard pressure and a gross mass of 500 kg Note that operation at 560kg MTOW a higher airfield elevation increased temperature and low air pressure will have a negative effect on performance 5 1 Demonstrated Operating Temperature Satisfactory engine cooling has been demonstrated at outside air temperatures up to 40 C 5 2 Airspeed Correctio...

Page 76: ... combinations of height and speed avoid area left side of the red graph where a safe landing may not be possible in case of an engine failure Therefore operation on the left side of the red line must be avoided Take offs and landings should be conducted according to the recommended flight profile provided as blue dashed line 0 25 37 50 62 75 Velocity mph ...

Page 77: ...e best range speed which results in a slightly lesser range but represents a good compromise between range and saved air time Approach speed above 60mph builds energy in the rotor that results in a long floating landing Approach speed at 50mph results in a very short landing roll and below 50mph requires increasing skill especially at maxTOW Vmc is the minimum controllability speed At 20mph or bel...

Page 78: ... distance 912ULS to clear a 15m obstacle 550 m Landing roll 0 20 m Landing distance over a 15m obstacle 150 m 5 7 Influence on Take off Distance and Climb Rate All flight performance figures presented in this chapter are based on standard atmospheric conditions in sea level Depending on actual temperature and pressure altitude elevation factors on take off distance and climb rate can be deducted f...

Page 79: ... SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 5 5 Example Given Outside Air Temperature 28 C and Pressure Altitude 3500 ft Result 88 increase in take off distance and climb rate reduced by 53 ...

Page 80: ...900 m or 0 5 nautical miles for each 1000 ft 5 9 Additional Performance Data 5 9 1 Fuel Flow The following fuel flow figures are provided as estimates and do not constitute certified performance Exact fuel flow will vary with environmental conditions cleanliness of propeller and rotor piloting technique minimum side slip and power setting For additional procedures about proper power setting consul...

Page 81: ..._Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 5 7 The noise certificate was granted according to the German requirements for noise protection for microlight gyroplanes Lärmschutzverordnung für Ultraleichte Tragschrauber stating an overfly noise of 68 dB or less ...

Page 82: ......

Page 83: ...ht Manual Cavalon SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 6 i CONTENTS 6 1 General 6 1 6 2 Weight and Balance Record 6 1 6 3 Compliance with Weight and Balance 6 1 ...

Page 84: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 6 ii INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 85: ... This data applies to the gyroplane as delivered from RotorSport UK Ltd Any changes in the configuration should be performed by a qualified maintenance station and documented After modifications and at regular intervals a new weighing report and equipment list should be issued 6 3 Compliance with Weight and Balance The Cavalon gyroplane is designed in such way that compliance with weight and balan...

Page 86: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 6 2 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 87: ...4 Fuel System 7 1 7 5 Pneumatic System 7 3 7 6 Power Plant 7 4 7 7 Propeller 7 4 7 8 Rotor System 7 4 7 9 Vibration Damping 7 5 7 10 Flight Controls 7 5 7 11 Electrical System 7 8 7 12 Lighting System 7 9 7 13 Electrical fusing 7 9 7 14 Avionics 7 11 7 15 Instrument Panel 7 12 7 16 Intercom 7 14 7 17 Pitot Static 7 14 7 18 Indicators and Sensors 7 14 7 19 Seats and Seatbelts 7 14 7 20 Stowage Capa...

Page 88: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 7 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 7 ii INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 89: ... loads in case of a hard landing or crash 7 3 Doors Windows and Exits This gyroplane features one large undivided glazed canopy and two hinged doors with locking mechanism at the left hand and right hand side The locking mechanism can be operated from the inside and outside by moving an aluminium locking lever The door is properly locked when the lever jumps sidewise into its locking detent Two ad...

Page 90: ... filler port see 8 5 The tanks are ventilated by a ventilation line above the tanks leading through the midchannel directly to the outside As an option a low fuel sensor may be installed The LOW FUEL warning light is triggered as soon as 5 litres or less of useable fuel remain in the tank The fuel system versions differ with engine model see schematics below Fuel system ROTAX 912 Fuel system ROTAX...

Page 91: ...ersed so that increased pressure causes the actuator to push the rotor head up or level and presses a brake pad against the rotor head disc In order to increase brake pressure move the 4 way trim switch on the stick grip aft Note that this action will also push the control stick forward At full brake pressure the control stick will be maintained in its full forward position Activation of the pre r...

Page 92: ...e the engine so that cooling air from the ram air duct passes through the cooler is directed around the engine s cylinders and finally escapes through an opening at the lower rear end of the engine cowling Force cooling is ensured by an electrically driven ducted fan controlled by a thermo switch A push button in the cockpit allows manual activation temporarily which is typically used to avoid pos...

Page 93: ... fuselage 7 10 Flight Controls Rotor head and trim control Pitch and roll of the gyroplane are controlled by tilting the complete rotor head by means of the control stick Control input is transferred via torsion tube and linkage running below the seats to the base link and from there to the rotor head via push pull control cables The control stick head is ergonomically shaped to fit the pilot s ri...

Page 94: ...hile pushing with both feet gently against the pedals allows longer adjustment After adjustment make sure the pedal assembly is properly locked as indicated by a definite and positive click Pedals left hand side shown with adjustment possibility 1 Pedals 3 Nose wheel steering cables 2 Adjustment handle 4 Pedal control cable The rudder is fitted with a trim tab This is normally biased to the left a...

Page 95: ...iction brake which holds the throttle in the selected position Choke 3 is used start a cold engine In order to do so pull the choke lever fully to the rear or ON position and be sure to have the throttle in idle position After starting the engine and a short warm up the choke can be slowly disengaged by moving the lever into its forward or OFF position The hydraulic wheel brake is actuated by pull...

Page 96: ...e engine is running and the regulator supplying sufficient electrical energy to meet demand A red GEN warning light is installed to indicate that the battery is not being charged Turning the keyswitch on if fitted with a 914UL engine will also energise the regulator relay and provide electrical energy from the battery to the primary electrical fuel pump This relay is to protect the engine fuel sup...

Page 97: ...ights 28 W NAV lights LED 9 W Landing light LED 10 W Radio ATR500 2 W rcv 35 W xmt Radio ATR833 7 W rcv 35 W xmt ATC Transponder TRT800H max 10 W Ipad 12 W 7 12 Lighting System The aircraft is approved for day VFR operation only Position lights landing light and strobes are available as optional equipment If installed refer to SECTION 9 of this manual 7 13 Electrical circuit protection Fuse descri...

Page 98: ...ted 16A Pop out circuit breaker for propeller and propeller controller CB Inst panel Fan 10A Power supply to engine cooling fan CB Inst panel Trim 2A Supplies power to the stick controls for operating the pneumatic solenoid valves and the compressor relay CB Inst panel 12v plug 5A Accessory socket CB Inst panel Heat 16A Electric seat heating CB Inst panel Rotax regulator 25A Charging circuit from ...

Page 99: ...underneath the enclosure Ensure the headsets chosen function correctly before flight and refer to the radio s User Manual The radio EASA approval number is LBA 0 10 911 113JTSO Optionally a Funkwerk ATR833 may be fitted approval no EASA 21O 0193 Transponder Option fit is a Funkwerk TRT800H Mode S transponder The antenna protrudes under the body Read the User Manual for operational instructions and...

Page 100: ...eview the CAA s GA SafetySense leaflet 25 Use of GPS downloadable from www caa co uk safetysense It is the operators responsibility to ensure any information and software stored in the Ipad is up to date The Ipad itself is not supplied by RotorSport and has not been approved to any airworthiness standard NOTE Any moving map system shall be used for reference only and does not replace proper flight...

Page 101: ...or 8 Cut out 57mm 2 for optional inst 24 Warning and Caution Panel 9 Trim brake pressure gauge 25 Manifold pressure gauge if inst 10 Master starter switch 26 Air speed indicator 11 MAG switches 27 Attitude Indicator or VSI if installed 12 12V power receptacle if installed 28 Altimeter 13 Pneumatic mode selector 29 Water temp if fitted 14 ATC transponder if installed 30 Not assigned 15 RBT indicato...

Page 102: ...ture sensor which is battery powered Other indicators and sensors have been described in the respective paragraphs For engine related indicators and sensors see the engine manufacturer s manual 7 19 Seats and Seatbelts The seats consist of seating surface as an integral part of the monocoque structure and adjustable backrest upholstered with removable cushions The cushions consist of a foam core c...

Page 103: ...8 Tyre Pressure 8 4 8 9 Lubrication and Greasing 8 5 8 10 Replenishing of Fluids 8 5 8 10 1 Engine oil 8 5 8 10 2 Engine coolant 8 5 8 11 Engine Air Filter 8 5 8 12 Propeller 8 5 8 13 Battery 8 6 8 14 Winter Operation 8 6 8 15 Removal Disassembly Assembly and Installation of the Rotor 8 6 8 15 1 Removal of the Rotor System 8 7 8 15 2 Disassembly of the Rotor System 8 8 8 15 3 Assembly of the Rotor...

Page 104: ...RotorSport logo Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 8 HANDLING MAINTENANCE RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 8 ii INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 105: ...atever occurs first 100 hrs inspection 12 months Annual airworthiness review 1500 hrs 5 yrs Supplemental inspection For engine maintenance and overhaul refer to the engine manufacturer s manual Special inspections have to be performed by an authorized and qualified maintenance centre or the manufacturer after operational incidents which are Suspected hard landing Rotor contact with obstacle Propel...

Page 106: ...or the canopy Openings to the engine service access port and airspeed indicator should be closed after the flight insects birds etc Contamination can be cleaned with clean water possibly with mild cleaning additives To clean the rotor it is best to soak contamination with a cloth or towel wipe with soft or micro fibre cloth and rinse thoroughly with water A clean canopy aids safe flying Clean with...

Page 107: ...ngs as markings Remove dip stick from tank and read level Markings are available per 10 litres Wipe and return dip stick to its holder 8 6 Checking of Engine Oil Level Before attempting to check the engine oil level double check that both magnetos are switched off The oil level is measured with the aircraft in a level attitude and should be between the marks on the dipstick Open oil tank access co...

Page 108: ...green valve caps have been filled with nitrogen The mainwheels use tyre size 400 100 2Ply with inner tube and nose wheel tyre size 400 4 If flying in the winter with a frozen over or snow covered runway it is advisable to remove the wheel spats in order to avoid their damage and snow build up inside them It is the pilot s responsibility to ensure that in the rear part of the spat no snow has built...

Page 109: ...s manual Engine cowling must be removed 8 11 Engine Air Filter The air intake filters need to be replaced or cleaned according to the manufacturer s recommendation Depending on environmental conditions such as dust sand or pollution the recommended rate of maintenance should be increased as required The engine cowling must be removed to undertake this task 8 12 Propeller Clean regularly as contami...

Page 110: ...rvice refill with pure antifreeze As anti freeze ages renew the coolant every two years Read the engine manual for the manufacturer s recommendations During winter operations the necessary operating temperature for oil and cooling agent may not be reached This can be compensated by taping some portion of the coolers Monitor all engine temperatures closely after having the coolers taped and modify ...

Page 111: ...sition of the shim washers 2 Their thicknesses may differ and it is essential that they are reinstalled on the correct side They are marked with dots to identify the correct side 6 Remove the rotor system to one side by letting it rest on your shoulder and take care not to collide with stabilizer or propeller 7 The shim washers and the teeter block in the hub are marked on each side with one or tw...

Page 112: ...to support the rotor at approximately 2 m from the hub 2 Loosen locknuts 6 on the first blade by counter holding the corresponding bolt head to prevent it from turning inside the blade holes 3 Push out all fitting bolts 4 without any force but use no more than a gentle tapping if necessary Tilt the rotor blade up and down to support easy removal of the bolt Note that fitting bolts have different s...

Page 113: ... side of the aircraft 2 Check correct matching of parts The rotor hub and the teeter tower are marked with two dots according to the orientation for installation 3 Lift the rotor blade with a second briefed person standing either side of the aircraft 4 Approach with the rotor system from the side to the gyroplane and make sure not to collide with propeller or stabilizer The person fitting the roto...

Page 114: ...down kit option Furthermore it is recommended to protect the gyroplane against external exposure Especially the rotor blades need to be packed carefully as even the smallest damages may require the replacement of the complete system WARNING The rotor system must be removed and disassembled for road transport When handled incorrectly the rotor system can be damaged irreparably If undetected this ma...

Page 115: ...UK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 3 0 Issue Date 06 04 16 8 11 Pilot maintenance Permitted pilot maintenance is shown in the AMM Note Most fasteners larger than M4 for example wheel spat bolts are retained by Loctite 243 Always apply Loctite 243 to these threads before refitment ...

Page 116: ...RotorSport logo Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 8 HANDLING MAINTENANCE RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 3 0 Issue Date 06 04 16 8 12 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 117: ...S RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 3 0 Issue Date 06 04 16 9 i SUPPLEMENTS SECTION 9 LIST OF SUPPLEMENTS 9 1 IVO prop in flight adjustable variable pitch propeller 9 2 Lights 9 3 GPS Moving Map Systems 9 4 Fire Indication 9 5 Not used 9 6 not used ...

Page 118: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 9 SUPPLEMENTS RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 3 0 Issue Date 06 04 16 9 ii INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 119: ...ounted in the propeller hub drives a spool which twists each torque tube simultaneously The propeller has two internal pitch limit stops mechanically limiting the pitch angle at the pre determined FINE and COARSE limits NB These are different for 912ULS and 914UL engine applications These pre determined limits ensure that the aircraft will still climb at a minimum rate of 250fpm in the full COARSE...

Page 120: ...fast Actuating motor does not work despite rocker switch activation Possible defects e g brushes worn cable break Electronic pitch change inhibit is deactivated after selecting pitch change in opposite direction for at least 1 second Indication can only be reset by switching the master switch temporarily to OFF and then back to ON In order to avoid pilot distraction indication of a possible defect...

Page 121: ... to FINE for start up take off and approach use the following procedure Press rocker in direction FINE forward or top position status indicator FINE flashes engine RPM increases Keep rocker depressed until end position is reached status indicator FINE steady on To adjust the propeller to a COARSER setting use the following procedure Adjust propeller pitch and throttle to match engine RPM and manif...

Page 122: ...on correctly and audibly and visually that the propeller blades have changed pitch Engine start Before starting the engine turn on the master switch and using the rocker switch select the full FINE setting However it is likely to be still fine from the previous inspection Run up and power checks For the engine run up the propeller pitch should be kept full FINE Make sure the brakes are applied Tak...

Page 123: ...er causing it to stop in whatever position the supply stopped Continue safe flight ensuring there is no engine overspeed and land when safe to do so Investigate and rectify Coping with propeller malfunction A propeller may malfunction giving the following scenarios 1 Propeller runs to fully coarse and stops RPM will decrease and MAP will rise Reduce power if needed to stay within MAP limits Probab...

Page 124: ... engine make immediate precautionary landing 5 Loss of blade This will result in severe vibration Switch engine off and land immediately 6 Loss of blade tip This will result in significant vibration Switch engine off and land immediately 7 Loss of complete unit This could result in destruction of the tail or other structural damage Switch engine off and land immediately 8 Loss of LED indicator lam...

Page 125: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 9 1 Variable Pitch Propeller IVO RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 9 1 7 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 126: ......

Page 127: ...ight Nav for navigation position lights Strobe for strobe lights Due to their small silhouette gyroplanes are easily overlooked especially if approached directly from behind such as on approach It is therefore highly recommended that navigation and strobe lights are switched on during flight 9 2 5 Performance No change to standard aircraft 9 2 6 Weight and Balance No change to standard aircraft 9 ...

Page 128: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 9 2 Lights RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 9 2 2 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 129: ... the point of compiling this manual only the Ipad mounted on the left panel and powered from the aircraft electrical system is permitted to be fitted for flight NOTE Any moving map system is to be used for reference only and does not replace proper flight planning and constant oversight and awareness 9 3 2 through 9 3 6 No change to standard aircraft 9 3 7 System Description Refer to the manufactu...

Page 130: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 9 3 GPS Moving Map Systems RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 9 3 2 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 131: ...bedded wires close contact Engine fire cable short circuit low resistance will be indicated by a flashing blinking Fire indicator light in the Warning and Caution Panel During normal operation circuit closed normal resistance the Fire indicator light will be off A malfunction of the system circuit open is indicated by a constantly lit Fire indication At power on the system will perform a lamp test...

Page 132: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 9 4 Engine Fire Indication RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 9 4 2 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 133: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 9 6 ELT RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 9 6 1 9 5 Not used 9 6 Not used ...

Page 134: ......

Page 135: ...rols 10 2 Strobe Lights On For Your Own and Other s Safety 10 2 Propellers and Rotors Can Be Extremely Dangerous 10 2 Power Lines and Cables Are Deadly 10 2 Loss of Visibility Can Be Fatal 10 2 Overconfidence Prevails in Accidents 10 3 Flying Low over Water is Very Hazardous 10 3 Conversion Pilots Constitute High Risk When Flying Gyroplanes 10 3 Beware of Demonstration or Initial Training Flights ...

Page 136: ...Flight Manual Cavalon SECTION 10 SAFETY TIPS RSUK0287_POH_Cavalon Revision 2 Issue Date 24 06 2015 10 ii INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 137: ...aintain aerodynamic alignment and to compensate for power induced yaw couplings by anticipation as a conditioned reflex A note to training facilities and flight instructors Due to their reduced directional stability gyroplanes require active control to enter stabilize and neutralize side slip Most students perceive natural discomfort in side slip Depending on the situation students may erroneously...

Page 138: ...ruck by the propeller in case of a brake failure or an operating error Be sure ground personnel or onlookers don t walk into the propeller or main rotor Mind the spinning rotor and propeller when taxiing close to obstructions or persons It is advisable to maintain at least one rotor diameter distance from obstructions or persons when taxiing with spinning rotor A fast turning rotor is almost invis...

Page 139: ...IN A SAFE ALTITUDE AT ALL TIMES Conversion Pilots Constitute High Risk When Flying Gyroplanes There have been a number of fatal accidents involving experienced pilots who have many hours in aeroplanes or helicopters but with only limited experience flying gyroplanes The ingrained reactions and habits of an experienced aeroplane pilot can be deadly when flying a gyroplane The aeroplane pilot may fl...

Page 140: ...ing properly prepared or trained If a student begins to lose control of the aircraft an experienced flight instructor can easily regain control provided the student does not make any large or abrupt control movements If however the student becomes momentarily confused and makes a sudden large control input in the wrong direction even the most experienced instructor may not be able to recover contr...

Page 141: ...APPENDIX Appendix APPENDIX LIST OF APPENDICES Operator Registration Form Incident Reporting Form ...

Page 142: ...APPENDIX Appendix INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...

Page 143: ... then they will not be automatically updated which may lead to unsafe flight or an un airworthy aircraft Return this form to RotorSport UK Ltd Poplar Farm Prolley Moor Wentnor Bishops Castle Shropshire SY9 5EJ Or email info rotorsport org or fax 01588 650769 Aircraft type Aircraft serial No Aircraft Registration No Aircraft Engine No Logbook Aircraft hours Logbook Engine hours Old owners name and ...

Page 144: ......

Page 145: ...APPENDIX 2 Customer Feedback Form Appendix ...

Page 146: ......

Page 147: ...d supplied back to the customer s The information given is stored on a computer and is only used within RotorSport UK for the above purpose Return this form to RotorSport UK Ltd Poplar Farm Prolley Moor Wentnor Bishops Castle Shropshire SY9 5EJ Or email info rotorsport org or fax 01588 650769 Aircraft type Aircraft serial No Aircraft Registration No Aircraft Engine No Logbook Aircraft hours Logboo...

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