AR 10008569 Operating And Service Manual Download Page 35

 

Models PH – Power Heads 

3.

 

At a frequency of 7 GHz a calibration factor will be applied to our measurement.  The worst case 
uncertainty of this calibration factor at 7 GHz is 3.1%; (See Table 3-1). 

4.

 

The next item to calculate is mismatch uncertainty.  This uncertainty is calculated from the SWR’s of 
both head and source.  Once the SWR’s are known, we must calculate the reflection coefficient 
(amplitude only) for both the head and source.  To find reflection coefficient (p), use the formula: 

p=SWR–1/SWR+1

.  After the reflection coefficient is found, mismatch uncertainty is found by using the 

formula. 

[(1 

±

 p head x p source)

2

 – 1] x 100. 

Example:  Source SWR = 1.50, Head SWR = 1.40 

[(1

±

 0.2 x 0.167)

2

 – 1] x 100 = +6.79%, -6.57% 

Average Uncertainty will be 6.68% (worst case) 

5.

 

The noise specification on the Model PH2005 is 30 pW, RMS, therefore, for a signal level of –55 dBm 
(3.16 nW), the additional uncertainty due to noise will be 0.95%.  This is calculated by using the formula, 
(signal level/noise specification) x 100. 

6.

 

In this step, we will discuss the linearity of the PH2005.  As shown in Table 2-1 (Notes), this uncertainty 
will be 1% for levels below 10 dBm. 

7.

 

In our example, we mentioned that the temperature of our room has drifted 5

°

C from the time that we 

established our 50 MHz, 0 dBm reference.  Since all power heads are temperature sensitive, we must add 
the heads drift, due to temperature, into our total uncertainty.  If the drift in the PH2005 is 0.01 dB per 

°

C, 

the additional uncertainty in our measurement will be 

±

0.05 dB or 1.16%.  Please note that performing the 

auto calibration at the new temperature will cancel out this additional uncertainty. 

8.

 

Now that all of the uncertainties have been established, we can combine them to determine the total 
measurement uncertainty.  To find the RSS uncertainty proceed as follows: 

Source of Error 

Value (%) 

Value

2

(%) 

Instrumentation 

0.46 

0.2116 

Power Reference 

1.20 

1.4400 

Calibration Factor 

3.10 

9.6100 

Mismatch 

6.68 

44.6200 

Noise 

0.95 

0.9025 

Linearity (Shaping) 

1.00 

1.0000 

Temperature 

1.16 

1.3456 

Sum of Squares 

 

59.1297 

Total RSS Uncertainty 

 

7.69% 

 

To find the maximum worst case uncertainty, we would add each of the individual uncertainties (%) as 
follows: 

0.46 + 1.20 + 3.10 + 6.68 + 0.95+ 1.00 + 1.16 = 14.55% 

p source =  1.50 - 1

1.50 +1

= 0.2

p head = 

1.40 - 1

1.40 + 1

= 0.167

Rev C 

21 

Summary of Contents for 10008569

Page 1: ...Operating and Service Manual PH2005 SERIES POWER HEAD Model 10008569 Part Number Serial Number 160 School House Road Souderton PA 18964 215 723 8181 Fax 866 859 0582 www arworld us...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...d 2012 05 11 Ed 3 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory Use Part 1 General Requirements CAN CSA C22 2 61010 1 Issued 2012 05 11 Ed 3 Safety Requirements f...

Page 4: ......

Page 5: ...clearance on all vented sides of the equipment to permit the airflow required for proper ventilation Do not restrict airflow into the equipment by blocking any vents or air intakes Restricting airflow...

Page 6: ...a assembly may be heavy requiring two persons to lift Use caution when installing or removing unit Follow all equipment setup and lifting instructions specified in this document Ensure connectors are...

Page 7: ...von 10 2 cm 4 in auf allen bel fteten Seiten des Ger ts ein um eine ausreichende Luftzirkulation zu gew hrleisten Beintr chtigen Sie den Luftstrom des Ger ts nicht indem Sie L ftungs ffnungen oder de...

Page 8: ...allen in diesem Dokument angegebenen Anweisungen zur Anbringung Stellen Sie sicher dass alle Anschl sse f r den beabsichtigten Betrieb geeignet sind Informationen zu den Anschl ssen erhalten Sie im Be...

Page 9: ...tilation Ne limitez pas le flux d air allant dans l quipement en bloquant tout vent ou entr e d air La restriction du flux d air peut endommager l quipement causer des coupures intermittentes ou des d...

Page 10: ...dent lorsque vous installez ou retirez l unit Respectez toutes les instructions concernant l installation et le levage de l quipement indiqu es dans ce document Assurez vous que les connecteurs sont a...

Page 11: ...is voor goede ventilatie mogelijk te maken Belemmer de luchtstroom in het apparaat niet door ventilatieopeningen of luchtinlaten te blokkeren Het belemmeren van de luchtstroom kan leiden tot schade a...

Page 12: ...nstellen en optillen van de apparatuur die in dit document worden vermeld Zorg ervoor dat de connectoren geschikt zijn voor de beoogde werking De connectoren worden gespecificeerd in de gebruikershand...

Page 13: ...6 1 Theory 19 6 2 Example 20 6 3 WorkSheet 22 FIGURES 1 1 Error Due to AM Modulation Diode Head 2 1 2 Linearity Traceability 2 1 3 Calibration Factor Traceability 3 4 1 PH2009 Low Frequency Response 1...

Page 14: ...Models PH Power Heads ii...

Page 15: ...ll as harmonic suppression when compared to a single diode head The only significant drawback to Diode Heads is that above the level of approximately 10 W 20 dBm the diodes begin to deviate substantia...

Page 16: ...e non linearity on all ranges Linearity calibration can be used to extend the operating range of a diode head It can also be used to correct non linearity throughout a head s dynamic range either ther...

Page 17: ...ndards Technology NIST to be meaningful This is accomplished by sending a standard power head Thermocouple type to NIST or a certified calibration house and comparing this standard head against each p...

Page 18: ...Models PH Power Heads 4 Rev C...

Page 19: ...ed Model Frequency Range Dynamic Range Overload Rating Max SWR Drift and Noise Lowest Range Compatibility Impedance RF Connector Model PH2000 Series Peak Power CW Power Frequency SWR Drift typical 1 H...

Page 20: ...007A Heads after performing AutoCal 20 to 30dBm 1 increasing linearly to 6 for PH2007A Heads after performing AutoCal 10dBm 1 for PH2030 PH2009 PH2010 and PH2005 Heads 10 to 17dBm 3 for PH2009 PH2010...

Page 21: ...oltage that can be processed by the power meter The head must also present to the incident power an impedance which is closely matched to the transmission system Finally the head must introduce the sm...

Page 22: ...Models PH Power Heads 8 Rev C...

Page 23: ...1 1 7 0 9 1 7 1 0 1 8 1 0 0 3 1 6 0 9 2 0 1 1 0 5 1 6 0 9 2 0 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 8 1 0 1 7 0 9 2 3 1 4 1 7 1 0 2 2 1 3 1 5 2 4 1 5 2 4 1 4 2 2 1 1 2 1 9 1 1 2 4 1 4 1 9 1 1 2 5 1 5 3 2 4 1 4 2 0 1 1 2 0...

Page 24: ...3 2 2 1 3 2 0 1 1 2 6 1 8 9 2 9 1 8 2 8 1 7 2 8 1 7 3 7 3 1 5 4 4 9 10 3 3 2 1 3 4 2 3 3 2 2 1 3 9 3 4 11 3 2 2 2 4 2 2 9 3 3 2 3 3 9 3 7 5 4 5 1 12 4 2 3 0 3 4 2 2 3 2 2 0 4 1 3 8 13 3 6 2 4 3 7 2 6...

Page 25: ...6 1 6 1 1 5 2 4 1 4 2 3 1 3 1 7 1 1 6 2 2 1 3 2 3 1 3 1 7 1 1 7 2 4 1 6 2 3 1 4 1 7 1 1 8 2 6 1 7 2 6 1 6 1 8 1 1 9 3 8 2 6 3 3 2 1 1 9 1 2 10 3 9 2 6 3 5 2 3 1 9 1 2 11 3 8 2 5 3 8 2 6 2 0 1 4 12 4 5...

Page 26: ...S Max RSS 0 03 2 5 1 4 2 6 1 5 1 1 7 1 0 2 3 1 4 2 1 9 1 0 2 4 1 4 3 1 9 1 0 3 0 2 1 4 2 3 1 3 3 1 2 1 5 2 3 1 3 6 2 3 1 3 7 2 3 1 5 8 2 6 1 6 9 3 2 2 0 10 3 5 2 3 11 3 8 2 5 12 3 4 2 2 13 3 2 2 1 14...

Page 27: ...ailed SWR data is supplied with each head unit shipped against a customer order to give the user specific information required to properly evaluate errors in a particular application Please consult th...

Page 28: ...Power Heads Figure 4 4 PH2009 SWR Data Figure 4 5 PH2010 SWR Data Figure 4 6 PH2005 SWR Data Figure 4 7 PH2011 SWR Data Figure 4 8 PH2030 SWR Data Figure 4 9 PH2031 SWR Data Figure 4 10 PH2032 SWR Dat...

Page 29: ...pulse is known The duty cycle can be found by dividing the pulse width T by the period of the repetition frequency or by multiplying the pulse width times the repetition frequency as shown in Figure 5...

Page 30: ...rt the duty cycle is this overload limitation applies Lastly the average power cannot be exceeded there is some headroom between the measurement limitation and the burnout level of the head Since the...

Page 31: ...ment is limited by noise getting worse as the duty cycle decreases At the top end the limitation is on pulse power because even a very short pulse will charge up the detecting capacitors The burnout l...

Page 32: ...Models PH Power Heads 18 Rev C...

Page 33: ...her power head nor source under test are perfect matches Mismatch uncertainty can be calculated from the SWR of the head and the source under test as shown in Figure 6 1 For most conditions the calibr...

Page 34: ...WR of the source will be 1 50 Finally we will assume a 5 C temperature change from time of calibration calibration performed with the 50 MHz 0 dBm power reference on the PM2002 1 We must establish the...

Page 35: ...PH2005 As shown in Table 2 1 Notes this uncertainty will be 1 for levels below 10 dBm 7 In our example we mentioned that the temperature of our room has drifted 5 C from the time that we established o...

Page 36: ...ower and frequency dependent Temperature See Note 5 Pulse Accuracy Only add if measuring pulsed RF signals TOTAL Sum or Squares Total RSS Uncertainty NOTES 1 Worst case instrumentation accuracy for th...

Page 37: ...cover If the security label is removed and or cut the warranty of the module will be voided Vacuum tubes in the L series amplifiers traveling wave tubes in TWT amplifiers and power heads will be free...

Page 38: ......

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