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Attachment

Information on computed tomography

61211-8140502

METROTOM 1500 G3 1.4

Blurring

Geometric blurring

Geometric blurring G

can be determined using the following formula:

= f (M-1),

with: f = focal spot diameter, M = geometric magnification.

Influence on blurring

Geometric blurring is determined by the focal spot size and the distance
between X-ray source and workpiece.

Influence of the focal spot size on blurring

1 Slight blurring in the case of a small focal spot

2 Considerable blurring in the case of a large focal spot

Influence of the distance between the X-ray source and the workpiece on blurring

Содержание METROTOM 1500 G3

Страница 1: ...METROTOM 1500 G3 CT scanner 225 kV 500 W MF Operating Instructions Translation of the original operating instructions...

Страница 2: ...nted permission in writing Violations shall result in claims for damages ZEISS All rights reserved This manual is subject to change and the ZEISS product described as well as the components therein ar...

Страница 3: ...package 1 2 CE marking 1 2 Standards and regulations 1 3 Warranty 1 5 Chapter 2 Safety Intended use 2 2 Safe operation of the CT system 2 3 Information about this chapter 2 3 General conditions 2 3 I...

Страница 4: ...sitioning system 3 7 Automatic filter changer option 3 9 Control unit 3 11 Controller cabinet 3 11 Control elements 3 12 Chapter 4 Technical data CT scanner 4 2 General data 4 2 Characteristic values...

Страница 5: ...uld know 6 4 Notes 6 4 Operating modes 6 4 Start up sequence 6 5 Starting up the CT system 6 6 Starting the CT system 6 6 Door control 6 9 Preparing the CT system on the user computer 6 12 Start up ch...

Страница 6: ...operations 8 4 Special measures 8 5 Measures to be taken after an EMERGENCY STOP 8 5 Service features 8 6 Support 8 6 Teleservice 8 6 Chapter 9 Maintenance and care Maintenance 9 2 Maintenance 9 2 Ma...

Страница 7: ...500 G3 1 4 5 Packaging 10 3 CT scanner 10 3 Glossary Alphabetic index Attachment Information on computed tomography Attachment 2 Image generation Attachment 2 Focus focal spot Attachment 4 Blurring At...

Страница 8: ...6Table of contents 6 61211 8140502 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4...

Страница 9: ...0 G3 CT scanner is described in these operating in structions The operating instructions contain important information re garding safe and proper use of the CT scanner These operating instructions add...

Страница 10: ...wn next to the symbol The safety instructions used are de scribed below Structure of safety instructions The safety information or warning can include Warning symbol and designation of the safety inst...

Страница 11: ...njury Example Risk of severe crushing of the body caused by heavy loads CAUTION Caution indicates a personal health hazard Non observance of this warning and occurrence of the described haz ard may re...

Страница 12: ...Main switch Any reference to operator s controls in the text is highlighted typographically Tolerance field Designation of subdomains in software win dows Cancel Marking of buttons RETURN Keys of the...

Страница 13: ...1 61211 8140502 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4 1 1 Introduction This chapter contains General specifications 1 2 Warranty 1 5 Introduction...

Страница 14: ...No 1A We hereby declare that due to its design and construction the version of the machine named below which we placed on the market complies with the requirements set out in EC Directive 2006 42 EC a...

Страница 15: ...Standards DIN VDE 0100 Erection of power installations with rated voltages up to 1000 V EN IEC 61010 part 1 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement con trol and laboratory use GB...

Страница 16: ...ting control and laboratory instruments Particular requirements for cabinet X ray sys tems DIN 54113 1 Non destructive testing Radiation protection rules for the technical application of X ray equipme...

Страница 17: ...rranty The manufacturer cannot be held liable for actions contrary to the instructions given in this manual for any alteration made to the CT scanner version delivered by us if maintenance work is not...

Страница 18: ...Warranty 1 6 61211 8140502 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4...

Страница 19: ...2 61211 8140502 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4 2 1 Safety This chapter contains Intended use 2 2 Safe operation of the CT system 2 3 Safety of the CT system 2 14 Safety...

Страница 20: ...perfect condition This re quires that the CT scanner is properly serviced and maintained Any al terations to the CT scanner which affect safety must be eliminated im mediately The CT scanner may only...

Страница 21: ...on connection to the power supply inspection and start up must be carried out according to the stipulated conditions If any structural changes are made during the warranty period e g the CT system is...

Страница 22: ...hours exposure duration Natural exposure to radiation 2 5 mSv a Germany Civilizatory exposure to radiation 2 5 mSv a Germany Requirements for the operator Requirements for the operation of a CT syste...

Страница 23: ...cialists after a maximum period of five years recurring tests Usually the responsible regulatory authority in the individual states in cludes the Trade Supervisory Authority the Occupational Health an...

Страница 24: ...be available within easy reach of the CT system The user must know and follow the safety instructions Maintenance work and work on electrical equipment must be carried out only by competent specialist...

Страница 25: ...on or a plug connec tion according to EN 60309 Two protective ground connections which are in perfect condition are required The second ground conductor is important for the high leakage cur rent Obse...

Страница 26: ...tection enclosure Danger due to X rays Danger to life due to X ray radiation while remain ing in the radiation protection enclosure with the loading door closed The following safety equipment is insta...

Страница 27: ...hen the X ray radiation is switched on Electric voltage WARNING Danger to life due to electric shock resulting from contact with electrical lines and components Cardiac arrest burns and death Any work...

Страница 28: ...y electrocution Never open any covers Smoke smells and noises WARNING Risk of death due to possible damage to the CT system caused by smoke unusual smells and unusual noises It is extremely dangerous...

Страница 29: ...seeable events caused by fires in the proximity of the CT system Safe operation is not guaranteed in case of fire outbreaks Immediately switch the CT system completely off WARNING Risk of death due to...

Страница 30: ...ere are large temperature differences between workpiece and X ray chamber Never check workpieces which do not have the temperature of the inte rior of the radiation protection enclosure Measure the te...

Страница 31: ...40502 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4 2 13 Notes High leakage current NOTE Due to a leakage current exceeding 10 mA the CT system must be equipped with a second ground wire The sticker is located on the bot tom...

Страница 32: ...be carried out only by an electrical en gineer Warning signs on CT system Warning signs are attached to the loading door of the radiation protec tion enclosure and the control panel CAUTION Do Not In...

Страница 33: ...ecessary activation of the EMERGENCY STOP button all warranty claims are void NOTE Once an EMERGENCY STOP button has been pressed the button is locked It can be unlocked by turning it slightly Drives...

Страница 34: ...thers only under certain conditions e g standstill If a safety condition is not fulfilled the door drive will be switched off immediately Initializing door travel Once the CT scanner has been switched...

Страница 35: ...3 61211 8140502 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4 3 1 Description This chapter contains CT system setup 3 2 Components and function 3 5 Control unit 3 11 Description...

Страница 36: ...m 3 Loading door 4 Indicator panel for X ray radiation orange warning lamps 5 Control elements 6 Main switch 7 Camera view of the X ray chamber 8 Controller cabinet 9 Cooling unit for X ray tube NOTE...

Страница 37: ...protection enclosure has a double leaf loading door on the front for setting up workpieces The loading door is electronically con trolled and can be opened and closed by means of two buttons Loading...

Страница 38: ...ew is shown on a screen next to the control elements 1 Camera in X ray chamber 2 Screen for camera view Indicator panel for X ray radiation An indicator panel with integrated warning lamps is located...

Страница 39: ...METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4 3 5 Components and function X ray tube X ray tube 1 Electron source 2 Tube head 3 Collimator plate 4 High voltage cable Collimator plate 1 Tapped holes for fastening a filter hold...

Страница 40: ...cal beam via the diaphragm towards the X ray detector NOTE Due to increased losses during the conversion of the kinetic electron en ergy into radiation intensity the tube head is heated up and must th...

Страница 41: ...or gain and the integration time Positioning system The positioning system consists of several components X guide beam Y slide Z support and a rotary table There are four travel directions X Y Z and R...

Страница 42: ...0 G3 1 4 Rotary table 1 Rotary table axis 2 Mounting plate for workpiece pallet 3 Housing of the rotary table NOTE The magnification of the workpiece to be imaged is determined by the position of the...

Страница 43: ...0 20 mm See figure below The filters are selected in the user software Each filter is assigned a unique position Once you have selected a filter the filter changer ro tates to the assigned position Us...

Страница 44: ...n 3 10 61211 8140502 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4 Filter changer copper filter in front of the radiation exit window 1 Copper filter thickness 0 75 mm See also Inserting user specific filters into the filter...

Страница 45: ...ERGENCY STOP button NOTE A warning symbol for electric voltage is located on the controller cabi net The controller cabinet may be opened by a skilled electrician only NOTE ZEISS USB sticks backup or...

Страница 46: ...ey switch for X ray radiation 2 Rotary switch with indicator lamp for the controller 3 EMERGENCY STOP button push and turn switch 4 Warning label for X ray radiation 5 Key switch for operating mode se...

Страница 47: ...firm this Key switch for operating mode selection The key switch is used to determine the operating mode in which the measure ments are to be carried out Operating modes 6 4 Key switch for X ray tube...

Страница 48: ...oor Closing the loading door Opening the loading door NOTE After having initialized the system or after having unlocked an EMER GENCY STOP button the system must be reset For this press both but tons...

Страница 49: ...4 61211 8140502 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4 4 1 Technical data This chapter contains CT scanner 4 2 X ray system 4 6 Technical data...

Страница 50: ...closure On both sides at least 850 mm for access to the controller cabinet on the left 50 mm on the right Top 60 mm Positioning system Travel directions X Y Z Travel range X mm 1150 Travel range Y mm...

Страница 51: ...ibed cylinder for workpiece B1 A H2 DXY 2 B2 Note Diameter and height speci fications refer to the minimum circumscribed cylinder described by a workpiece when rotated 360 Optimized for diameter B1 No...

Страница 52: ...ry III Pollution degree 2 Protection class I Electrical data Line voltage 400 230 VAC 10 Current type 3 N PE Frequency 50 to 60 Hz 3 5 Power consumption max 6 2 kVA Typical energy consumption 1 5 2 5...

Страница 53: ...8 hours Temperature fluctuations must not exceed certain values Limit val ues 2 K day and 1 K hour Example of a reference temperature for measurement of 20 C Temperature fluctuation Difference Status...

Страница 54: ...1500 G3 1 4 X ray system X ray detector Distance tube detector mm 1450 Resolution 3072 3072 pixels Pixel size m 139 139 X ray tube Voltage kV 30 225 Current A 10 3000 Target power max W 500 Target ma...

Страница 55: ...5 61211 8140502 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4 5 1 Transport and installation This chapter contains Notes 5 2 Transport 5 3 Installation 5 4 Transport and installation...

Страница 56: ...ou received the brochure Installation Instructions prior to the deliv ery of the CT scanner This document informs you about all measures to be taken for transport and installation In the following we...

Страница 57: ...ent NOTE The packaging may not be damaged The packaging may only be re moved at the installation site by a ZEISS service engineer Ambient temperature 5 C to 40 C The CT scanner and its components must...

Страница 58: ...n of the CT system Is the installation site free from coarse dirt particles such as casting sand and metal chips Are there problems with the power supply For more information please refer to the Insta...

Страница 59: ...02 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4 6 1 Start up This chapter contains Preparation 6 2 What you should know 6 4 Starting up the CT system 6 6 Preparing the CT system on the user computer 6 12 Start up checklist 6...

Страница 60: ...w connecting the power supply to the CT system This must be done be fore installing the CT scanner Please observe the electrical specifications NOTE For more information on the electrical power supply...

Страница 61: ...ly be operated if all CT scanner housing covers are mounted and all doors are closed Mount all housing covers before taking further measures Cable for power supply The cable must be in perfect conditi...

Страница 62: ...ause the cathode is still cold This has no negative influence on the image quality and measuring result but does impair the service life of the filament Carry out a filament alignment approximately 30...

Страница 63: ...e used if the CT system is not used for a short period of time for example during the week end Advantage The CT scanner can be powered up faster This particularly applies to the X ray tube Info In sta...

Страница 64: ...r period of time you must proceed as follows 1 Connect the power supply Turn the main switch clockwise to the 1 position 2 Switch the components on Turn the rotary switch to the ON position All compon...

Страница 65: ...t the drives have been switched on 5 Performing the initialization run of the loading door The CLOSE door button flashes quickly Keep the OPEN door button pressed until the loading door is completely...

Страница 66: ...Starting up the CT system 6 8 61211 8140502 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4 7 Switch the X ray tube on Turn the key switch to ON NOTE Afterwards you must continue the preparations on the user computer...

Страница 67: ...E door button and keep it pressed until the loading door is completely closed The loading door is closed 3 Press the OPEN door button and keep it pressed until the loading door is completely open The...

Страница 68: ...n has been reached the travel movement is completed and the indicator lamp goes out NOTE If EMERGENCY STOP is activated during a travel movement the drives are switched off To move the loading door ag...

Страница 69: ...filled The drives are immediately switched off The indicator lamp in the switch for the drives is off The travel movement of the loading door can no longer be per formed It is still possible however t...

Страница 70: ...e CT system on the user computer Once the control has been switched on and the loading door has been initialized you need to initialize the X ray components See the METRO TOM OS operating instructions...

Страница 71: ...oftware For the following operations please refer to the METROTOM OS Operat ing Instructions User software started All X ray components initialized Qualification and calibration For the following oper...

Страница 72: ...Start up checklist 6 14 61211 8140502 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4...

Страница 73: ...1211 8140502 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4 7 1 Measuring operation This chapter contains What you should know 7 2 Setting up the workpiece and measurement 7 3 Closing measuring operations 7 15 Measuring operat...

Страница 74: ...tube has been radiating for more than 10 hours and you want to switch on the X ray tube in the Control Panel window the Filament alignment expired warning is displayed in the Event Viewer window In th...

Страница 75: ...e the loading door 6 Select voltage and current See Selecting voltage and current 7 13 Approaching the loading position The Control Panel for the positioning system in the user software has a button f...

Страница 76: ...on No magnetic materials may be used for clamping Magnets have an effect on the electron optics in the X ray tube The magnets in the workpiece pallet are shielded and do not exert an effect Holding bl...

Страница 77: ...ng the alignment of the workpiece the maximum distance to be penetrated by radiation can be reduced Cumulative wall thickness The workpiece should principally be aligned to ensure that the maximum dis...

Страница 78: ...the workpiece in the center of the rotary table It is thus guaranteed that the workpiece is in the center of the cone beam The central arrangement is required to ensure that the work piece is complete...

Страница 79: ...g characteristics bright solid brittle and not shapeable NOTE Polystyrene is compressed under the weight of the workpiece This property has a negative influence on the accuracy of the measurement Ther...

Страница 80: ...ideal case the outer workpiece surfaces to be measured should not rest against the holding block The adjacent polystyrene can falsify the measured value e g if compressed polystyrene appears to indic...

Страница 81: ...asuring accuracy How ever filters reduce the radiation intensity and the filter thickness must therefore be adapted to the workpiece NOTE Filters also provide a protective function to the detector Dur...

Страница 82: ...consists of aluminum and copper filters A fil ter changer with aluminum copper and tin filters is optionally available Attenuation of X rays X rays are attenuated by the following parameters Density...

Страница 83: ...r also absorbs a larger portion of the radiation This can be offset by selecting longer integration times and sufficiently high image averaging Therefore long measuring times are required due to the u...

Страница 84: ...0 mm 3 Direction of insertion of the filter CAUTION Risk of injury when inserting filters due to possible sharp edges on filters used Risk of abrasion to fingers Please wear gloves when inserting a fi...

Страница 85: ...linear relationship to the projected thickness This leads to artifacts in the reconstruction Since the spectrum always becomes harder following the penetration of objects this effect also is called b...

Страница 86: ...me and the qual ity level selected Was a suitable voltage set Was the current optimized via the Magic Wand function as the last parameter Summary General procedure Preliminary measures Have you set up...

Страница 87: ...er cabinet Make sure to ob serve the order Closing the user software 1 Terminate or cancel the current measurement 2 Switch off the X ray tube using the button in the Control Panel Shutting the CT sys...

Страница 88: ...is off the storage process of the controller takes about 1 2 seconds 5 Turn off the main switch Turn the main switch counterclockwise to the 0 position NOTE In order to increase the service life of th...

Страница 89: ...TROTOM 1500 G3 1 4 8 1 Errors and faults This chapter contains Errors occurring prior to measuring operations 8 2 Malfunctions during measuring operations 8 4 Special measures 8 5 Service features 8 6...

Страница 90: ...lamp in the rotary switch must be lit Drives The drives are off Switch the drives on Press the two buttons of the loading door simulta neously Afterwards press the but ton for the drives The indicato...

Страница 91: ...nominal high volt age value is not reached See Messages in the Event Viewer in METROTOM OS 1 If the above mentioned errors can be ruled out put the CT system out of operation and repeat the start up p...

Страница 92: ...The indicator lamp of the switch lights up The EMERGENCY STOP button is locked Unlock the EMERGENCY STOP button Turn the button slightly The button pops out a few millime ters Collision for example wo...

Страница 93: ...as been activated you must proceed as follows 1 Unlock the EMERGENCY STOP button Unlock the button by turning it slightly The button then automatically pops up and unlocks Once the button has been unl...

Страница 94: ...y You may also inform us by e mail Contact details Telefon 49 7364 206337 Monday to Friday from 8 00 to 17 00 E Mail ct metrology de zeiss com Teleservice ZEISS offers fast and economical help in the...

Страница 95: ...9 61211 8140502 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4 9 1 Maintenance and care This chapter contains Maintenance 9 2 Care 9 6 Inspection measures 9 8 Maintenance and care...

Страница 96: ...ntenance agreement to guarantee reli able operation ZEISS offers maintenance agreements relieving you of any need to worry about maintenance If you wish to subsequently conclude a maintenance agreemen...

Страница 97: ...easuring results Replacement of gaskets Reduced vacuum Quick soiling of the tube interior Increased arcing at higher voltages Er ror during warm up Frequent arcing may cause irreparable damage to the...

Страница 98: ...operation again if the following prerequisites are fulfilled All work has been entirely completed The CT system is ready for operation The maintenance personnel has left the working area Wearing parts...

Страница 99: ...rator and the X ray tube Due to the high voltage of 225 kV it is necessary to lubricate the cable when mounting it to the genera tor and X ray tube and to mount it with a pretension of 6 mm This proce...

Страница 100: ...e regular cleaning and checking of certain components For cleaning you need Mild cleaning agent Use grease dissolving and non corroding cleaning agents Lint free cloth for example made of linen Vacuum...

Страница 101: ...es before placing them on the rotary table Overview The components requiring care are listed below The time intervals only apply if all installation site requirements are met Care measures Object Inte...

Страница 102: ...falls below the minimum mark sufficient cooling is no longer guaranteed and there is a risk of air entering the unit The cooling pump gets loud and may be destroyed 1 2 Cooling water pump for the X ra...

Страница 103: ...the key switch to the OFF position 2 Unscrew the lid The cooling fins must be entirely covered by coolant NOTICE Oth erwise the pump may be destroyed 3 Refill coolant if the cooling fins are not entir...

Страница 104: ...Inspection measures 9 10 61211 8140502 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4...

Страница 105: ...10 61211 8140502 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4 10 1 Shutdown and disposal This chapter contains Shutdown 10 2 Disposal 10 3 Shutdown and disposal...

Страница 106: ...system for a longer period of time the CT system must be disconnected from the power supply We recom mend storing the CT system in a dust protected place 1 Close all doors of the CT system 2 Disconnec...

Страница 107: ...e disposed of with general household waste Validity for 28 EU mem ber states Components labeled with this symbol must be disposed of correctly ac cording to the WEEE directive 2012 19 EU or the respec...

Страница 108: ...tions The CT scanner and peripherals can be returned to us for disposal Of course it is also possible to set up other regulations for disposal accord ing to the German Electrical and Electronic Equipm...

Страница 109: ...radiation GTC Abbreviation for General Terms and Conditions MSL Abbreviation for standard elevation zero elevation of average sea level RoHS Abbreviation for Restriction of the use of certain Hazardo...

Страница 110: ...2Glossary 2 61211 8140502 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4...

Страница 111: ...ions CT scanner 4 4 Error Malfunctions during measuring operations 8 4 Prior to the measuring run 8 2 Exposure to radiation Comparative values 2 4 F Filament Service life 6 4 Filament alignment 6 4 7...

Страница 112: ...Safety instructions Basic 2 9 Precautions 2 12 Shutdown 10 2 Specialist Definition 2 6 Standards 1 3 Start up Sequence 6 5 Support Contact data 8 6 T Teleservice 8 6 V Voxel 2 Voxel model 2 W Warm up...

Страница 113: ...Attachment 1 Attachment This chapter contains Information on computed tomography Attachment 2 Attachment 61211 8140502 METROTOM 1500 G3 1 4 1...

Страница 114: ...ng the volume Data volume In computed tomography 3D volume data are generated from the ac quired projections voxel model The data volume of the reconstruction corresponds to the product of voxel numbe...

Страница 115: ...ification Generally a reconstruction can be performed using any voxel size Mostly the appropriate voxel size is the natural voxel size i e the pixel size of the detector reduced according to the curre...

Страница 116: ...ocus represents the smallest diameter of the electron beam bun dled in the X ray tube When the electron beam is focused the focus lies on the target surface NOTE The two designations focus and focal s...

Страница 117: ...ot size is relative to the blurring of the X ray image the smaller the focal spot the clearer the image Target material The physical loading capacity of the target material influences the focal spot s...

Страница 118: ...ot diameter M geometric magnification Influence on blurring Geometric blurring is determined by the focal spot size and the distance between X ray source and workpiece Influence of the focal spot size...

Страница 119: ...bsorption 100 of the X ray beams hit the detector 2 Absorption 50 of the X ray beams are absorbed by the workpiece the re maining 50 hit the detector 3 Absorption and scatter X ray radiation with work...

Страница 120: ......

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