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5  Operation

Evaluation according to the DGS method

5-124

Rev. 10 (06/2021)

USM Go

●

DGS CURVE

 (recording curve for DGS evaluation)

 

You can use this to select the circular disk-shaped re-
flector diameter to be used for displaying the DGS 
curve and as a recording threshold for echo evalua-
tions.

●

PROBE #

 (probe number)

 

The probe numbers refer to fixed-programmed 
probes with all settings (name, probe delay, element 
diameter, and frequency cannot be changed, see 
page 5-130). The probe number 

0

 is user program-

mable with regard to all parameters.

●

PROBE NAME

 (Probe name)

 

The probe name belongs to the selected probe num-
ber and can only be changed for the probe number 0 
on the second operating level if necessary (function 
group 

DGS

, function 

PROBE NAME

).

●

XTAL FREQUENCY

 (probe frequency)

 

Frequency of the element or crystal; preset for pro-
grammed probes.

●

EFF. DIAMETER 

 

Effective element or crystal diameter of the probe 
used; preset for programmed probes.

●

DELAY VELOCITY

 

 

Sound velocity in the probe delay line; preset for pro-
grammed probes.

●

REFERENCE TYPE

 

Type of the reference reflector used (backwall, side-
drilled hole, or circular disk-shaped equivalent reflec-
tor).

●

REF SIZE

 

 

Diameter of the reference reflector.

●

REF ATTEN

 

 

Sound attenuation in the reference block.

●

AMPL CORRECT 

(amplitude correction)

 

This is required if you are using an angle-beam probe 
and the circular-arc echo from the reference stan-
dards K1 or K2 as a reference reflector. 

For the angle-beam probes SWB...-5, the amplitude 
correction value refers to the 3 mm side-drilled hole 
on the reference standard K1 as reference reflector.

●

TEST ATTEN

 

Sound attenuation in the test object.

●

TRANSFER CORR.

 

Transfer losses in the test material.

Содержание Krautkramer USM Go

Страница 1: ...Krautkrämer USM Go USM Go Operating Manual Id No 49 155 Rev 10 06 2021 ...

Страница 2: ...ions USM Go 2 08 March 6 2013 USM Go 2 08 May 28 2013 You will find the software version and the serial number of your instrument on the second operating level CONFIG2 ABOUT Baker Hughes Digital Solutions GmbH Technical content subject to change without notice ...

Страница 3: ... Go Rev 10 06 2021 0 3 First operating level Base To change between the first and the second operating level USM Go Press the joystick for 2 seconds USM Go Press the center key of the keypad for 2 seconds ...

Страница 4: ...Rev 10 06 2021 USM Go First operating level Options To change between the first and the second operating level USM Go Press the joystick for 2 seconds USM Go Press the center key of the keypad for 2 seconds ...

Страница 5: ...USM Go Rev 10 06 2021 0 5 Second operating level ...

Страница 6: ...0 6 Rev 10 06 2021 USM Go Second operating level continued ...

Страница 7: ... is active Angle beam probe 80 curved surface Reflection from the outer surface of tube Pulser receiver separation is turned off Angle beam probe 90 surface wave Pulser receiver separation is turned on DAC mode TCG is active Pulser receiver separation is turned on and set to through transmission mode DGS reference echo has been recorded Reject function is active DGS reference echo has been recorde...

Страница 8: ...ction groups 4 Function key 1 individually assignable 5 Function key 2 individually assignable Icon Meaning Battery charge level remaining operating time in hours approximate value Charger power adapter is connected percentage of battery charge level approximate value Warning Low battery charge level remaining operating time in minutes approximate value 1 3 4 1 2 2 3 4 5 5 USM Go USM Go ...

Страница 9: ...avigation using joystick USM Go or keypad USM Go USM Go USM Go Function Navigation between function groups adjusting values Navigation within a function group adjusting values Changing between operating levels press for 2 seconds ...

Страница 10: ...0 10 Rev 10 06 2021 USM Go ...

Страница 11: ...sses 1 3 1 2 Important information on ultrasonic testing 1 3 Prerequisites for testing with ultrasonic test equipment 1 3 Operator training 1 4 Technical test requirements 1 4 Limits of testing 1 5 Ultrasonic wall thickness measurement 1 5 Effect of the test object material 1 5 Effect of temperature variations 1 6 Measurement of remaining wall thickness 1 6 Ultrasonic evaluation of flaws 1 6 Flaw ...

Страница 12: ... 1 Instrument positioning 3 2 3 2 Power supply 3 2 Operation with charger power adapter 3 2 Operation using batteries 3 4 Charging the batteries 3 8 3 3 Connecting a probe 3 9 3 4 Inserting the SD memory card 3 10 3 5 Starting the USM Go 3 11 Powering On 3 11 Powering Off 3 12 Factory default setting Reset 3 12 4 Principles of operation 4 1 Overview of operator s controls 4 2 4 2 Display screen 4 ...

Страница 13: ...e instrument orientation 4 16 4 6 Default settings of the display 4 16 Selecting the color scheme 4 16 Selecting the A scan color 4 17 Selecting the grid 4 18 Setting the brightness 4 18 4 7 Saving the settings 4 19 Recalling settings 4 21 Displaying dataset name 4 22 5 Operation 5 1 Overview of the functions 5 2 Function groups first operating level 5 3 Function groups second operating level 5 4 ...

Страница 14: ...RT starting point of the gate 5 23 A WIDTH B WIDTH width of the gates 5 23 A THRESHOLD B THRESHOLD response and measurement threshold of the gate 5 24 TOF MODE 5 25 Starting point of gate B 5 27 Automatic gate height 5 28 5 8 Calibrating the USM Go 5 29 Calibrating the display range 5 29 Choice of the measuring point 5 29 Calibration with straight beam and angle beam probes 5 30 Calibration using ...

Страница 15: ...m echo detector 5 58 Configuring the measurement line 5 59 Enlarged display of reading 5 62 LARGE alarm signal 5 64 MAGNIFY GATE spanning the gate 5 65 Activating the magnify gate function 5 66 Automatic A scan freeze Freeze 5 68 5 16 Setting the display 5 70 ASCAN FILL 5 71 Working with Echo Max 5 72 5 17 General setup 5 73 EVAL MODE 5 73 Gate logic 5 74 Selecting the pulser type 5 75 Locking the...

Страница 16: ...ng to JIS 5 102 Recording a DAC curve 5 102 Setting up JISDAC 5 105 Sensitivity correction 5 106 Turning the JISDAC evaluation off 5 106 Deleting the DAC curve 5 107 Echo evaluation using DAC 5 107 5 20 Distance amplitude curve according to JB T4730 and GB 11345 CNDAC 5 109 Evaluations according to CNDAC 5 109 Standards and reference blocks 5 110 Activating the CNDAC 5 111 Recording a DAC curve 5 ...

Страница 17: ...rts 6 2 Displaying test reports 6 4 Printing test reports 6 6 Deleting test reports 6 7 Storing the A scan and parameters in the test report 6 9 6 2 Storing memos 6 10 Creating a new memo file 6 10 Editing a memo file 6 11 Attaching a memo file to test report 6 12 6 3 Storing a report header 6 13 Creating a new header file 6 13 Editing a header file 6 14 Including a header file in the test report ...

Страница 18: ...7 3 7 4 Software updates 7 4 Download of update files 7 4 Installing an update 7 5 8 Interfaces and Peripherals 8 1 Interfaces 8 2 Overview 8 2 USB interface 8 3 Service interface Mini RS232 C 8 3 8 2 Peripherals 8 4 9 Appendix 9 1 Function directory 9 2 9 2 EU Declaration of Conformity 9 11 9 3 Manufacturer Service addresses 9 11 9 4 Environmental protection regulations 9 13 WEEE directive Waste ...

Страница 19: ... 1 Specifications of USM Go and USM Go 10 2 Display screen 10 2 Display 10 3 Connectors 10 3 Memory 10 4 Pulser 10 4 Receiver 10 5 Gates 10 6 Memory 10 6 Environment 10 7 Protection 10 8 Options 10 9 10 2 Specifications according to EN 12668 10 11 11 Index ...

Страница 20: ...0 10 Rev 10 06 2021 USM Go ...

Страница 21: ...USM Go Rev 10 06 2021 1 1 Introduction 1 ...

Страница 22: ... The charger power adapter meets the requirements of electrical safety class II Battery operation For the battery operation of the USM Go we recom mend the corresponding lithium ion battery You should only use this battery for the battery operation You can charge the lithium ion battery either within the instrument itself or in an external charger If a lithium ion battery is inserted charging star...

Страница 23: ...ith part 15 of the FCC Rules Op eration is subject to the following two conditions 1 This device may not cause harmful interference 2 This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed...

Страница 24: ...pection are Operator training Knowledge of special technical test requirements and limits Choice of appropriate test equipment Operator training The operation of an ultrasonic test device requires prop er training in ultrasonic test methods Proper training comprises for example adequate knowl edge of the theory of sound propagation the effects of sound velocity in the test material the behavior of...

Страница 25: ... re quest Limits of testing The information obtained from ultrasonic tests only re fers to those parts of the test object which are covered by the sound beam of the probe used Any conclusions from the tested parts to be applied to the untested parts of the test object should be made with extreme caution Such conclusions are generally only possible in cases where extensive experience and proven met...

Страница 26: ...ervals Failure to do so may lead to false thickness readings Effect of temperature variations The sound velocity within the test object also varies as a function of the material s temperature This can cause appreciable errors in measurements if the instrument has been calibrated on a cold reference block whereas the measurement is carried out on a warm test object Such measurement errors can be av...

Страница 27: ...fore be taken to select a probe which will give a sufficiently narrow sound beam at the position of the flaw Echo display comparison method The echo from a small natural flaw is usually smaller than the echo from an artificial comparison flaw e g cir cular disc flaw of the same size This is due for in stance to the roughness of the surface of a natural flaw or to the fact that the sound beam does ...

Страница 28: ... ficients There is then a danger that echoes from natural flaws appear too small For this reason an estimate must always be made of the effects of attenuation on the evaluation result and taken into account if applicable If the test object has a rough surface part of the incident sound energy will be scattered at its surface and is not available for the test The larger this initial scattering the ...

Страница 29: ...stries including aerospace power generation automotive as well as oil and gas These include Weld inspection Trigonometric projections AWS DAC DGS Inspection of forgings and castings Manual PRF adjustment Phantom echo detector DGS Rail inspection High PRF up to 2000 Hz Lightweight 850 g 1 87 lb Small and ergonomic Inspection of composites RF display 2 gates A and B Gate B is triggered by the event ...

Страница 30: ...vigation for changing settings and for selecting adjustment values USM Go These functions are carried out by means of five keys in the keypad of the USM Go The arrow keys in the key pad correspond to the movement of the joystick in the corresponding direction and pressing the center key corresponds to pressing the joystick USM Go ...

Страница 31: ... using up to 16 points ac cording to EN ISO 11666 EN ISO 17640 ASME and ASME III in conformity with JIS Z3060 DAC TCG 110 dB dynamic DAC BEA 120 dB µs slope USM Go DGS DGS amplitude evaluation according to EN ISO 11666 USM Go with an on board data logger Recording and documentation of measurement val ues in linear and grid file mode USM Go with square pulser Enables the fine adjustment of initial ...

Страница 32: ...gitized signals color display of gates and the corresponding readings for easy distinction easily perceptible reflection geometry when using an gle beam probes due to changing A scan or back ground color at every reflection point high memory capacity with 2 GB SD card SD cards with a memory capacity up to 16 GB can be used increased calibration range up to 9999 mm steel depending on the frequency ...

Страница 33: ...therefore not de scribed in the operating manual of the USM Go 1 5 How to use this manual This operating manual applies to all instrument versions of the USM Go Any differences in the functions or ad justment values are marked in each case Before operating the instrument for the first time it is ab solutely necessary that you read the chapters 1 3 and 4 They will inform you about the necessary pre...

Страница 34: ...ieces of information quickly Attention and note symbols ATTENTION The ATTENTION symbol indicates peculiar ities and special aspects in the operation which could affect the accuracy of the re sults Note Note contains e g references to other chap ters or special recommendations for a func tion Listings Listings are presented in the following form Variant A Variant B Operating steps Operating steps a...

Страница 35: ...USM Go Rev 10 06 2021 2 1 Standard package and accessories 2 ...

Страница 36: ...mber Ultrasonic flaw detector USM Go or USM Go TC 096 Transport case LI 138 Lithium ion battery 7 4 V 3 9 Ah rechargeable LiBC 139 AC power adapter charger 100V 260V AC SD memory card 2 GB Display screen protector foils 10 pieces WS 342 Safety hand strap Brief operating manual Operating manual on USB stick Manufacturer s certificate ...

Страница 37: ...3 2 2 Add on functions Product code Description Order number DAC TCG Echo evaluation method DAC JISDAC CNDAC TCG DGS Echo evaluation method DGS AWS Echo evaluation method AWS D1 1 SWP Square wave pulser PPRF Phantom echo detector 3Gate Third gate C DL Wall thickness data logger ...

Страница 38: ...n packages 2 4 Rev 10 06 2021 USM Go 2 3 Preconfigured function packages Product code Description Order number Basic Ultrasonic flaw detector USM Go or USM Go DAC Basic with DAC TCG AWS SWP DGS Basic with DGS AWS SWP Advanced Basic with DAC DGS AWS SWP PPRF ...

Страница 39: ...attery 7 4 V 3 9 Ah rechargeable LiBC 139 AC power adapter charger 100V 260V AC CA 040 Battery adapter for external charging of battery TC 096 Transport case CH 097 Shoulder strap WH 098 Shoulder bag for instrument and couplant WS 342 Safety hand strap EK 492 Ergonomic set CH 097 WH 098 WS 342 CBL 604 Probe cable Lemo 00 90 Microdot CBL 819 Probe cable Lemo 00 90 Lemo 00 ...

Страница 40: ...es Recommended accessories 2 6 Rev 10 06 2021 USM Go CBL 820 Probe cable Lemo 00 90 Lemo 01 CBL 821 Probe cable Lemo 00 90 KBA 533 CBL 822 Probe cable Lemo 00 90 BNC EN 499 Certificate EN 12668 1 Product code Description Order number ...

Страница 41: ...USM Go Rev 10 06 2021 3 1 Initial start up 3 ...

Страница 42: ...e open the cover until the damp has dried up You should not power the instrument on until this has hap pened 3 2 Power supply The USM Go can be operated either with an external charger power adapter or with the corresponding lithi um ion battery You can also connect the USM Go to the mains power supply if the battery is in the instrument A discharged battery is charged in this case during the inst...

Страница 43: ... plug of the charger power adapter with the red mark on the socket 1 Push the plug into the socket until it locks into place with a clearly audible click When removing the Lemo plug pull the metal sleeve on the plug back first in order to open the lock ATTENTION In order to power the instrument off correctly press the power On Off key 2 on the side of the instrument If the power supply is inter ru...

Страница 44: ...rting batteries The battery compartment is located on the rear of the in strument The cover is fastened with two attachment screws Turn the two attachment screws 1 of the battery compartment counterclockwise by one quarter of a turn each in order to loosen them Lift the cover off upward In the open battery compart ment you will see several connector pins 2 on one side 2 1 ...

Страница 45: ... the contacts are pushed against the connector pins 1 Insert the cover of the battery compartment with the side opposite to the screws at first and push the lugs 3 into the housing recesses Press the cover firmly down on the side of the screws and turn the two screws 2 clockwise by one quarter of a turn each in order to lock the cover 1 2 3 ...

Страница 46: ...ttery charge Check the battery charge level before inserting it into the instrument The number of diodes that are lit up has the following meaning 5 LEDs Battery charge level 100 80 4 LEDs Battery charge level 80 60 3 LEDs Battery charge level 60 40 2 LEDs Battery charge level 40 20 1 LED Battery charge level 20 10 1 LED is flashing Battery charge level 10 Press the key 2 next to the LEDs The LEDs...

Страница 47: ...n is no longer ensured All settings are retained during battery exchange and are immediately available again afterwards Note If the battery charge level is low it is abso lutely necessary that you finish your test job power off the instrument and replace the battery You should carry a second battery along with you if you cannot use mains pow er supply to operate the instrument Icon Meaning Battery...

Страница 48: ...strument is not used for ul trasonic testing the charging time is approx eight hours This charging time applies to ambient tempera tures of 25 30 C Charging status All battery charge controls and status updates are inter nal to the instrument Updates are given at the upper right corner of the display as described on the previous page The charger power adapter is a simple power supply with no charg...

Страница 49: ...o echo waveform distortions The probe is connected to the sockets on the side of the instrument casing Both connector sockets are equally suitable connected in parallel for connecting probes equipped with only one ultrasonic element ultrasonic transducer so that it does not matter which one of the two sockets is used When connecting a dual element TR probe having one transmitter or pulser element ...

Страница 50: ...he direction of the arrow in order to open the cover Insert the SD memory card into the card slot so that the contacts 2 of the card face the instrument front side Press the card down into the card slot until it locks into place Close the cover and make sure that it is locked tightly If necessary push the lock up to the limit stop in the opposite direction of the arrow in order to close the cover ...

Страница 51: ...display will show the page for selecting the required instrument Select the re quired instrument by means of the joystick USM Go or the arrow keys of the keypad USM Go After that the start display showing the name of the in strument and information on the software serial num ber and the installed options will appear The instrument carries out a self check and then switch es over to stand by mode T...

Страница 52: ... no longer reacts as expected you can reset it to the factory default settings Any data saved to the SD card will be retained all other individual settings e g language and units will be reset to the fac tory default settings Power the instrument off Press the further end of the Gain key 1 the further end of the Function key 2 and the Power key 3 si multaneously and hold all three keys pressed unt...

Страница 53: ...USM Go Rev 10 06 2021 4 1 Principles of operation 4 ...

Страница 54: ...ng the gain level in increments 2 Decreasing the gain level in increments 3 Operating levels and function groups navigation 4 Function key 1 individually assignable 5 Function key 2 individually assignable 6 Display for representation of A scan and functions 7 Power key for powering on and off 1 3 4 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 USM Go USM Go ...

Страница 55: ...normal mode A scan display in the zoom mode The gain and the adjusted dB step value are shown in the top left corner of the display screen The access to all other instrument functions is disabled in the zoom mode of the A scan display Toggling the A scan display mode To toggle between the normal and the zoomed A scan display mode shortly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad US...

Страница 56: ...e display screen The currently selected function group is highlighted First operating level A scan Second operating level settings Functions On the first operating level the functions of the currently selected function group are shown on the left of the dis play screen next to the A scan The functions are hidden in the zoomed A scan display mode no operation is possible in this case ...

Страница 57: ...eadings can be displayed in enlarged mode The number of the other boxes of the measurement line is then reduced see Section En larged display of reading page 5 62 In addition to the measurement reading the measuring point peak or flank is displayed with a symbol in sound path measurements measuring point Peak measuring point Flank Examples SA sound path within gate A at the measuring point Peak SA...

Страница 58: ...tus display icons inform about active functions and certain settings see Section Status display icons page 0 7 at the beginning of the present operating manual Alarms You can display an alarm signal in the form of a virtual LED in the far right box on top of the A scan see Sec tion LARGE alarm signal page 5 64 When an alarm is triggered the color of the alarm signal changes from green to red ...

Страница 59: ...toggling between the operating levels for selecting function groups for selecting and setting functions for selecting the zoom mode of A scan display Function keys Two key groups consisting of two function keys each are arranged next to the display screen The two upper function keys are used for changing the gain and turning the function AUTO 80 on see Section Key combinations page 4 8 The two low...

Страница 60: ...o press several keys at the same time see Section Overview of oper ator s controls page 4 2 Power key The key for powering the instrument on and off is locat ed on the instrument side next to the probe connectors Function Keys HOME Function key 1 function key 2 AUTO 80 Increase gain decrease gain UPDATE Decrease gain function key 2 Power key RESET Increase gain function key 2 Power key ...

Страница 61: ...ument configuration This is where you will also find functions for saving and printing for data management using the data logger and for special applications e g software updates Selecting and setting functions Shown below the A scan are the seven function groups which you can directly select using the navigation The name of the currently selected function group is high lighted and the correspondi...

Страница 62: ...or you can choose from a series of factory saved values e g for the func tion VELOCITY During the fine adjustment the name of the function is displayed in lower case letters range whereas it is displayed in capital letters during the coarse adjustment RANGE As long as a function is selected you can only change the corresponding value but you cannot toggle between the function groups To toggle betw...

Страница 63: ...one of the function keys see Section Assignment of function keys page 5 8 Choosing the start value You can use the function HOME for some functions to quickly choose the start value of the adjustment range To do this press the two lower function keys at the same time after selecting the function In this way you can e g set the value of the function DISPLAY DELAY to 0 000 µs This quick adjustment o...

Страница 64: ...case e g for the function DIRECTORY for selecting a directory on the SD memory card Example Switch over to the second operating level In the function group EVAL select the function MAG NIFY GATE Option 1 Press the function keys to directly choose the gate for the magnify gate function Option 2 Press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly to activate the function MAGNIFY...

Страница 65: ...se the lan guage for the displayed texts The following languages are available Switch over to the second operating level In the function group CONFIG1 select the function LANGUAGE Press the function keys to choose the required lan guage The language changes immediately Bulgarian Chinese German English Finnish French Italian Japanese Dutch Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Swedish Spanis...

Страница 66: ...ues are adjusted accordingly Switch over to the second operating level In the function group CONFIG1 select the function UNITS Press the function keys to choose the required units Decimal separator You can choose the decimal separator mark All data are displayed and saved using the selected decimal separator Switch over to the second operating level In the function group CONFIG1 select the functio...

Страница 67: ...1 select the function DATE FORMAT Press the function keys to change the date format The time format is changed together with the date for mat Select the function DATE Press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go to change the setting The first value day month or year is highlighted Use the navigation to change the highlighted value and switch over to the next value Change the o...

Страница 68: ... 180 the func tions of navigation and function keys are adjusted ac cordingly Switch over to the second operating level In the function group CONFIG1 select the function ORIENTATION Press the function keys to choose the required orien tation 4 6 Default settings of the display The USM Go is equipped with a high resolution color display You can optimize the display according to your own viewing hab...

Страница 69: ...se we recommend Scheme 3 and Scheme 4 Switch over to the second operating level In the function group CONFIG1 select the function COLOR Press the function keys to select the required color scheme Selecting the A scan color You can choose the color of the A scan using the function A SCAN COLOR function group CONFIG1 on the sec ond operating level The color options depend on the se lected color sche...

Страница 70: ...y are available as options Switch over to the second operating level In the function group CONFIG1 select the function GRID Press the function keys to choose the required grid for the A scan Setting the brightness To set the brightness of the display use the function BRIGHTNESS function group CONFIG1 on the second operating level You can choose a value from 1 to 10 Note A high brightness value inc...

Страница 71: ...t the function BRIGHTNESS Press the function keys to select the required value Note You can extend the operating time by means of the power saver function see Section Power saving mode page 5 79 4 7 Saving the settings You can save the current instrument settings to a file on the SD memory card The files for the USM Go have the filename extension UGO ...

Страница 72: ...i rectory of the SD memory card appears Press the function keys to select a directory on the SD card Press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly to choose the selected di rectory Switch over to the function ACTION and press the function keys to select the function STORE DATA SET Switch over to the function FILENAME and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center ke...

Страница 73: ... USB cable see Sec tion USB interface page 8 3 Recalling settings You can recall and use instrument settings saved to the SD memory card Note You can only recall datasets having the file name extension UGO Other files on the SD memory card are not displayed as options Switch over to the second operating level In the function group FILES select the function DIRECTORY and briefly press the joystick ...

Страница 74: ...he joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly The selection is automat ically changed to the function ENTER Press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly The instrument settings of the selected dataset are re called and they are immediately active after closing the recalling process Displaying dataset name You can display the filename of the currently...

Страница 75: ...t settings the correspond ing filename dataset name is displayed in red letters in the measurement line on top of the A scan in the box on the far right ATTENTION The filename can be up to 14 characters long for saving data sets on the second operating level However only the first 7 characters are shown in the display on top of the A scan on the first operating level Please note this limitation wh...

Страница 76: ...4 Principles of operation Saving the settings 4 24 Rev 10 06 2021 USM Go ...

Страница 77: ...USM Go Rev 10 06 2021 5 1 Operation 5 ...

Страница 78: ...w to use the operator s controls in Chapter 4 Prin ciples of operation The gain is always directly available to you by means of the two keys at the top next to the display You will find an overview of the function groups and their corresponding functions on the first pages of this oper ating manual The first operating level contains seven function groups in the default view Note When certain funct...

Страница 79: ...ing the receiver dB REF This group contains functions for evaluation The name and functions of this group vary depending on the selected evaluation method AUTOCAL This is where you will find the functions for the semi automatic calibration of the instrument GATE A In this group you will find all functions required for setting the gate A GATE B In this group you will find all functions required for...

Страница 80: ... 4 5 dB REF This group contains functions for the evaluation method dB Ref The name and functions of this group vary depending on the selected evaluation method DAC TCG This group contains the functions for the evaluation method DAC TCG option DGS This group contains the functions for the evaluation method DGS option AWS D1 1 This group contains the functions for the evaluation method AWS D1 1 opt...

Страница 81: ...s CONFIG2 This is where you will find special functions for the instrument setup for test and measurement applications CONFIG3 This is where you will find additional functions for the instrument setup for test and measurement applications CONFIG4 This group contains functions for the automatic gain control DR This group contains all functions for the data logger option ...

Страница 82: ...gain to adjust the sensitivity necessary for making echoes from reflectors to be detected visible on the display screen at the required height Press the upper key to increase the gain The current gain is displayed in the top left corner of the display screen Press the lower key to decrease the gain Setting the dB increment of gain By pressing the keys you will always set the gain by a certain dB i...

Страница 83: ...evel In the function group CONFIG2 select the function dB STEP Press the function keys to choose the required dB in crement You can define the dB increment of the seventh level us ing the function USER GAIN STEP You can set the display range by coarse adjustment steps or by fine adjustment see Section Coarse and fine adjustment of functions page 4 10 Select the function USER GAIN STEP Set the user...

Страница 84: ...ich is triggered by briefly press ing the key whereas the other one is triggered by press ing the key for a longer time approx 2 seconds All in all this means that you can assign four different func tions to the two function keys The following settings are possible NONE no function selected FREEZE see page 5 68 JOYSTICK LOCK see page 5 76 COPY see page 6 2 AUTO80 see page 5 92 MAGNIFY GATE see pag...

Страница 85: ...ted and you can now choose the function for the brief key press Use the navigation to choose the required function for the brief key press Press one of the function keys to choose the function for the long key press The selection changes to the lower option and the name of the function changes to HOLD func 1 Press the function keys to choose the function for the long key press Finally deactivate t...

Страница 86: ...r the basic set ting of the display range The display range must be ad justed to the sound velocity used function VELOCITY and to the probe used function PROBE DELAY Switch to the first operating level Select the function group RANGE Note For an exact adjustment of the sound veloci ty and the probe delay please start by read ing Chapter 5 8 Calibrating the USM Go page 5 29 ...

Страница 87: ... two function keys at the same time to quick ly adjust an average value 254 00 mm PROBE DELAY Every probe is equipped with a delay line between the transducer and the coupling face The sound pulse must first pass through this delay line before it can enter the test object You can compensate for this influence of the delay line in the probe in the function PROBE DELAY You can set the probe delay by...

Страница 88: ...al wave excitation mode the material name remains without additional informa tion If you deviate from a specified material velocity when using the navigation the material name is automatically replaced by the information CUSTOM You can set the sound velocity by coarse adjustment steps or by fine ad justment see Section Coarse and fine adjustment of functions page 4 10 The adjustment range is 250 1...

Страница 89: ...e screen display and consequently also the display zero For example if the display should start from the surface of the test object you have to adjust the value 0 for DIS PLAY DELAY You can set the display delay by coarse adjustment steps or by fine adjustment see Section Coarse and fine adjustment of functions page 4 10 The adjustment range is 15 000 3500 000 µs Select the function DISPLAY DELAY ...

Страница 90: ...IGH high voltage LOW low voltage The setting HIGH is recommended for all tests in which maximum sensitivity is important e g for the detection of small flaws Choose the setting LOW for broadband probes or if narrow echoes are required better lateral resolution Square wave pulser If your USM Go is equipped with a square wave pulser option and if the square wave pulser is chosen as pulser type see S...

Страница 91: ... heat accumulations in the pulser elec tronics Select the function VOLTAGE Press the function keys to choose the required pulser voltage ENERGY You can use the function ENERGY to set the penetra tion or sound energy The following settings are possible HIGH high energy LOW low energy The setting HIGH is recommended for all tests in which maximum sensitivity is important e g for the detection of sma...

Страница 92: ...n steps of 10 ns The following equation produces an approximation for the suitable pulse width Nominal width in nanoseconds 500 probe frequency in MHz For example the equation for a 2 25 MHz probe results in Nominal width in nanoseconds 500 2 25 ns 222 nanoseconds Note The pulser voltage and the pulse width can be automatically limited depending on the pulse repetition frequency see Section PRF MO...

Страница 93: ...DE pulse repetition frequency The pulse repetition frequency indicates the number of times an initial pulse is triggered per second You can decide whether you need the highest possible PRF val ue or whether you are satisfied with a low value You have three fixed steps and one user variable step avail able for the adjustment The larger your test object the smaller PRF values are needed to avoid pha...

Страница 94: ...z AUTO MED 1000 Hz AUTO HIGH 1500 Hz MANUAL Select the function PRF MODE Press the function keys to select the required value If you have selected MANUAL set the required value using the navigation Note You can detect and avoid phantom echoes by means of the optional function phantom PRF see Section Phantom echo detector page 5 58 ...

Страница 95: ...he function group RECEIVER Switch to the first operating level Select the function group RECEIVER FREQUENCY In this function you can set the frequency of the receiver according to the frequency of your probe The following settings are possible BROADBAND 1 5 MHz 2 MHz 2 25 MHz 4 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 13 MHz 15 MHz Select the function FREQUENCY Press the function keys to select the required value ...

Страница 96: ...s the function keys to choose the required set ting DUAL pulser receiver separation You can use the function DUAL to activate the pulser receiver separation see Chapter 3 3 Connecting a probe page 3 9 OFF Single element operation the probe connector sock ets are connected in parallel ON Dual mode for using dual element probes one probe connector is connected to the amplifier input the ini tial pul...

Страница 97: ...s the minimum height that the echoes must attain in order for them to be displayed on the screen at all The reject setting cannot be higher than 80 ATTENTION You should handle this function with great caution as it may of course happen that you suppress echoes from flaws as well Many test specifications expressly forbid using the reject function Select the function REJECT Press the function keys t...

Страница 98: ...es monitor the area of the test object where you expect to detect a flaw If an echo exceeds or falls below the gate an alarm signal is output see Section Alarms page 4 6 The gates A and B are independent of each other Gate A can also assume the function of an echo start gate for gate B The gate chooses the echo for the digital time of flight and amplitude measurement The measured value is displaye...

Страница 99: ... adjust ment of functions page 4 10 Select the function A START or B START Set the required value by means of the function keys or using the navigation A WIDTH B WIDTH width of the gates You can set the width of the gates A or B within an ad justment range of 1 00 27940 00 mm You can set the value by coarse adjustment steps or by fine adjustment see Section Coarse and fine adjust ment of functions...

Страница 100: ...d of the gate You can define the threshold value of the gates A or B within the range of 5 95 screen height for trigger ing an alarm if this value is exceeded or not reached In RF mode you can additionally set the threshold with in the range of 5 95 Select the function A THRESHOLD or B THRESHOLD Press the function keys to select the required value ...

Страница 101: ...st point of intersection between the echo and the gate with maximum resolution of the instrument J FLANK The time of flight is measured as in the case of FLANK the amplitude measurement before the 1st change of direction downwards when the gate threshold is afterwards yet again not reached is de termined with the maximum resolution of the instru ment In the case of larger values for the function R...

Страница 102: ... 2021 USM Go ATTENTION In any case the setting of the measuring point in TOF mode for the calibration and for the subsequent test use must always be identical Otherwise measuring errors may occur Select the function TOF MODE Press the function keys to choose the required set ting ...

Страница 103: ...the gate A the starting point of the gate B is identical with the value of the function A start Switch to the second operating level In the function group CONFIG2 select the function B START MODE Press the function keys to choose the required set ting If you choose the setting A the gate B is afterwards al ways shifted automatically when you shift the starting point of the gate A The width and the...

Страница 104: ... gate in screen height but in echo amplitude You can set the value within the range of 5 95 and 5 95 This function is not available for the optional gate C Switch to the second operating level In the function group EVAL select the function AGT Press the function keys to choose the required gate for the automatic adjustment If you have turned on the function AGT for one gate or for the two gates th...

Страница 105: ...adequately trained in the field of ultrasonic testing technology Below you will find some examples of common calibra tion methods for certain test applications In addition the USM Go is provided with a semi automatic calibra tion function see Section Case B With unknown ma terial velocity page 5 31 Choice of the measuring point The sound path measurement by means of the echo evaluation depends on ...

Страница 106: ...ction PROBE DELAY until the correct sound path for the selected calibration echo is indicated in the measurement line Example You are carrying out the calibration for the calibration range 100 mm using the calibration standard K1 thick ness 25 mm which is laid down flat Set RANGE to 100 mm Set the known material velocity of 5920 m s please see ISO 10863 Set the gate so that it is positioned on the...

Страница 107: ...n Otherwise an error mes sage is given Set the required display range using the function RANGE The two selected calibration echoes must be displayed on the screen Set the range so that the second calibration echo is positioned in the right half of the screen Switch to the function group AUTOCAL Enter the distances of the two calibration echoes in S REF 1 and S REF 2 Position the gate on the first ...

Страница 108: ...corre sponding functions accordingly Note If the instrument cannot carry out any valid calibration on the basis of the values entered and the echoes recorded a corresponding error message is displayed In this case check the values of your calibration lines and record the calibration echoes again Example Enter the two calibration lines thicknesses S REF 1 5 00 mm and S REF 2 20 00 mm Position the g...

Страница 109: ...USM Go 5 Operation USM Go Rev 10 06 2021 5 33 Record the first calibration echo Position the gate on the second calibration echo and record the second calibration echo The valid calibration is carried out and confirmed ...

Страница 110: ... sound path from the pulser via the reflection from the backwall to the receiver element This V path error affects the measur ing accuracy You should therefore choose two wall thicknesses that cover the expected thickness mea surement range for the calibration In this way the V path error can be corrected to a large extent Higher material velocity Due to the V path error a higher material velocity...

Страница 111: ...range Set the functions of pulser and receiver according to the probe used and to the test application Set the function TOF MODE function group GATE A to FLANK Select the gain so that the highest echo reaches ap proximately the full screen height Set the gate threshold to the required height for mea suring the sound paths at the echo flanks Switch to the function group AUTOCAL Enter the two calibr...

Страница 112: ...that the measurement value is determined at the intersection point of the gate and the echo flank if the function TOF MODE has been set to FLANK The correct setting of the echo height and the gate threshold is therefore decisive for the accuracy of calibration and measurement The use of the function AGT can be of help in this connection see Section Automatic gate height page 5 28 Calibrations or m...

Страница 113: ...ho flank TOF MODE FLANK J FLANK FIRST PEAK or at the peak of the highest echo in the gate TOF MODE PEAK If the amplitudes of the echoes in the gate do not ex ceed 5 screen height all corresponding sound path and amplitude readings are rejected This en ables to avoid quickly changing random readings based on background noise of the USM Go The following example shows the dependency of dis tance meas...

Страница 114: ... a reference echo Switch to the first operating level Select the function group dB REF Note Depending on the evaluation mode selected one of the function groups DAC TCG DGS AWS D1 1 JISDAC or CNDAC can also be displayed at this point see Section EVAL MODE page 5 73 You will find the following functions The functions are described in the order in which you need them during your work MODE Activating...

Страница 115: ...nce echo please see section below Peak the reference echo according to the test instruc tion Use the function A start to position the gate A on the reference echo Select the function RECORD and press a function key The reference echo is recorded and stored Deleting a reference echo You can delete a stored reference echo at any time If necessary select the function DELETE REF and press a function k...

Страница 116: ... reference amplitude as 100 dBrB dB difference between the reference echo and the highest echo in the gate B A rB Amplitude of the signal in the gate B in percent re ferred to the reference amplitude as 100 Note The dB difference is independent of any pos sible gain variation Switch to the function group EVAL on the second op erating level Use the functions READING to choose one or sever al values...

Страница 117: ... welds according to the specification AWS D1 1 You will find the corresponding functions in the function group AWS D1 1 Switch to the second operating level In the function group EVAL select the function EVAL MODE and press the function keys to choose the evaluation method AWS D1 1 Switch to the first operating level Select the function group AWS D1 1 ...

Страница 118: ... A flaw gain in dB Absolute instrument gain with which the maximum flaw echo is at 50 5 echo height B reference gain in dB Absolute instrument gain with which the maximum reference echo e g the 1 5 mm side drilled hole from the reference standard V1 or IIW type 1 or 2 is at 50 5 echo height C sound attenuation factor in dB The value is calculated according to the formula C 0 079 dB mm s 25 4 mm wi...

Страница 119: ...e 1 5 mm side drilled hole Select the function A START and adjust the gate A on the reference echo Vary the gain so that the reference echo is indicated at 50 screen height Switch to the function group AWS D1 1 Select the function B REFERENCE and confirm the selection to store the reference gain Couple the probe to the test object to evaluate a flaw echo Select the function A START and adjust the ...

Страница 120: ...f welds function group AWS D1 1 5 44 Rev 10 06 2021 USM Go The USM Go determines automatically the values of the AWS variables C and D You can then evaluate the rat ing D using the corresponding requirements from AWS D1 1 ...

Страница 121: ...st operating level and in the function group EVAL in the column TRIG on the second operating level If necessary switch to the second operating level Select the function group EVAL In addition to the sound path S the reduced projection distance and the true depth of the flaw are calculated automatically and indicated in the measurement line by means of these functions Projection distance PD Distanc...

Страница 122: ...use the function PROBE ANGLE to adjust the angle of incidence of your probe for the material used This value is required for the automatic calculation of flaw position The following settings are possible OFF the function is turned off 30 90 You can set the value by coarse adjustment steps or by fine adjustment see Section Coarse and fine adjust ment of functions page 4 10 When a setting is selecte...

Страница 123: ...r 5 67 20 mm 113 4 mm Select the function PROBE ANGLE Press the function keys to choose the required set ting THICKNESS You can use the function THICKNESS to set the wall thickness of the test object This value is required for the automatic calculation of the true depth The adjustment range is 1 00 27940 00 mm You can set the value by coarse adjustment steps or by fine adjustment see Section Coars...

Страница 124: ...using the navigation O DIAMETER You need the function O DIAMETER when working with circular curved surfaces e g when inspecting longitudi nally welded tubes perpendicular to the main axis of the tube To make the USM Go carry out the corresponding correction of the reduced projection distance and depth enter the outside diameter of your test object here If you want to carry out the flaw position ca...

Страница 125: ...9 COLOR LEG For better orientation the instrument can mark the legs for the first three reflections with different background colors If necessary switch to the second operating level Select the function group EVAL Select the function COLOR LEG Press a function key to turn the function on ...

Страница 126: ...tion BLOCK and press a function key to choose the range of the calibration standard that includes the nominal value of the probe angle for ex ample K2 30 65 for the nominal value 45 Shift the gate to the calibration echo Switch to the function RECORD and press a function key to record the calibration echo Peak the echo The USM Go will automatically record the time of flight of the echo with the ma...

Страница 127: ...ed hole is located at a depth of 7 68 mm and has a diameter of 5 00 mm The option CUSTOM in the function BLOCK function group AUTOANG enables you to design a calibration standard of your own and to enter its values in the func tions DIAMETER and DEPTH function group BLOCK In this regard it is important that DEPTH always refers to the center of the side drilled hole and not to the real reflecting s...

Страница 128: ...USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Use the navigation to choose the first character of the code Use the navigation to switch over to the next position and choose the next character Press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly to close the code entry Switch to the function CONFIRM and press a function key to confirm the code you have entered If the code you ha...

Страница 129: ...this purpose primarily in the function groups EVAL CONFIG1 and CONFIG2 on the second operating level You will find the function TOF MODE in the function groups GATE A and GATE B on the first operating level Moreover you have to check and if necessary correct the current date and time so that this information is stored correctly together with the test results TOF MODE The sound path measurement by ...

Страница 130: ...s afterwards not reached yet another time FIRST PEAK The measurement is made as in the case of J FLANK however with screen resolution ATTENTION The highest echo in the gate does not have to be identical with the echo for which the sound path is measured This can lead to evaluation errors Two measurement arrows are used in order to clearly identify readings and to avoid any misinterpretations The d...

Страница 131: ...SM Go Rev 10 06 2021 5 55 Example PEAK With the setting PEAK the sound path and amplitude measurements are made at the peak of the highest echo in the gate measured sound path 12 74 mm amplitude 86 Example FLANK measured sound path 12 35 mm amplitude 86 ...

Страница 132: ...old and the leading edge of the first echo and the amplitude measurement is made at the peak of the first echo in the gate even if there are other higher signals within the gate measured sound path 12 35 mm amplitude 37 Example FIRST PEAK Since the gate is not reached yet another time after the first PEAK J FLANK and FIRST PEAK show the same results for A B 37 measured sound path 12 35 mm amplitud...

Страница 133: ...any case the setting of the measuring point in TOF mode for the calibration and for the subsequent test use must always be identical Otherwise measuring errors may occur Switch to the first operating level Select the function group GATE A or GATE B Select the function TOF MODE Press the function keys to choose the required set ting ...

Страница 134: ...echoes occur no distinction can be made in the echo representation between the set tings ON and OFF As soon as the phantom echoes appear in the setting ON they can be recognized at once by a regular move ment back and forth approx 3 s If this is the case vary the pulse repetition frequency until the phantom echoes disappear or have at least become sufficiently small Note It is recommended to alway...

Страница 135: ...which it should be directly displayed during the test Note As an alternative to a reading you can dis play the virtual alarm LED see Section LARGE alarm signal page 5 64 or the dataset name see Section Displaying data set name page 4 22 in the large box on the far right The following readings are selectable A A Echo height in gate A in screen height A B Echo height in gate B in screen height A C E...

Страница 136: ... Echo height in gate B in dB dBrC Echo height in gate C in dB LA Number of legs in gate A LB Number of legs in gate B DA Depth for gate A DB Depth for gate B PA Projection distance for gate A PB Projection distance for gate B RA Reduced projection distance for gate A RB Reduced projection distance for gate B ERS Equivalent reflector size Gt DGS test sensitivity Gr DGS reference gain instrument gai...

Страница 137: ... the DAC or TCG reference curve in dB SLB Only with CNDAC Difference of the amplitude of the highest echo in gate B below or above the DAC or TCG reference curve in dB SLC Only with CNDAC Difference of the amplitude of the highest echo in gate C below or above the DAC or TCG reference curve in dB A rA Amplitude of the highest echo in gate A in relation in to the DAC or TCG reference curve as 100 A...

Страница 138: ...or the other positions in the same way Note While a reading is chosen brief information about the reading is displayed at the top edge of the display screen Enlarged display of reading The functions MODE and LARGE enable you to display one or four readings in enlarged mode on top of the A scan If only a single reading is displayed in enlarged mode six other boxes are available for readings in the ...

Страница 139: ...ng you can dis play the virtual alarm LED see Section LARGE alarm signal page 5 64 or the dataset name see Section Displaying data set name page 4 22 Switch to the second operating level Select the function group EVAL Select the function LARGE to display a single read ing in enlarged mode Press the function keys to select the required value Select the function MODE to display four readings in enla...

Страница 140: ...d Note For the configuration of the alarm output see Section Configuring the alarm output page 5 77 Switch to the second operating level Select the function group EVAL Select the function LARGE or READING 4 and press a function key to select the setting VIRTUAL LED This turns the alarm signal on and it is displayed next to the readings on top of the A scan Note You can turn the alarm trigger on by...

Страница 141: ...ou can choose a gate for the magnify gate function Switch to the second operating level Select the function group EVAL Select the function MAGNIFY GATE to choose the gate for this function Press the function keys to choose the required gate Note In order to use the magnify gate function the function MAGNIFY GATE must be assigned to one of the function keys see Section Activating the magnify gate f...

Страница 142: ...ion MAGNIFY GATE spanning the gate page 5 65 Switch to the second operating level Select the function group CONFIG2 For example select the function FUNCTION 1 in or der to use the upper function key for the magnify gate function Activate the function see Section Activating func tions page 4 12 The upper option is selected and you can now choose the function for the brief key press Use the navigati...

Страница 143: ...Configuring the USM Go for test tasks 5 Operation USM Go Rev 10 06 2021 5 67 Normal A scan A scan with magnify gate turned on for the gate B ...

Страница 144: ...icult coupling conditions or for spot weld test ing B FREEZE The A scan is frozen automatically when the signal touches the gate B This setting is suitable e g for measurements on hot test objects for measurements in difficult coupling conditions or for spot weld testing AB FREEZE The A scan is frozen automatically when the signal touches either one of the gates A or B COMPARE The manually frozen ...

Страница 145: ... level Select the function group CONFIG2 For example select the function FUNCTION 1 in or der to use the upper function key for the A scan freeze Activate the function see Section Activating func tions page 4 12 The upper option is selected and you can now choose the function for the brief key press Use the navigation to select the function FREEZE for the brief key press Finally deactivate the fun...

Страница 146: ... important default settings of the display screen are described in Chapter 4 6 Default settings of the display Scheme see page 4 16 A scan color see page 4 17 Grid see page 4 18 Brightness see page 4 18 Additional settings affecting the representation on the display screen are described below ...

Страница 147: ...play mode Due to the higher contrast the filled echo display mode can improve the detectability of echoes especially during faster scanning of test ob jects Switch to the second operating level Select the function group CONFIG2 Select the function ASCAN FILL and press a function key to choose the filled A scan display mode Filled A scan ...

Страница 148: ...ith PRF 60 Hz the USM Go analyzes the raw data and shows the maximum amplitudes at every one of the 800 single points Switch to the second operating level Select the function group CONFIG1 Select the function ECHO MAX and press a function key to turn on the function Example With a PRF of 1200 Hz and the function ECHO MAX turned on 1200 60 20 A scans are analyzed as raw data The highest amplitude a...

Страница 149: ...r the setup of the USM Go are de scribed below EVAL MODE This is where you can choose a method for evaluating the measured reflector echoes Depending on the options activated you can choose from different methods dB REF default setting see page 5 38 DAC TCG see page 5 91 DGS see page 5 119 AWS D1 1 see page 5 41 JISDAC see page 5 102 CNDAC see page 5 109 Switch to the second operating level Select...

Страница 150: ...able OFF The gate is turned off alarms and measurement functions are disabled and the gate is not visible on the display screen POSITIVE The alarm is triggered if the gate is exceeded NEGATIVE The alarm is triggered if the gate is not reached Switch to the second operating level Select the function group CONFIG2 Select the function GATE A LOGIC and press a func tion key to choose the setting for t...

Страница 151: ...a spike and a square pulser type Switch to the second operating level Select the function group CONFIG2 Select the function PULSER TYPE and press a func tion key to choose the pulser type Note If you have chosen the square wave pulser the default function ENERGY on the first op erating level changes into the function WIDTH see Chapter 5 5 Setting the pulser function group PULSER page 5 14 ...

Страница 152: ...the joystick Switch to the second operating level Select the function group CONFIG1 Select the function JOY CONTROL and press a func tion key to lock the joystick by setting the function to OFF Note Even if the joystick is locked functions can still be operated by pressing the joystick e g toggling between the operating levels Only the joystick movement does not function ...

Страница 153: ...les you to define the criteria for the gate alarm output The settings for VIRTUAL LED and OUTPUT SELECT are logically dependent in the operation of the gates A and B however the gate polarity can be set inde pendently for the VIRTUAL LED by means of GATE A LOGIC and GATE B LOGIC and for OUTPUT SELECT A and OUTPUT SELECT B by means of and The optional gate C is excluded in this connection ...

Страница 154: ... The alarm is triggered if one of the gates A or B is ex ceeded A The alarm is triggered if the gate A is not reached B The alarm is triggered if the gate B is not reached A B The alarm is triggered if the two gates A and B are not reached Switch to the second operating level Select the function group CONFIG2 Select the function OUTPUT SELECT Press a function key to choose the required setting ...

Страница 155: ...screen is automatically turned off if the instrument is not used during this time The display screen is automatically turned on again as soon as you use a control element You can define the turn off time within the range of 1 30 minutes Switch to the second operating level Select the function group CONFIG3 Select the function POWER SAVER and press the function keys to select the required setting ...

Страница 156: ...ers You can define either the thickness of a single layer or the thicknesses of 10 layers within a range of 1 00 10 0 mm each Switch to the second operating level Select the function group CONFIG3 Select the function TOF in LAYER and press a func tion key to turn on the function Switch to the function LAYER TYPE and press the function keys to choose the mode for a single layer STANDARD or for 10 l...

Страница 157: ...f the keypad USM Go briefly to close the setting This completes the definition of the layer thicknesses If the function TOF in LAYER is turned on only the number of the layer is displayed instead of the numerical reading for SA SB and SC in the measurement line on top of the A scan e g 7 LA Layer 7 ...

Страница 158: ...ation case the gain is reduced in gate B until the backwall echo is completely displayed in the A scan The backwall echo can then be selectively integrated into the flaw evaluation However the backwall echo attenuation also allows to systematically increase the gain In this way you can for example only increase the gain within the flaw ex pectancy range in order to peak the echo in this range Swit...

Страница 159: ... fro zen A scan is updated every time the maximum ampli tudes are exceeded You can select the color of the envelope curve Switch to the second operating level Select the function group CONFIG3 Select the function ENVELOPE and press a function key to turn on the envelope curve Switch to the function ENVELOPE COLOR Press the function keys to choose the required set ting A scan with envelope curve ...

Страница 160: ...e automatic gain control of the USM Go keeps the echo amplitude fully automatically at a specified screen height and in this way compensates for the amplitude variations of the signal received This enables to clearly improve especially the wall thickness measurement and to make it easier To configure the automatic gain control enter the mini mum and the maximum height of amplitude in percent scree...

Страница 161: ...o the function MAX AMP and press the function keys to set the required value Switch to the function MIN AMP and press the function keys to set the required value Switch to the function NOISE LEVEL and press the function keys to set the required value Note The automatic gain control is helpful e g in the calibration using AUTOCAL setting MAX AMP 81 MIN AMP 79 to keep the reference amplitude of 80 s...

Страница 162: ...hort term calibration reminder for a time period within the range of 0 5 4 hours and a re minder for the yearly calibration In the case of the yearly reminder define the date at which the calibration should be carried out You can de cide how long before this date the reminder icon should be displayed Short term calibration reminder Switch to the second operating level Select the function group CON...

Страница 163: ...s to select the required setup time for the reminder Switch to the function CAL RESET and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go to acknowledge the reminder To confirm press the two function keys at the same time The reminder will then become effective only af ter the next calibration date Password protection The USM Go can administer two users Inspector Expert A ...

Страница 164: ...level Select the function group CONFIG4 Select the function PASSWORD and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Use the navigation to enter the first character of the password Enter other characters in the same way You can en ter a maximum of 12 characters Press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly to close the password en try Enter t...

Страница 165: ...n Protecting settings After saving a password you can protect the individual functions of the USM Go The access to these functions is then only possible as Expert after entering the pass word Switch to the second operating level Select the function group CONFIG4 Select the function PARAM EDIT and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Use the navigation to enter t...

Страница 166: ...ected functions you have to be logged in as Expert Login as Expert Switch to the second operating level Select the function group CONFIG4 Select the function PARAM MODE and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Use the navigation to change the user from INSPECTOR to EXPERT The text box for the entry of the password is displayed Use the navigation to enter the pas...

Страница 167: ...a reference block having artificial flaws to re cord a DAC curve you can use this echo amplitude for the evaluation of a flaw without any further corrections The reference block should be made of the same mate rial as the test object The time corrected gain TCG increases the gain in dis tance sensitive mode so that all reference echoes reach 80 screen height The amplitude evaluation of echo indica...

Страница 168: ...s recorded a possibly already existing curve must be deleted If necessary make sure that the old curve has been saved to a free dataset be fore starting to record a new curve Note You can configure the measurement line ac cordingly to display the specific readings see Section Configuring the measure ment line page 5 59 Select the function group DAC TCG Use the navigation to move upwards in order t...

Страница 169: ...t DAC curve point The indication 1 POINT confirms the recording After this the func tion gate a start is automatically selected Position the gate A on the second DAC echo Select the function AUTO80 and press a function key to automatically set the echo to 80 screen height Select the function RECORD and press a function key to store the second DAC curve point The indica tion 2 POINTS confirms the r...

Страница 170: ...shing is confirmed by the indication STORED Setting up the DAC Select the function group SETUP The function TCG DAC MODE is automatically set to DAC Select the function DAC TYPE and press the function keys to choose the required curve display type STRAIGHT CURVED or POLYNOMIAL Select the function group GATE A and position the gate in the expectancy range of the echoes Adjust the gain ...

Страница 171: ...off any time Switch to the first operating level Select the function group DAC TCG Use the navigation to move upwards in order to dis play the specific function groups and functions for the DAC TCG Select the function group SETUP Select the function TCG DAC MODE and press a function key to turn the DAC evaluation off OFF The DAC curve is no longer displayed in the A scan Note The DAC curve is not ...

Страница 172: ...or the DAC TCG Select the function group SETUP Select the function DELETE CURVE and press a function key A message prompting you to confirm is displayed Press the two function keys at the same time to con firm the deletion of the reference echo The deletion is acknowledged by the indication NO CURVE Editing DAC points You can edit individual DAC points at any time Select the function group EDIT Se...

Страница 173: ...T POS and press the func tion keys to change the distance of the point Finally select the function ENTER to store the new DAC point The changed DAC is now displayed in the A scan Multiple DAC curves You can activate multiple DAC curves and at the same time define the offsets between the multiple curves and the recording curve The offset 0 0 dB only represents the recording curve Every setting vary...

Страница 174: ...1 dB Select the function group OFFSETS Select the function OFFSET and press the function keys to set multiple curves with a fixed offset Select the function MODE and press a function key to turn on the individual curve definition by means of CUSTOM The function OFFSET is disabled Switch to the function group OFFSET2 Select the function OFFSET 1 and press the function keys to individually set the f...

Страница 175: ...WS D1 1 page 5 41 Sensitivity correction You can use the function TRANSFER CORR to com pensate for transfer losses in the material to be tested A correction is necessary if the test object and the refer ence standard have different surface qualities You have to determine the adjustment value for the compensation of transfer losses by way of experiment In this connection the gain is varied accordin...

Страница 176: ...his applies especially to the parame ters voltage frequency rectification material veloci ty and reject Change in the probe delay with DAC TCG Generally a change in the probe delay automatically also affects the shape of the sound field This means that a new recording of the reference echo would be the oretically required However minor changes in the de lay line typically occurring due to the wear...

Страница 177: ...se this is the only way of ensuring that the displayed echo amplitude and the sound path projection distance depth position always belong to the highest echo in the gate Note The USM Go checks the measuring point setting in TOF mode before processing any reference amplitudes If PEAK is not set as measuring point the instrument will automat ically switch to PEAK In this case a note is displayed at ...

Страница 178: ...ium and H high They are permanently connected to the DAC and shifted accordingly if the gain is varied In addition a class rating takes place Flaw echoes are evaluated according to their amplitude with reference to their position within the set of curves Class I Amplitude Line L Class II Line L Amplitude Line M Class III Line M Amplitude Line H Class IV Amplitude Line H Activating JISDAC DAC accor...

Страница 179: ...tly calibrated see Chapter 5 8 Calibrating the USM Go page 5 29 As soon as a new curve is recorded a possibly already existing curve must be deleted If necessary make sure that the old curve has been saved to a free dataset be fore starting to record a new curve Select the function group JISDAC Use the navigation to move upwards in order to dis play the specific function groups and functions for t...

Страница 180: ...n key to store the first DAC point The indication 1 POINT confirms the recording After this the func tion gate a start is automatically selected Position the gate A on the second DAC echo Select the function AUTO80 and press a function key to automatically set the echo to 80 screen height Select the function RECORD and press a function key to store the second DAC point The indication 2 POINTS conf...

Страница 181: ...ding of the DAC echoes The fin ishing is confirmed by the indication STORED Setting up JISDAC Select the function group SETUP The function JIS DAC is automatically set to ON Select the function BOLD LINE and press the func tion keys to choose the required evaluation line Select the function group GATE A and position the gate in the expectancy range of the echoes Adjust the gain ...

Страница 182: ...T ATTN Select the function TRANSFER CORR and press the function keys to adjust the required value Turning the JISDAC evaluation off You can turn the JISDAC evaluation off at any time Switch to the first operating level Select the function group JISDAC Use the navigation to move upwards in order to dis play the specific function groups and functions for the JISDAC Select the function group SETUP Se...

Страница 183: ...ss the two function keys at the same time to con firm the deletion of the reference echo The deletion is acknowledged by the indication NO CURVE Echo evaluation using DAC To be able to evaluate a flaw echo by means of the DAC certain conditions must be met The distance amplitude correction curve has to be re corded beforehand It only applies to the same probe that was used for re cording the curve...

Страница 184: ...ine after a DAC curve has been recorded The same applies to immersion testing The DAC curve must be recorded after setting up the final water delay line Failure to do so may lead to evaluation er rors Automatic variation of the measuring point in TOF mode An echo amplitude evaluation is normally carried out at the echo peak of the signal under examination because this is the only way of ensuring t...

Страница 185: ...ecify a reference block of your own the data of which have to be documented separately Evaluations according to CNDAC After recording the reference echo the CNDAC shows the reference lines RL SL and EL depending on the corresponding choice in the functions CODE NAME standard and BLOCK reference block The reference line SL is used for the amplitude mea surement It can be assigned to all gates avail...

Страница 186: ...ness test object mm RL dB SL dB EL dB 11345A RB 3 DAC DAC 10 DAC 16 11345B RB 3 DAC 4 DAC 10 DAC 16 11345C RB 3 DAC 2 DAC 8 DAC 14 4730 CSK IIA 2 8 46 DAC 4 DAC 12 DAC 18 4730 CSK IIA 2 46 120 DAC 2 DAC 8 DAC 14 4730 CSK IIIA 1 8 15 DAC 2 DAC 6 DAC 12 4730 CSK IIIA 1 15 46 DAC 5 DAC 3 DAC 9 4730 CSK IIIA 1 46 120 DAC 10 DAC DAC 6 4730 CSK IVA DAC DAC 10 DAC 16 CUSTOM CUSTOM DAC DAC DAC ...

Страница 187: ...st operating level The function group CNDAC is now displayed there If a stored DAC curve exists it becomes effective now Recording a DAC curve ATTENTION Before starting to record a reference curve the instrument has to be correctly calibrated see Chapter 5 8 Calibrating the USM Go page 5 29 As soon as a new curve is recorded a possibly already existing curve must be deleted If necessary make sure ...

Страница 188: ...on keys to select the required standard Switch over to the function BLOCK and choose the suitable reference block see Section Standards and reference blocks page 5 110 Select the function gate a start and position the gate A on the first DAC echo Select the function AUTO80 and press a function key to automatically set the echo to 80 screen height Select the function RECORD and press a function key...

Страница 189: ...the echo to 80 screen height Select the function RECORD and press a function key to store the second DAC point The indication 2 POINTS confirms the recording After this the function gate a start is automatically selected again Record further DAC points in the same way Finally select the function FINISH and press a func tion key to finish the recording of the DAC echoes The finishing is confirmed b...

Страница 190: ...N Select the function CNDAC DISPLAY and press a function key to turn the evaluation line on Select the function group GATE A and position the gate in the expectancy range of the echoes Adjust the gain Select the function CNDAC TYPE and press the function keys to choose the required line display type STRAIGHT CURVED or POLYNOMIAL Depend ing on the choice the values for SLA A rA SLB and A rB slightl...

Страница 191: ... tested A correction is necessary if the test object and the refer ence standard have different surface qualities You have to determine the adjustment value for the compensation of transfer losses by way of experiment In this connection the gain is varied accordingly but the curve shape remains the same Select the function group LINE Select the function TRANSFER CORR and press the function keys to...

Страница 192: ...SL and EL in the same way Turning the CNDAC evaluation off You can turn the CNDAC evaluation off at any time Switch to the first operating level Select the function group CNDAC Use the navigation to move upwards in order to dis play the specific function groups and functions for the JISDAC Select the function group SETUP Select the function CNDAC MODE and press a func tion key to turn the CNDAC ev...

Страница 193: ...ress the two function keys at the same time to con firm the deletion of the reference echo The deletion is acknowledged by the indication NO CURVE Echo evaluation using DAC To be able to evaluate a flaw echo by means of the DAC certain conditions must be met The distance amplitude correction curve has to be re corded beforehand It only applies to the same probe that was used for re cording the cur...

Страница 194: ... The same applies to immersion testing The DAC curve must be recorded after setting up the final water delay line Failure to do so may lead to evaluation er rors Automatic variation of the measuring point in TOF mode An echo amplitude evaluation is normally carried out at the echo peak of the signal under examination because this is the only way of ensuring that the displayed echo amplitude and th...

Страница 195: ...he reflecting power This diagram con sists of a set of curves showing the connection of three influencing variables Distance D between the probe coupling face and the circular disk shaped equivalent reflector Difference in gain G between a circular disk shaped equivalent reflector and a reference reflector e g an infinitely large backwall Size S of the circular disk shaped equivalent reflector The...

Страница 196: ...thod with many dif ferent probes and on various materials Note Before setting up the DGS mode the instru ment has to be calibrated at first since none of the functions affecting the DGS evaluation VELOCITY PROBE DELAY VOLTAGE ENERGY DAMPING FREQUENCY REC TIFY can be changed any more after re cording the reference echo For dual element probes the sound velocity can only be set between 5350 and 6500...

Страница 197: ...quently displayed evaluation curve will then take the effective sound at tenuation into account independently of the distance The reference echo must come from the test object if possible If this is not possible it should be ensured that the reference block is made of the same materi als as the test object The evaluation must be carried out using the same probe that was used for recording the refe...

Страница 198: ...ecording a DGS reference echo before changing the delay line The same applies to immersion testing The DGS setting must be made after setting up the final water delay line Failure to do so may lead to evaluation er rors Automatic variation of the measuring point in TOF mode An echo amplitude evaluation is normally carried out at the echo peak of the signal under examination because this is the onl...

Страница 199: ...GS Switch back to the first operating level The function group DGS is now displayed there Basic settings for the DGS measurement You can choose the probe and set other DGS parame ters in this step Select the function group DGS Use the navigation to move upwards in order to dis play the specific function groups and functions for the DGS Select the individual functions in the different function grou...

Страница 200: ...E XTAL FREQUENCY probe frequency Frequency of the element or crystal preset for pro grammed probes EFF DIAMETER Effective element or crystal diameter of the probe used preset for programmed probes DELAY VELOCITY Sound velocity in the probe delay line preset for pro grammed probes REFERENCE TYPE Type of the reference reflector used backwall side drilled hole or circular disk shaped equivalent refle...

Страница 201: ...urve you have to record the reference echo Select the function group DGS Use the navigation to move upwards in order to dis play the specific function groups and functions for the DGS Select the function group GATE A Peak the echo of the reference reflector in this case the backwall echo from the test object After this position the gate A on the reference echo Select the function group REF ECHO Se...

Страница 202: ...the DGS evaluation The DGS curve is calculated and displayed in the A scan Taking the general DGS diagram as a basis the USM Go calculates the required test sensitivity for displaying the 3 mm curve with its maximum at 80 screen height and makes this setting The current gain is set to 0 during this The curve is automatically adjusted in the case of sub sequent gain variations ...

Страница 203: ...uivalent reflector size later on Switch to the second operating level Select the function group EVAL Select the reading ERS for one of the items in the measurement line see Section Configuring the measurement line page 5 59 Locks error messages As long as a valid reference echo is stored no functions can be changed which could cause an incorrect DGS evaluation with the exception of PROBE DELAY wit...

Страница 204: ...on AMPL CORRECT at any time even after the DGS calibration in the function group MAT ATTN using the function TRANSFER CORR The settings of the functions AMPL CORRECT and TRANSFER CORR have an additive effect likewise the settings of the functions REF ATTEN and TEST AT TEN Using multiple DGS curves After turning the DGS evaluation on at least one curve is displayed for a certain ERS equivalent refl...

Страница 205: ...on off By turning it on again you can use the function DGS MODE to go back to the DGS evaluation again without losing any settings Deleting a DGS reference echo You can delete the echo of the reference reflector After this the DGS evaluation is not possible until you have recorded a new reference echo Switch to the first operating level Select the function group DGS Use the navigation to move upwa...

Страница 206: ...lled hole mm Near field length in steel mm Minimum distance in steel mm 1 B1 S 6 0 9 0 23 35 2 B2 S 3 0 4 5 45 68 3 B4 S 1 5 2 3 90 135 4 MB2 S 3 0 4 5 8 12 5 MB4 S 1 5 2 3 15 23 6 MB5 S 1 2 1 8 20 30 7 9 MWB 2 1 6 2 4 15 23 10 12 MWB 4 0 8 1 2 30 45 13 15 SWB 2 1 6 2 4 39 59 16 18 SWB 5 0 7 1 1 98 147 19 21 WB 1 3 3 5 0 45 68 22 24 WB 2 1 6 2 4 90 135 ...

Страница 207: ... 10 06 2021 5 131 Probe Wavelength in steel mm Focus depth in steel mm 25 MSEB 2 3 0 8 2 26 MSEB 4 1 5 10 2 27 MSEB 4 0 1 5 18 4 28 MSEB 5 1 2 10 2 29 SEB 1 5 9 20 4 30 SEB 2 KF5 3 0 6 2 31 SEB 4 KF8 1 5 6 2 32 SEB 2 3 0 15 3 33 SEB 4 1 5 12 2 34 SEB 2 0 1 5 12 2 ...

Страница 208: ...es for the dual element probes are not derived from the general DGS diagram but have been individually mea sured for steel 5920 m s and stored in the instrument You can only carry out a DGS evaluation with one of the dual element probes available if the sound velocity is between 5330 and 6500 m s ...

Страница 209: ...th the conventional angle beam probes which contain rect angular elements In the case of conventional angle beam probes it may happen the the reflectors evaluat ed according to the DGS method are over evaluated The following probes using the trueDGS technology are currently available MWB45 2 tD probe 35 MWB60 2 tD probe 36 MWB70 2 tD probe 37 MWB45 4 tD probe 38 MWB60 4 tD probe 39 MWB70 4 tD prob...

Страница 210: ...5 Operation Evaluation according to the DGS method 5 134 Rev 10 06 2021 USM Go ...

Страница 211: ...USM Go Rev 10 06 2021 6 1 Documentation 6 ...

Страница 212: ... of the function keys see Chapter 5 3 Assignment of function keys page 5 8 As an alternative you can store test reports using the corresponding function on the second operating level Storing using COPY Note If you repeatedly select the same filename for storing a consecutive numbering is auto matically attached to the filename for exam ple FILE_002 Check in the function group FILES on the second o...

Страница 213: ...oose the selected di rectory Switch to the function ACTION and press the function keys to select one of the functions STORE REPORT test report or FAST REPORT fast report Switch to the function FILENAME and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Use the navigation to choose the option NEW FILE and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad US...

Страница 214: ...terface page 8 3 Displaying test reports You can display test reports saved to the SD card on the display screen of your instrument Note You can only display files having the file name extension BMP Other files on the SD memory card are not displayed as options Switch to the second operating level In the function group FILES select the function DIRECTORY and briefly press the joystick USM Go or th...

Страница 215: ...elect the name of the required file Press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly The selection switches automatically to the function ENTER Press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly After the loading process which takes a few seconds the test report is displayed on the display screen In the top part you will see various data of the report ...

Страница 216: ... dis play Printing test reports The USM Go is not meant to be directly connected to a printer You can use the corresponding standard programs text and image editors on your PC to view edit and print out the test reports and A scans stored by means of the USM Go in the format JPG and BMP as well as the AS CII files in the format UGO To do this insert the SD memory card into the SD card reader of yo...

Страница 217: ...e Only files of the type UGO are deleted Files of the types BMP and JPG are retained Switch to the second operating level In the function group FILES select the function DIRECTORY and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go The di rectory of the SD memory card appears Press the function keys to select a directory on the SD card Press the joystick USM Go or the cent...

Страница 218: ... the required dataset file Press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly The selection switches automatically to the function ENTER Press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly The message DOUBLE KEY PRESS KEY TO CONFIRM is displayed at the top of the display screen To confirm press the two function keys at the same time The dataset file is de...

Страница 219: ...s as well To do this you have to turn on the corresponding function Switch to the second operating level In the function group FILES select the function IMAGE IN REPOR and press a function key to turn on the function by choosing YES Select the function PARAM IN REPOR and press a function key to turn on the function by choosing YES Next time a test report is stored the selected informa tion is inse...

Страница 220: ...level In the function group FILES select the function MEMO EDIT and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Use the navigation to choose the option NEW FILE and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Use the navigation to choose the first character of the filename Use the navigation to switch to the next position and choose the nex...

Страница 221: ...name of the re quired file and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Use the navigation to edit the text Finally press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly to close the entry Note You can use any text editor to edit memo files by inserting the SD memory card into the SD card reader of your PC or by connect ing the USM Go to a PC via ...

Страница 222: ... briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Use the navigation to choose the name of the re quired file and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Finally press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly again to close the text edit box Switch to the function MEMO IN REPORT and press a function key to turn on t...

Страница 223: ...r file Switch to the second operating level In the function group FILES select the function HEADER EDIT and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Use the navigation to choose the option NEW FILE and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Use the navigation to choose the first character of the filename Use the navigation to switch...

Страница 224: ...e the name of the re quired file and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Use the navigation to edit the text Finally press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly to close the entry Note You can use any text editor to edit header files by inserting the SD memory card into the SD card reader of your PC or by connect ing the USM Go to a...

Страница 225: ...ER EDIT and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Use the navigation to choose the name of the re quired file and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Finally press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly again to close the text edit box Switch to the function HDR IN REPORT and press a function key to...

Страница 226: ... The first page of the list of all parameters and settings is dis played on the screen Use the navigation to browse through further pages of the parameter list Press the two function keys at the same time to store the parameter list Press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly to hide the parameter list again You cannot view the stored parameter list on the display scre...

Страница 227: ...op eration of the gates are available to you In addition you can set several flags in order to find single sequences faster later on Note Make sure that the SD card used in the in strument has a sufficient amount of free stor age capacity for your tasks The storage capacity of the internal memory is sufficient for approx 8 minutes of recording time 24 000 single frames Switch to the second operati...

Страница 228: ...TER and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go If the note FILE EXISTS DOUBLE KEY PRESS TO OVERWRITE FILE is displayed press the two function keys at the same time to overwrite the exist ing file You will then automatically switch to the first operating level with the A scan Next to the A scan the control functions are displayed in the function group RECORD wherea...

Страница 229: ...tion group RECORD select the function RECORD and press a function key to interrupt the re cording In the function group RECORD select the function STOP and press a function key The recording is stopped and you will see the normal display view of the first operating level with the A scan and the func tion groups Viewing a video You can view the videos stored in the internal memory or on the SD memo...

Страница 230: ...tick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly to confirm the selection Switch to the function MODE and press a function key to select the REPLAY mode Switch to the function ENTER and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go You will then automatically switch to the first operating level with the A scan The replay starts automatically The control functio...

Страница 231: ...nd to display a certain point of time of the video recording Select the function FRAME and press the function keys to choose and to display a certain single frame of the video recording In the function REPLAY select the function STOP and press a function key to stop the replay 6 6 Documentation using UltraMATE The special application program UltraMATE provided by Waygate Technologies enables you t...

Страница 232: ...y structure them according to the test tasks The grid ma trix consists of rows and columns In this way you can e g use the rows for test locations and the columns for single test points In a grid matrix consisting of 9 rows and 4 columns you will then store the results of a test location in one row each You can store the readings from one two or three test points for each test location If you have...

Страница 233: ...ess value sound path in a gate or between two gates ATTENTION After generating the file you can no longer change the number of rows and columns that you have defined using the function BOT TOM Switch to the second operating level In the function group DR select the function FILE NAME and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Use the navigation to choose the optio...

Страница 234: ...tion BOTTOM and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Select the coordinates for the last cell in the bottom right corner of the grid matrix The choice of the op tion 4H means that 4 columns and 8 rows A to H are created Press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly to close the selection Switch to the function ADV DIRECTION and press t...

Страница 235: ...a Data Recorder file You can activate every one of the Data Recorder files created and use them for storing readings Switch to the second operating level In the function group DR select the function FILE NAME and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Use the navigation to select the name of the required Data Recorder file ...

Страница 236: ...e grid matrix When you see the grid matrix on the display screen you can store readings and the corresponding A scans in the individual cells Note While the grid matrix is displayed most A scan functions cannot be used for example the settings of the gates You can only vary the gain Couple the probe to the first measuring point The reading is immediately indicated in the currently se lected cell o...

Страница 237: ... display view of the first operating level again Deleting readings You cannot overwrite any readings If you want to change a reading you have to delete the stored read ing after which you will be able to store a new reading in the empty cell The deletion applies both to the reading and to the cor responding A scan Use the navigation to select a cell with a stored read ing Press the two function ke...

Страница 238: ...e Switch to the second operating level In the function group DR select the function FILE NAME and briefly press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go Use the navigation to select the name of the required Data Recorder file Press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly to close the selection of the filename Switch to the first operating level You will...

Страница 239: ...of the keypad USM Go It is not possible to switch over to the zoomed A scan display mode during this To be able to switch to the zoomed A scan display mode you have to turn off the functions of the grid matrix at first Turning the grid matrix off Switch to the second operating level In the function group DR select the function DR VIEW Press a function key to set the function to OFF This turns off ...

Страница 240: ...6 30 Rev 10 06 2021 USM Go ...

Страница 241: ...USM Go Rev 10 06 2021 7 1 Maintenance and care 7 ...

Страница 242: ...alcohol ATTENTION Do not use any methyl alcohol and no sol vents or dye penetrant cleaners The plastic parts may be damaged or become brittle due to them 7 2 Battery care Battery care The capacity and life of batteries mainly depend on the correct handling Therefore please observe the tips be low You should charge the batteries in the following cases before the initial startup after a storage time...

Страница 243: ...ing of batteries the charging process and the meaning of LED s and power indicators is described in detail in Chapter Operation using batteries page 3 4 ATTENTION You should only use the batteries recom mended by us and the corresponding char ger Any improper handling of the batteries and charger involves an explosion hazard 7 3 Maintenance The USM Go requires basically no maintenance ATTENTION An...

Страница 244: ...on installed in your instru ment on the second operating level Switch to the function group CONFIG2 and further to the function ABOUT Press the joystick USM Go or the center key of the keypad USM Go briefly to display the start display with the information about the instrument and soft ware The line MAIN CODE shows the version number and the date of the installed software ...

Страница 245: ...ese zip and start the download Unzip the downloaded archive file zip and save the update file sdu to an appropriate location Copy the update file sdu to the main directory of the SD memory card Installing an update Note Only one file with the extension sdu may be located in the main directory of the SD card for the installation If several update files are located in the main directory the installa...

Страница 246: ...essage FLASH UP GRADE MODE appears The installation process will then start The following messages are displayed one by one LOADING FILE VERIFYING FILE PROGRAMMING FLASH At the end of the installation the instrument is powered off automatically After this you can power the USM Go on again and use the new software version Note For resetting the instrument to factory default settings see Section Fac...

Страница 247: ...USM Go Rev 10 06 2021 8 1 Interfaces and Peripherals 8 ...

Страница 248: ...k of the hinged cover 1 in the direction of the arrow in order to open the cover Close the cover and make sure that it is locked tightly If necessary push the lock up to the limit stop in the opposite direction of the arrow in order to close the cover watertight again The following are located under the cover USB interface 2 Card slot for SD memory cards 3 Service interface 4 1 2 3 4 ...

Страница 249: ... of the SD memory card see Chapter 3 4 Inserting the SD memory card page 3 10 Note If the instrument is connected to a PC via the USB interface it functions as an external drive It is then not possible to use the instru ment After disconnecting the USB cable the normal operation is possible again Service interface Mini RS232 C The service interface is meant for using the alarm output and for servi...

Страница 250: ...erals Peripherals 8 4 Rev 10 06 2021 USM Go 8 2 Peripherals The USM Go is not provided for the direct connection of peripherals e g printers or monitors For more details on printing see Section Printing test reports page 6 6 ...

Страница 251: ...USM Go Rev 10 06 2021 9 1 Appendix 9 ...

Страница 252: ...rst Starting point of the gate A 5 29 A START DGS first Starting point of the gate A 5 119 A START GATE A first Starting point of the gate A 5 22 A START CNDAC first Starting point of the gate A 5 109 A START DAC TCG first Starting point of the gate A 5 91 A START JISDAC first Starting point of the gate A 5 102 A SCAN COLOR CONFIG1 second Choice of color for the A scan 4 17 A WIDTH GATE A first Wi...

Страница 253: ...ding of points curve points for the DAC 5 102 RECORD AUTOCAL first Start of the semi automatic calibration function 5 29 RECORD CNDAC first Recording of points curve points for the DAC 5 109 RECORD DAC TCG first Recording of points curve points for the DAC 5 91 RECORD JISDAC first Recording of points curve points for the DAC 5 102 ENTER FILES second Execution of the file processing mode selected u...

Страница 254: ...irst Measuring range display width 5 10 DISPLAY DELAY RANGE first Setting of display start 5 10 CONFIRM CONFIG1 second Confirmation of the entry in the function CODE 4 12 EVAL MODE EVAL second Choice of echo evaluation 5 73 RECORD REF DGS first 5 119 REF SIZE DGS first Diameter of the reference reflector 5 119 REFERENCE dB REF first 5 38 IMAGE IN REPOR FILES second Inserting an A scan into the tes...

Страница 255: ... of the automatic gain control 5 84 dB STEP CONFIG2 second Choice of increment for the gain 5 6 D D1 1 RATING AWS D1 1 first Flaw gain in dB for the AWS evaluation 5 41 DAMPING PULSER first Damping of the probe oscillating circuit 5 14 FILENAME FILES second Choice or entry of filenames for reports 6 2 FILENAME DR second Choice or entry of filenames for the Data Recorder 6 22 DATE CONFIG1 second Se...

Страница 256: ...reduced projection distance for angle beam probes 5 46 PROBE ANGLE EVAL second 5 46 ENVELOPE CONFIG3 second Activation of the envelope curve 5 83 ENVELOPE COLOR CONFIG3 second Choice of the color for the envelope curve 5 83 CREATE DR second Creating a dataset 6 22 COLOR CONFIG1 second Choice of color scheme for the display screen 4 16 COLOR LEG EVAL second Activation of the color marking for legs ...

Страница 257: ...cy 5 14 ENERGY PULSER first Intensity of the initial pulse 5 14 JOY CONTROL CONFIG1 second Locking of the joystick 5 76 CAL REMINDER CONFIG2 second Activation of the reminder function for the calibration 5 86 CAL REMINDER CONFIG3 second Activation of the reminder function for the yearly calibration 5 86 CAL RESET CONFIG2 second Resetting of the reminder function for the calibration 5 86 CAL RESET ...

Страница 258: ...MEMO IN REPORT FILES second Inserting the memo text into the test report 6 12 MEMO EDIT FILES second Editing the memo text for the test report 6 11 TOF MODE GATE A first Choice of measuring point at the signal in the gate A 5 22 TOF MODE GATE B first Choice of measuring point at the signal in the gate B 5 22 READING 1 READING 2 READING 3 READING 4 READING 5 READING 6 EVAL second Choice of the read...

Страница 259: ...Expert 5 87 PARAMETERS FILES second Display of the current instrument settings 6 16 PARAM IN REPOR FILES second Inserting the adjustment values into the test report 6 9 PASSWORD CONFIG4 second Password for the instrument access 5 87 PHANTOM PRF CONFIG2 second Activation of the phantom echo detection 5 58 POWER SAVER CONFIG3 second Activation of the power saving mode 5 79 PROBE DELAY RANGE first Co...

Страница 260: ...instrument LANGUAGE CONFIG1 second Choice of language 4 13 DEPTH BLOCK first TOF in LAYER CONFIG3 second Turning on of the function TOF in LAYER 5 80 REFERENCE TYPE DGS first 5 119 REJECT RECEIVER first Suppression of unwanted echo indications 5 19 VOLTAGE PULSER first Pulser voltage 5 14 X VALUE TRIG first Entry of the distance between the probe index point and the face of the angle beam probe 5 ...

Страница 261: ...vice addresses The ultrasonic flaw detector USM Go is manufactured by Baker Hughes Digital Solutions GmbH Robert Bosch Straße 3 50354 Hürth Germany T 49 0 22 33 601 111 F 49 0 22 33 601 402 The USM Go is manufactured according to the state of the art methods using high quality components Thor ough in process inspections or intermediate tests and a quality management system certified to ISO 9001 en...

Страница 262: ...nts please contact your nearest Waygate Technologies representative or turn directly to Baker Hughes Digital Solutions GmbH Service Center Robert Bosch Straße 3 50354 Hürth Germany or Postfach 1363 50330 Hürth Germany T 49 0 22 33 601 111 F 49 0 22 33 601 402 USA Waygate Technologies Baker Hughes Digital Solutions 721 Visions Drive Skaneateles NY 13152 USA T 1 888 332 3848 315 554 2000 ext 1 ...

Страница 263: ...ontain hazardous substances that could impact health and the environment In order to avoid the dissemination of those substances in the environment and to diminish the pressure on our natural resources we advise you to use the appropriate take back systems Those systems will reuse or recycle in an environmentally safe way most of the materials of your instrument which is no longer capable of funct...

Страница 264: ...ates that the product may contain cadmium Cd lead Pb or mercury Hg For proper recycling return the batteries to the manufacturer or to a designat ed collection point What do the markings mean Batteries and accumulators must be marked either on the battery on the accumulator or on their packaging depending on the size with the separate collection sym bol In addition the marking must include the che...

Страница 265: ...resence of toxic metals in the product Pb for lead Hg for mercury and Cd for cadmium Cadmium poisoning can result in cancer of the lungs and prostate gland Chronic diseases may include kidney damage pulmonary emphysema as well as bone diseases such as osteomalcia and osteoporo sis Cadmium may also cause anemia discoloration of the teeth and anosmia loss of smell Lead is poisonous in all compounds ...

Страница 266: ...9 16 Rev 10 06 2021 USM Go ...

Страница 267: ...USM Go Rev 10 06 2021 10 1 Specifications 10 ...

Страница 268: ... Rev 10 06 2021 USM Go 10 1 Specifications of USM Go and USM Go Display screen Active range W H 108 0 64 8 mm diagonal 5 inches Size 5 inches Resolution W H 800 480 pixels Contrast ratio 300 Brightness 200 cd m Range 14 016 mm 552 inches for longitudinal wave ...

Страница 269: ...0 µs Probe delay 0 1 000 µs Velocity 250 16 000 m s PRF Automatically optimized 15 2 000 Hz 3 automatic setting modes Auto Low Auto Med Auto High Manual Connectors Probe connectors 2 LEMO 00 mechanical reverse polarity protection USB interface Micro USB connector Service interface 1 Mini RS232C only used for service purposes ...

Страница 270: ... mode Spike pulser optionally Square wave pulser Pulser voltage SQ mode 120 300 V in steps of 10 V with a tolerance of 10 Pulser falling rising time max 10 ns Pulser width SQ mode 30 500 ns in steps of 10 ns with a tolerance of 10 Pulser amplitude spike mode low 120 V high 300 V Pulser energy spike mode low 30 nS high 100 nS Damping 50 ohms 1000 ohms ...

Страница 271: ...l gain Dynamic range 110 dB adjustable in steps of 0 2 dB Analog bandwidth 0 9 20 MHz Equivalent input noise 80 µV across the full bandwidth Recovery time Target of 10 µs Input linearity 5 for method E317 for output data on all 4 ADC s Filters Broadband 1 5 MHz 2 2 25 MHz 4 5 MHz 10 MHz 13 15 MHz ...

Страница 272: ... Independent gates 2 gates A and B triggering by gate A gate C option Rectification positive half wave negative half wave full wave RF signal Measuring position Peak Flank J FLANK FIRST PEAK Memory Capacity 2 GB SD card Datasets UGO data structure in ASCII Reports JPG or BMP type A scans ...

Страница 273: ...g method optional external charger Charge level proportional charge level indicator Charger power adapter Universal power supply unit 100 240 VAC 50 60 Hz meets the requirements of CCC CE UL CSA and PSE Size W H D 175 111 50 mm Weight 850 g incl battery Languages Bulgarian Chinese Czech Dutch English Finnish French German Hungarian Italian Japanese Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Span...

Страница 274: ...rage 3 cycles 4 hrs at 20 60 C 4 hrs at 60 C transition within 5 minutes 503 4 Procedure II Vibration General exposure 1 hr per axis 514 5 5 Procedure I Annex C Figure 6 Shocks 6 cycles per axis 15 g 11 ms half sine 516 5 Procedure I Loose cargo in shipping containers 514 5 Procedure II Transit drop packaged for shipment 26 drops 516 5 Procedure IV Enclosure IP67 according to IEC 529 Operating tem...

Страница 275: ...8 ASTM E1324 E317 ANSI NCSL Z 540 1 1994 MIL STD 45662A MIL STD 2154 Options AWS AWS calibration tool according to AWS D1 1 Structural Welding Code DAC DAC calibration tool 16 points according to EN ISO 11666 EN ISO 17640 ASTM E164 ASME ASME III JIS Z3060 TCG 120 dB dynamic 110 dB µs slope DGS DGS calibration tool according to EN ISO 11666 EN ISO 17640 ASTM E164 Data logger Grid file creation 3G G...

Страница 276: ...WP for pulser parameter optimization voltage setting 120 300 V in steps of 10 V pulse width setting 30 500 ns in steps of 10 ns JIS CN DGS BEA Phantom PRF Phantom PRF for the identification of erroneous echoes caused by multi ple reflections in low attenuation materials JIS CN DGS BEA ...

Страница 277: ... to EN 12668 10 Specifications USM Go Rev 10 06 2021 10 11 10 2 Specifications according to EN 12668 You will find the specifications according to EN 12668 for your instrument on the USB stick included in the standard package ...

Страница 278: ...10 12 Rev 10 06 2021 USM Go ...

Страница 279: ...USM Go Rev 10 06 2021 11 1 Index 11 ...

Страница 280: ...rm output 5 77 AMPL CORRECT DGS 5 124 Angle of incidence 5 46 Angle beam probe 0 7 5 45 A scan 4 3 Fill 5 71 Freezing 5 68 5 69 Normal 4 3 Storing 6 9 Zoom 4 3 Zoomed 6 29 A SCAN COLOR 4 17 A scan color 4 17 A scan freeze 5 68 ASCANFILL 5 71 A START 5 23 A THRESHOLD 5 24 Auto Gain Control 5 84 AUTO80 4 8 AUTOANG 5 50 AUTOCAL 5 31 Automatic gain control 5 84 Automatic gate height 5 28 A WIDTH 5 23 ...

Страница 281: ...icator 3 7 Warning of low charge level 3 7 Battery charge level 0 8 3 7 Battery icon 3 7 Battery operation 1 2 3 4 Battery warning 0 8 BEA 5 82 B FREEZE 5 68 BLOCK 5 51 BOTTOM 6 24 BRIGHTNESS 4 18 Brightness 4 18 B START 5 23 BSTARTMODE 5 27 B THRESHOLD 5 24 B WIDTH 5 23 C Calibration Dual element probes 5 34 Straight beam probes 5 30 Calibration reminder 5 86 Care 7 2 Changing Operating level 0 3...

Страница 282: ...tion DAC TCG 5 100 JISDAC 5 107 5 117 Connecting Charger power adapter 3 3 Probe 3 9 CONTROL 6 20 6 21 CREATE 6 24 D DAC 0 7 Adding points 5 97 Echo evaluation 5 100 5 107 5 117 Editing points 5 96 Multiple DAC curves 5 97 Sensitivity correction 5 99 5 106 5 115 Setting up 5 94 Turning off 5 95 Turning on 5 91 DAC according to JIS 5 102 DAC curve Deleting 5 96 Recording 5 92 Recording CNDAC 5 111 ...

Страница 283: ...r 4 14 Default settings 4 13 Date and Time 4 15 Display 4 16 Instrument 3 12 Language 4 13 Scheme 4 16 Units 4 14 Defects errors 1 3 Defining probe angle 5 50 Defining the probe index angle 5 50 DELAY VELOCITY DGS 5 124 DELETE DATASET 6 7 Deleting CNDAC 5 117 DAC curve 5 96 DGS reference echo 5 129 Directory 6 4 File 6 7 JISDAC 5 107 Reading 6 27 Reference echo 5 39 Test report 6 7 Deleting the DA...

Страница 284: ...play Brightness 4 18 Grid 4 18 Scheme 4 17 Setting 5 70 DISPLAY DELAY 5 13 Display delay 5 13 Display freeze 5 68 Display range 5 10 5 11 Display screen 4 3 A scan representation 4 3 Display zero 5 13 Displaying dataset name 4 22 DR 6 22 6 23 6 25 6 28 6 29 DR THICKNESS 6 24 DR VIEW 6 29 DUAL pulser receiver separation 5 20 E Echo evaluation 5 25 5 29 5 53 Echo height comparison 5 38 ECHO MAX 5 72...

Страница 285: ...5 127 EVAL MODE 5 73 Evaluation of flaws 1 6 F Factory default setting 3 12 FAST REPORT 6 3 Features 1 11 File operations 8 3 FILENAME 4 20 4 22 6 3 6 5 6 8 6 17 6 20 6 23 6 25 6 28 Fine and coarse adjustment 4 10 Firmware 7 4 First operating level 4 9 5 3 FIRST PEAK 5 25 5 54 Flag 6 19 6 21 FLANK 5 25 5 54 Flaw class 5 42 Flaw gain 5 42 Flaw position calculation 5 45 FRAME 6 21 Freeze 0 7 5 68 FR...

Страница 286: ... 5 0 6 Functions in alphabetical order 9 2 G Gain 0 8 4 2 4 5 Setting 5 6 Gain control 5 84 Gate Setting 5 22 Spanning 5 65 Starting point 5 23 GATE A 5 22 GATE A LOGIC 5 74 GATE B 5 22 Gate B Start 5 27 Gate logic 5 74 Gate tracking 5 27 GB 11345 5 109 GRID 4 18 Grid matrix 6 22 Turning off 6 29 Turning on 6 29 H HDR IN REPORT 6 15 Header 6 13 HEADER EDIT 6 13 Header file Creating 6 13 Editing 6 ...

Страница 287: ...rfaces 8 2 J J FLANK 5 25 5 54 JISDAC 5 102 5 106 5 116 Turning off 5 106 Turning on 5 102 Joystick Locking 5 76 K Key combinations 4 8 Keypad functions 0 8 L LANGUAGE 4 13 Language 4 13 LARGE 5 62 Alarm 5 64 Layer 5 80 LED on charger power adapter 3 8 LED on power supply unit 3 8 Legs 5 49 Limits of testing 1 5 LINE 5 116 LOCK 5 7 Locks DGS 5 127 M MAGNIFY GATE 5 65 ...

Страница 288: ...Measurement line 4 5 Configuring 5 59 Measuring point symbol 4 5 Memo Creating 6 10 Editing 6 11 Storing 6 10 MEMO EDIT 6 10 Memo file Attaching to test report 6 12 Creating 6 10 Editing 6 11 MEMO IN REPORT 6 12 Memory card Inserting 3 10 Removing 3 10 MODE 5 62 6 18 6 20 Monitor 8 4 Multiple DGS curves 5 128 N Navigation 0 9 4 7 NEG HALFWAVE 5 20 Notes 6 10 O Object diameter 5 48 O DIAMETER 5 48 ...

Страница 289: ... alarm 5 77 8 3 Outside diameter 5 48 Overview Functions of the first operating level 0 3 0 4 Functions of the second operating level 0 5 0 6 Keypad functions 0 8 Navigation 0 9 Power level indicators 0 8 Status display icons 0 7 USMGo 1 8 P PARAM IN REPOR 6 9 Parameters Storing 6 9 6 16 Viewing 6 16 Password 5 87 Changing 5 88 Lost 5 88 Saving 5 88 Password protection 5 87 Canceling 5 89 PEAK 5 2...

Страница 290: ...ing 1 3 Training 1 4 Wall thickness measurement 1 5 PRF MODE 5 17 Printer 8 4 Printing 6 6 Probe Connecting 3 9 PROBE DGS 5 124 PROBE ANGLE 5 46 5 50 Probe data DGS 5 130 PROBE DELAY 5 11 Probe delay 5 11 PROBE DELAY probe delay 5 11 Probe matching 5 17 PROBE NAME DGS 5 124 Probe table DGS evaluation 5 130 Pulse repetition frequency 5 15 5 16 5 17 PULSER 5 14 Pulser 5 14 Pulser connection 3 9 Puls...

Страница 291: ...eiver frequency 5 19 RECORD 6 18 Record Calibration echo 5 31 Recording DAC curve 5 92 JISDAC 5 102 5 111 Reference echo for dB difference measurement 5 39 Reference echo for DGS 5 125 Videos 6 17 Recording a reference echo DGS 5 125 RECTIFY 5 20 Recycling 7 6 REF ATTEN DGS 5 124 REF SIZE DGS 5 124 Reference block CNDAC 5 109 5 110 Reference echo Deleting 5 39 Echo height comparison 5 40 Recording...

Страница 292: ...S Safety information 1 2 Saving Password 5 88 Settings 4 19 Scheme 4 16 SD card Icon 0 7 Inserting 3 10 Removing 3 10 SD memory card 0 7 Second operating level 4 9 5 4 Semi automatic calibration 5 31 5 35 Sensitivity correction 5 99 5 106 5 115 Serial number 3 11 Service addresses 9 11 Service interface 8 3 Setting Gain 5 6 Setting units 4 14 Setting up DAC CNDAC 5 114 Setting up DAC JISDAC 5 105 ...

Страница 293: ...ding to EN12668 10 11 Speed 6 21 Square wave pulser 5 14 5 75 Start display 3 11 5 52 7 4 Start value 4 11 Starting 3 11 Starting point of gateB 5 27 Starting points of the gates 5 23 Status display icons 0 7 4 6 STOP 6 19 6 21 Store Readings 6 22 STORE DATASET 4 20 STORE REPORT 6 3 Storing 6 2 A scan 6 9 DAC curve point 5 93 Memo 6 10 Parameters 6 9 6 16 Reference echo 5 39 Reference gain 5 43 Re...

Страница 294: ...ugh transmission 5 20 TIME 4 15 6 21 Time 4 15 TOF in LAYER 5 80 TOF MODE 5 25 5 53 TOF mode 5 29 TOF mode symbol 5 54 Toggling A scan display mode 4 3 Function group 4 9 4 10 TRANSFER CORR sensitivity correction 5 99 5 106 5 115 Transfer correction DGS 5 128 Transfer correction JISDAC 5 99 5 106 5 115 Transfer loss 0 7 TRIG 5 45 trueDGS 5 133 U UGO 4 19 UltraMATE 6 21 UNITS setting units 4 14 UPD...

Страница 295: ...12 Version number 5 52 7 4 Video Recording 6 17 Viewing 6 19 VIRTUAL LED 5 64 VOLTAGE 5 14 W Wall thickness 5 47 Wall thickness measurement 1 5 Waste disposal 7 6 9 14 WEEE directive 9 13 Weld Rating 5 41 WIDTH 5 16 X X VALUE 5 48 XTAL FREQUENCY DGS 5 124 Z Zoom 4 3 ...

Страница 296: ...RemoteService bakerhughes com waygate tech com 2021 Baker Hughes All rights reserved Specifications subject to change without notice Printed in USA bakerhughes com ...

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