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8. Familiarizing Yourself with the Reference Samples
Table 7: Various reference samples used for different experiments in Kronos.
Table 7 shows the various standard experiments that are possible with Kronos. This section serves
to provide experiment ideas for the user.
8.1 Base Catalysis of the cis-trans Isomerization of Congo Red
The absorption spectrum of a solution of CR in its trans-ground state in 20% water/ethanol is
shown in Figure 9. The dye absorbs strongly throughout the visible range and peaks at ~510 nm.
Experiment
Base catalysis of cis-trans
isomerization of Congo Red
Activation Energy of One Spiropyran
Chemical Congo Red
1’,3’-dihydro-1’,3’,3’-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro
(2H-1-benzopyran-2,2’-2H-indole)
Supplier Sigma-Aldrich Sigma-Aldrich
Product ID C6277 273619
Excitation
wavelength (nm)
< 500 nm <400 nm
Detection
wavelength (nm)
600 nm 600 nm
Additional
chemicals
Sodium hydroxide, ethanol Toluene
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