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MAX-M10M - Integration manual

Figure 19: PL bounding true position error

3.11.2 Interface

The protection level bounds the true position error with a target misleading information risk (TMIR),
for example 5% [MI/epoch] (read: 5% probability of having an MI per epoch). The target misleading
information risk describes the probability per epoch of having misleading information (MI), meaning
that it is not possible to bound the true position error because it is larger than the protection level
(see

Figure 20: Misleading information

The output of the protection level is published through the UBX-NAV-PL message.

TMIR is speciﬁed in one dimension for PL. It is not speciﬁed as a horizontal 2D or 3D value.

The protection level values (UBX-NAV-PL.plPos1/2/3) are conﬁdence intervals around the
reported position (for example, UBX-NAV-PVT or UBX-NAV-HPPOSLLH).

The target misleading information risk is provided in exponential notation (UBX-NAV-
PL.tmirCoeﬀ and UBX-NAV-PL.tmirExp), for example UBX-NAV-PL.tmirCoeﬀ = 5 and UBX-NAV-
PL.tmirExp = 0 results in 5e0 (= 5).

The true position error is generally unknown, unless a very accurate and reliable truth positioning
system is reporting an estimate for the true position.

When the GNSS environment deviates signiﬁcantly from the normal mode of operation as compared
to scenarios where the PL has been validated, a validity ﬂag is set to false to indicate these

UBX-22038241 - R02

3 Receiver functionality

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Содержание MAX-M10

Страница 1: ...n manual Abstract This document describes the features and application of the u blox MAX M10M module The MAX M10M module provides an ultra low power standard precision GNSS receiver for high performance asset tracking applications www u blox com UBX 22038241 R02 C1 Public ...

Страница 2: ...designs included in this document Copying reproduction or modiﬁcation of this document or any part thereof is only permitted with the express written permission of u blox Disclosure to third parties is permitted for clearly public documents only The information contained herein is provided as is and u blox assumes no liability for its use No warranty either express or implied is given including bu...

Страница 3: ...platform 14 2 2 2 Navigation input ﬁlters 15 2 2 3 Navigation output ﬁlters 16 2 2 4 Odometer ﬁlters 16 2 2 5 Static hold 17 2 2 6 Freezing the course over ground 18 2 2 7 Super Signal Super S technology 19 2 3 OTP memory conﬁguration 19 3 Receiver functionality 20 3 1 Augmentation systems 20 3 1 1 SBAS 20 3 1 2 QZSS SLAS 21 3 2 Communication interfaces and PIOs 22 3 2 1 UART 22 3 2 2 I2C 23 3 2 3...

Страница 4: ...ving MGA and operational data during power oﬀ 55 3 12 3 AssistNow oﬄine 55 3 12 4 AssistNow autonomous 58 3 13 Data batching 61 3 13 1 Introduction 61 3 13 2 Setting up the data batching 61 3 13 3 Retrieval 62 3 14 CloudLocate 62 3 14 1 CloudLocate measurements 63 4 Hardware integration 64 4 1 Power supply 64 4 1 1 VCC 64 4 1 2 V_IO 64 4 1 3 V_BCKP 64 4 1 4 Supply design examples 65 4 2 RF interfe...

Страница 5: ...ion 81 A 1 Hardware changes 81 A 2 Software changes 82 B Reference designs 84 B 1 Typical design 84 B 2 Antenna supervisor designs 86 C External components 89 C 1 Standard capacitors 89 C 2 Standard resistors 89 C 3 Inductors 89 C 4 Operational ampliﬁer 89 C 5 Open drain buﬀers 89 C 6 Antenna supervisor switch transistors 89 Related documents 90 Revision history 91 UBX 22038241 R02 Contents Page 5...

Страница 6: ...prove the dynamic position accuracy with small antennas or in non line of sight scenarios MAX M10M is cost and power optimized for designs where a SAW ﬁlter and an LNA are integrated in the external active antenna It works in a wide main supply voltage range of 1 8 5 V with an extremely low power consumption of less than 10 mW in a 1 Hz cyclic tracking power save mode MAX M10M oﬀers backwards pin ...

Страница 7: ... System reset active low It has to be low for at least 1 ms to trigger a reset Leave open if not used See RESET_N section for more information 10 GND Connect to GND 11 RF_IN I GNSS signal input The RF signal line is DC blocked internally The line must match the 50 Ω impedance See sections RF front end and Layout for more information about the RF signal considerations 12 GND Connect to GND 13 LNA_E...

Страница 8: ...used leave open Alternative functions 1 17 SCL 3 I I2C clock If not used leave open Alternative functions 1 18 SAFEBOOT_N I Safeboot mode To enter safeboot mode set this pin to low at receiver s startup Otherwise leave it open The SAFEBOOT_N pin is internally connected to TIMEPULSE pin through a 1 kΩ series resistor Table 1 MAX M10M pin assignment UBX 22038241 R02 1 System description Page 8 of 92...

Страница 9: ...itioning receivers Users must adopt the conﬁguration interface described in this document The conﬁguration interface settings are stored in a database consisting of separate conﬁguration items An item is made up of a pair consisting of a key ID and a value Related items are grouped together and identiﬁed under a common group name CFG GROUP a convention used in u center 2 and within this document W...

Страница 10: ... setting is applied at startup 5 Verify that the conﬁguration item is correctly set by polling CFG HW RF_LNA_MODE at RAM layer using the UBX CFG VALGET message 6 The OTP memory conﬁguration is completed 2 1 3 GNSS signal conﬁguration MAX M10M supports concurrent reception of four major GNSS constellations using the GPS L1C A Galileo E1 BeiDou B1C and GLONASS L1OF signals BeiDou B1I signal is also ...

Страница 11: ...eiDou B1C signal BeiDou B1C signal has the same center frequency as GPS L1 C A enabling concurrent use of 4 GNSS constellations Multi GNSS conﬁgurations with BeiDou B1C also have a lower power consumption compared to those with BeiDou B1I Concurrent reception of 4 GNSS with GPS L1 C A Galileo E1 BeiDou B1C and GLONASS L1OF Lower power consumption No additional frequency band required for BeiDou B1...

Страница 12: ...nterface Some messages such as UBX MON VER are non periodic and are only output as an answer to a poll request The UBX INF and NMEA Standard TXT information messages are non periodic output messages that do not have a message rate conﬁguration Instead they can be enabled for each communication interface via the CFG INFMSG conﬁguration group All message output is additionally subject to the protoco...

Страница 13: ...he description of the antStatus and antPower ﬁelds 3 In addition any changes in the status of the antenna supervisor are reported to the host interface as ANTSTATUS in NMEA notice messages ANTSTATUS Description OFF Antenna is oﬀ ON Antenna is on DONTKNOW Antenna power status is not known Table 5 Antenna power status 2 1 7 High performance navigation update rate conﬁguration The navigation update r...

Страница 14: ...es with sequence of bytes B5 62 05 01 02 00 06 41 4F 78 4 Set the device reset to a hardware reset Power the device oﬀ and on or send the UBX CFG RST message to the device The higher clock setting is applied at startup 5 To verify that the conﬁguration item is correctly set send the following sequence to the receiver B5 62 06 8B 14 00 00 04 00 00 01 00 A4 40 03 00 A4 40 05 00 A4 40 0A 00 A4 40 4C ...

Страница 15: ...e Large Wrist 9000 30 20 Altitude and velocity Medium Table 8 Dynamic platform model details Applying dynamic platform models designed for high acceleration systems e g airborne 2g can result in a higher standard deviation in the reported position If a sanity check against a limit of the dynamic platform model fails then the position solution becomes invalid Table 8 shows the types of sanity check...

Страница 16: ...ot marked as valid should not be used UBX NAV STATUS message also reports whether a ﬁx is valid in the gpsFixOK ﬂag These messages have only been retained for backwards compatibility and it is recommended to use the UBX NAV PVT message 2 2 4 Odometer ﬁlters 2 2 4 1 Speed 3D low pass ﬁlter The CFG ODO OUTLPVEL conﬁguration item activates a speed 3D low pass ﬁlter The output of the speed low pass ﬁl...

Страница 17: ...his reduces the position wander caused by environmental factors such as multi path and improves position accuracy especially in stationary applications By default static hold mode is disabled The CFG MOT GNSSSPEED_THRS conﬁguration item deﬁnes the static hold speed threshold If the speed drops below the deﬁned Static Hold Threshold static hold mode is activated Once static hold mode is active the ...

Страница 18: ...accuracy for example with bad signals or if the absolute speed value is very low under 0 1 m s then the course over ground value becomes inaccurate too In this case the course over ground value is frozen that is the previous value is kept and its accuracy degrades over time These frozen values will not be output in the NMEA messages NMEA RMC and NMEA VTG unless the NMEA protocol is explicitly conﬁ...

Страница 19: ...FG NAVSPG SIGATTCOMP In the case of the conﬁgured mode the user should input the maximum C N0 observed in a clear sky environment excluding any outliers or unusually high values Choose the conﬁgured value carefully as it can have a large impact on the receiver performance 2 3 OTP memory conﬁguration MAX M10M contains a one time programmable OTP memory This is a non volatile memory for storing conﬁ...

Страница 20: ...T NMEA GGA NMEA GLL NMEA RMC and NMEA GNS The UBX NAV SBAS message provides detailed information about which corrections are available and applied Refer to the interface description 3 for a detailed description of the messages The most important SBAS feature for accuracy improvement is the ionosphere correction parameters The measured data from regional Ranging and Integrity Monitoring Stations RI...

Страница 21: ...y restrict the number of available signals SBAS integrity information is required for at least ﬁve GPS satellites If this condition is not met SBAS integrity data will not be applied When the receiver switches from a solution using correction data to a standard position solution the reference frame of the output position will switch from that of the correction data to that of the standard position...

Страница 22: ...ion interfaces and PIOs MAX M10M supports communication over UART and I2C interfaces for communication with a host CPU Each protocol can be enabled on several interfaces at the same time with individual settings for for example baud rate message rates and so on In MAX M10M several protocols can be enabled on a single interface at the same time 3 2 1 UART MAX M10M supports a Universal Asynchronous ...

Страница 23: ...retching time is 20 ms The SCL and SDA pins have internal pull up resistors which should be suﬃcient for most applications However depending on the clock speed of the host and the capacitive load on the I2C lines additional external pull up resistors may be necessary The higher the speed and the capacitance load the lower the pull up resistor needs to be To poll or set the I2C address use the CFG ...

Страница 24: ...gic low for write access are clocked onto the bus by the master transmitter The receiver answers with an acknowledge logic low to indicate that it recognizes the address Next the 8 bit address of the register to be read must be written to the bus 0xFD for u blox receivers Following the receiver s acknowledgment the master again triggers a start condition and writes the device address but this time...

Страница 25: ...m If the master does not read data from the receiver for a certain timeout the receiver assumes that the communication is broken and stops the data stream preventing an overﬂow of the output buﬀer This timeout is 1 5 seconds by default However it can be extended by setting the CFG I2C EXTENDEDTIMEOUT conﬁguration item to true see the MAX M10M interface description 3 By disabling the timeout the re...

Страница 26: ...h the CFG I2C ENABLED conﬁguration key if I2C pins are used for antenna supervisor functions 3 2 3 1 RESET_N MAX M10M provides a RESET_N pin to reset the receiver The RESET_N pin is input only with an internal pull up resistor to V_IO and should be left open for normal operation Driving RESET_N low for at least 1 ms will trigger a reset of the receiver The RESET_N complies with the V_IO level and ...

Страница 27: ...tted The host application can wait on the signal instead of polling the interface The TX ready signal is enabled and assigned to a selected pin with CFG TXREADY conﬁguration items The polarity of the signal active low or active high and the threshold for amount of bytes in the buﬀer must also be conﬁgured When the number of bytes in the buﬀer reaches the threshold the TX ready signal becomes activ...

Страница 28: ...ated CFG HW_ANT_ conﬁguration items The active antenna status can be determined by polling the UBX MON RF message or checking the NMEA notice messages If an antenna is connected the initial state after power up is Active Antenna OK in the UBX MON RF message Features Three pin Two pin Short detection Yes Yes Open detection Yes No External components Discrete and IC Discrete and IC Number of PIOs ne...

Страница 29: ...iﬁcation Part Description C14 Filtering capacitor L3 DC infeed inductor T1 T2 p channel n channel MOSFET acting as a switch to control the antenna supply U6 Comparator op amp U7 U8 Open drain buﬀers to shift voltage levels R7 Passive pull up to control T1 R8 Current limiter in the event of a short circuit R5 Deﬁnes the threshold of the comparator R6 Deﬁnes the threshold of the comparator Table 16 ...

Страница 30: ...tenna can be supplied by VCC_RF or an external supply Note that the supply voltage must be clean as any noise could directly couple into the RF part of the GNSS receiver aﬀecting the overall GNSS performance Refer to Reference designs for antenna supervisor examples and the required conﬁguration Figure 11 presents the required two pin antenna supervisor circuit and subsequent sections describe how...

Страница 31: ...ANTSUPERV AC indicates that antenna control is activated 3 3 1 4 Antenna short detection ANT_SHORT_N Enable the antenna short detection by setting the conﬁguration item CFG HW ANT_CFG_SHORTDET to true 1 Result UBX MON RF Antenna status OK Antenna power status ON ANT_OFF_N active low to disable an external antenna Therefore the pin is pulled high to enable an external antenna ANT_SHORT_N active low...

Страница 32: ...enabled to be pulled low if a SHORT is detected Startup message at power up if the conﬁguration is stored GNTXT 01 01 02 ANTSUPERV AC SD PDoS SR 3E GNTXT 01 01 02 ANTSTATUS INIT 3B GNTXT 01 01 02 ANTSTATUS OK 25 ANTSUPERV AC SD PDoS SR indicates short circuit recovery added SR If short circuit is detected ANT_SHORT_N pulled low GNTXT 01 01 02 ANTSTATUS SHORT 73 UBX MON RF Antenna status SHORT Ante...

Страница 33: ...drawn from the active antenna OPEN Antenna is not detected That is little or no current is drawn from the active antenna OK Antenna is detected and no short is detected Table 18 Available antenna detection status Status Description DON T KNOW CFG HW ANT_VOLTCTRL not conﬁgured OFF GNSS OFF or a short is detected and CFG HW ANT_PWRDOWN is enabled Note that this status also applies when GNSS is resta...

Страница 34: ...ient number of satellites with valid ephemeris the receiver can calculate position and velocity data Other GNSS receiver manufacturers call this the Factory startup mode Warm start in the warm start mode the receiver has approximate information for time position and coarse satellite position data Almanac In this mode the receiver normally needs to download ephemeris after power up before it can ca...

Страница 35: ...the GNSS satellites Some security functions monitor and detect threats and report them to the host system Other functions mitigate threats and allow the receiver to operate normally 3 5 1 Conﬁguration locking The receiver conﬁguration can be locked so that further changes are no longer possible The conﬁguration can be locked by setting the conﬁguration item CFG SEC CFG_LOCK to true This item can b...

Страница 36: ...n and phases with low or almost no system activity backup sleep In cyclic tracking the receiver does not shut down completely between ﬁxes but uses low power tracking instead In PSMOO mode the RAM memory is cleared during the oﬀ periods Consequently store the conﬁguration in the BBR memory to maintain the settings GPS GLONASS BeiDou B1I Galileo and QZSS signals are supported in power save mode Bei...

Страница 37: ...e g no sky view it will transition to the Inactive for search state after the timeout conﬁgured in MAXACQTIME User conﬁgurable mechanisms MINACQTIME is the minimum time that the receiver will spend in the Acquisition state MINACQTIME is applicable only when no or very poor GNSS signal is available MAXACQTIME is the maximum time that the receiver will spend in the Acquisition state DONOTENTEROFF fo...

Страница 38: ...er to enter the POT state as soon as possible In the POT state the receiver continues to output position ﬁxes according to the CFG RATE If the signal becomes weak or is lost during the POT state the Tracking state is entered Once the signal is good again and the newly started ONTIME is over the receiver will re enter the POT state If the receiver cannot get a position ﬁx in the Tracking state it e...

Страница 39: ...king state In PSMCT the receiver can in addition be in the POT state When EXTINT is set low the receiver will continue with its conﬁgured behavior Enabling EXTINTBACKUP forces the receiver to enter Inactive states for as long as the EXTINT pin is held low until the next wakeup event Any wakeup event can wake up the receiver even if the EXTINT pin is held low In this case the receiver only wakes up...

Страница 40: ...eriod For short update periods in the range of a few seconds cyclic tracking should be conﬁgured For long update periods in the range of minutes or longer only use on oﬀ operation See section On Oﬀ mode and Cyclic tracking for more information on the two modes of operation POSUPDATEPERIOD ACQPERIOD The update period POSUPDATEPERIOD speciﬁes the time between successive position ﬁxes If no position ...

Страница 41: ... will force the receiver to stay in the Acquisition state until the time is known to be within the conﬁgured limits then it will transition to the Tracking state Take into account that enabling WAITTIMEFIX will delay the transition from the Acquisition state to the Tracking state by at least two extra seconds The quality of the position ﬁxes can also be conﬁgured by setting the limits in the CFG N...

Страница 42: ... the backup domain BBR and RTC to allow better TTFF accuracy availability and power consumption at the next startup compared with a cold start As V_IO is not supplied the PIOs cannot be driven by an external host processor If driving of the PIOs cannot be avoided buﬀers are required for isolating the PIOs 3 6 3 2 Software standby mode Software standby mode is entered using the UBX RXM PMREQ messag...

Страница 43: ...erent time bases as each GNSS has its own reference system time What is more although each GNSS provides a model for converting their system time into UTC they all support a slightly diﬀerent variant of UTC So for example GPS supports a variant of UTC as deﬁned by the US National Observatory while BeiDou uses UTC from the National Time Service Center China NTSC While the diﬀerent UTC variants are ...

Страница 44: ... oscillator is not as stable as the atomic clocks to which GNSS systems are referenced and consequently clock bias tends to accumulate However when selecting the next navigation epoch the receiver always tries to use the 1 kHz clock tick which it estimates to be closest to the desired ﬁx period as measured in GNSS system time Consequently the number of 1 kHz clock ticks between ﬁxes occasionally v...

Страница 45: ...o contains additional ﬁelds that indicate the validity and accuracy in UBX NAV PVT of the calculated times see also the GNSS times section below for further messages containing time information 3 7 5 Time validity Information about the validity of the time solution is given in the following form Time validity Information about time validity is provided in the valid ﬂags e g validDate and validTime...

Страница 46: ...ays months or even years will have been rounded up Therefore some or all of them must be adjusted in order to get the correct time and date Thus in an extreme example the UTC time 23 59 59 9993 on 31st December 2011 would be reported as year 2012 month 1 day 1 hour 0 min 0 sec 0 nano 700000 Of course if a resolution of one hundredth of a second is adequate negative nano values can simply be rounde...

Страница 47: ...information transmitted by GLONASS BeiDou and Galileo to be unambiguous and where necessary uses this information to resolve any ambiguity in the GPS date If the receiver is connected to a simulator be aware that GPS time is referenced to 6th January 1980 GLONASS to 1st January 1996 Galileo to 22nd August 1999 and BeiDou to 1st January 2006 the receiver cannot be expected to work reliably with sig...

Страница 48: ...ng edge indicator time source validity number of marks and an accuracy estimate Only the last rising and falling edge detected between two epochs is reported since the output rate of the UBX TIM TM2 message corresponds to the measurement rate conﬁgured with CFG RATE MEAS see Figure 15 below Figure 15 Time mark 3 9 Time pulse The receiver includes a time pulse feature providing clock pulses with co...

Страница 49: ...ing applications it is recommended to calibrate the antenna cable delay against a reference timing source To get the best timing accuracy with the antenna a ﬁxed and accurate position is needed If relative time accuracy between multiple receivers is required do not mix receivers of diﬀerent product families If this is required the receivers must be calibrated accordingly by setting cable delay and...

Страница 50: ...set to use another setting in locked mode pulse length ratio Length or duty cycle of the generated pulse speciﬁes either time or ratio for the pulse to be on oﬀ pulse length ratio lock Length or duty cycle of the generated pulse for locked mode In use as soon as the receiver has calculated a valid time from a received signal Only used if the corresponding item is set to use another setting in lock...

Страница 51: ...rformance of the receiver restart Estimate of GNSS time can be maintained by a real time clock or it can be provided to the receiver by the host Estimate of the clock drift of the receiver local oscillator or an external reference frequency can also be provided to improve the startup performance 3 10 1 Real time clock The receiver contains a real time clock RTC The RTC section is located in the ba...

Страница 52: ... frequency from satellite transmissions A stable external reference frequency can be used to speed up receiver testing in production test setup The host system may also be able to provide the reference frequency to improve the cold start speed 3 10 4 Clock drift assistance Estimate of the clock drift of the local oscillator can also be fetched from the receiver using the UBX NAV CLOCK message This...

Страница 53: ...in one dimension for PL It is not speciﬁed as a horizontal 2D or 3D value The protection level values UBX NAV PL plPos1 2 3 are conﬁdence intervals around the reported position for example UBX NAV PVT or UBX NAV HPPOSLLH The target misleading information risk is provided in exponential notation UBX NAV PL tmirCoeﬀ and UBX NAV PL tmirExp for example UBX NAV PL tmirCoeﬀ 5 and UBX NAV PL tmirExp 0 re...

Страница 54: ...these cases must be checked Only if the PL is set to valid UBX NAV PL plPosValid the PL values UBX NAV PL plPos1 2 3 can be used and are reliable with respect to the target misleading information risk 3 12 Multiple GNSS assistance MGA The u blox AssistNow services provide a proprietary implementation of an A GNSS protocol compatible with u blox GNSS receivers The MGA services consist of AssistNow ...

Страница 55: ...k to the receiver when it has been restarted See the description of the UBX MGA DBD messages in the MAX M10M interface description 3 for more information 3 12 3 AssistNow oﬄine AssistNow Oﬄine is a feature that combines special ﬁrmware in u blox receivers and a proprietary service run by u blox It is targeted at receivers that only have occasional internet access and so cannot use AssistNow Online...

Страница 56: ... value key value The following rules apply The order of keys is not important Keys and values are case sensitive Keys and values must be separated by an equals character Key value pairs must be separated by semicolons If a value contains a list each item in the list must be separated by a comma The following table describes the keys that are supported Key name Unit range Necessity Description toke...

Страница 57: ...er than none at all as this helps to lower the TTFF 3 12 3 3 Host based AssistNow Oﬄine Host based AssistNow Oﬄine involves AssistNow Oﬄine data being stored until it is needed by the host system in whatever memory it has available The host system must download the data from the AssistNow Oﬄine service when an internet connection is available but retain it until the time the u blox receiver needs ...

Страница 58: ... The AssistNow Autonomous feature is disabled by default It can be enabled using the CFG ANA USE_ANA conﬁguration item 3 12 4 1 Concept The ﬁgure below illustrates the AssistNow Autonomous concept in a graphical way Note that the ﬁgure is a qualitative illustration and is not to scale A broadcast ephemeris downloaded from the satellite is a precise representation of a part for GPS nominally four h...

Страница 59: ...re The CFG ANA USE_ANA item is used to enable or disable the AssistNow Autonomous feature When enabled the receiver will automatically produce AssistNow Autonomous data for newly received broadcast ephemerides and if that data is available automatically provide the navigation subsystem with orbits when necessary and adequate The CFG ANA conﬁguration group also allows for a conﬁguration of the maxi...

Страница 60: ...hold by setting the maximum acceptable modeled orbit error in meters Note that this number does not reﬂect the true orbit error introduced by extending the ephemeris It is a statistical value that represents a certain expected upper limit based on a number of parameters A rough approximation that relates the maximum extension time to this setting is maxError m maxAge d f where the factor f is 30 f...

Страница 61: ... more reliable orbit predictions for each satellite This way the autonomous prediction can provide performance improvements if the oﬄine data becomes old or gets outdated 3 13 Data batching 3 13 1 Introduction The data batching feature allows position ﬁxes to be stored in the RAM of the receiver to be retrieved later in one batch Batching of position ﬁxes happens independently of the host system a...

Страница 62: ...OG RETRIEVEBATCH message is sent the receiver transmits all batched ﬁxes It is recommended to send a retrieval request with sendMonFirst set This way the receiver will send a UBX MON BATCH message ﬁrst that contains the number of ﬁxes in the batching buﬀer This information can be used to detect when the u blox receiver ﬁnishes sending data Once retrieval has started the receiver will ﬁrst send UBX...

Страница 63: ...ult settings these messages contain measurement data only for a small number of satellites The raw measurement messages are enabled with the conﬁguration keys in the CFG MSGOUT conﬁguration group For example setting the conﬁguration key CFG MSGOUT UBX_RXM_MEAS50_UART1 to value 1 with UBX CFG VALSET message enables output of the UBX RXM MEAS50 message in the UART1 port for each navigation epoch The...

Страница 64: ...pply is removed 4 1 2 V_IO V_IO supplies all the digital IOs clock and the backup domain The current drawn at V_IO depends on the activity and loading of the PIOs and the main oscillator A power interruption at V_IO will erase the battery backed RAM BBR unless there is an external supply connected to V_BCKP V_IO allows two voltage ranges 1 8 V or 3 3 V operation For 1 8 V designs the VIO_SEL pin m...

Страница 65: ...t the voltage output at VCC_RF VCC 0 1 V Note that the maximum supply tolerance is 1 8 V 2 To enter hardware backup mode set the receiver to software standby mode with the UBX RXM PMREQ message before switching oﬀ V_IO and VCC 3 1 8 1 8 3 3 5 0 VCC and V_IO are supplied independently V_IO is supplied with an accurate 1 8 V supply VCC can be either supplied with 1 8 V 3 3 V or 5 0 V See Figure 23 f...

Страница 66: ... than the GNSS signal itself One reason is that the frequency band above 1 GHz is not well regulated with regards to EMI and even if permitted signal levels are much higher than the GNSS signal power In particular all types of digital equipment such as PCs digital cameras LCD screens etc tend to emit a broad frequency spectrum up to several GHz of frequency Also wireless transmitters may generate ...

Страница 67: ...xt to the chart the center frequency span and resolution values set for the spectrum and the PGA value are also displayed The PGA value represents the internal gain set by the receiver which depends on the external ampliﬁcation of the GNSS input signal The vertical discontinuous lines in the chart area represent the oﬀset to the center frequency in MHz This helps to estimate the frequency of any s...

Страница 68: ...lected based on the GNSS performance and RF immunity requirements for the application Alternatively a passive antenna directly connected to the RF input can be used for a lowest cost solution with moderate GNSS performance The RF input is matched to 50 Ω and includes a built in DC block Refer to the Block diagram for an overview of the RF front end 4 3 1 Internal LNA modes The internal LNA in the ...

Страница 69: ...nal level modulation and bandwidth of the signal Figure 26 shows a typical out of band immunity level for the MAX M10M RF input The internal LNA is in normal gain mode default The measurement is done at room temperature using a test signal with 64QAM modulation and 10 MHz bandwidth similar to an LTE signal If the out of band immunity limit is exceeded it is recommended to verify that the receiver ...

Страница 70: ...o be considered in ﬁlter selection The type and number of ﬁlters are selected based on the estimated interference level and the immunity of the receiver RF interference from other parts of the design is more diﬃcult to estimate One option is to measure the interference level at the receiver input using a spectrum analyzer Interference within the design is primarily a problem at the receiver in ban...

Страница 71: ...isy digital supply currents running through its GND plane Make sure that critical RF circuits are clearly separated from any other digital circuits on the system board To achieve this position the receiver digital part towards the digital section of the system PCB and place the RF section and antenna as far away as possible from the other digital circuits on the board Keep at least a 5 mm distance...

Страница 72: ...the ground plane around should be ﬁlled with GND vias Be careful when placing the receiver in proximity to circuitry that can emit heat Temperature sensitive components inside the module like TCXOs and crystals are sensitive to sudden changes in ambient temperature which can adversely impact satellite signal tracking Sources can include co located power devices cooling fans or thermal conduction v...

Страница 73: ...mm pitch and are 0 8 mm wide except the 4 pads at each corner pin 1 9 10 and 18 that are only 0 7 mm Figure 30 and Figure 31 describe the footprint and provide recommendations for the paste mask Note that the copper and solder masks have the same size and position UBX 22038241 R02 4 Hardware integration Page 73 of 92 C1 Public ...

Страница 74: ...s of the paste mask to form a T shape or equivalent extending beyond the copper mask Recommended stencil thickness is 150 µm Figure 31 Recommended paste mask pattern for MAX M10M These are only recommendations and not speciﬁcations The exact geometry distances stencil thicknesses and solder paste volumes must be adapted to the customer s speciﬁc production processes for example soldering UBX 22038...

Страница 75: ...for example patch antenna 10 pF coax cable 50 80 pF m or soldering iron To prevent electrostatic discharge through the RF input do not touch any exposed antenna area If there is any risk that such exposed antenna area is touched in a non ESD protected work area implement proper ESD protection measures in the design When soldering RF connectors and patch antennas to the receiver s RF pin make sure ...

Страница 76: ...d on reel type as speciﬁed in the u blox Packaging information reference 4 5 2 2 Tapes Figure 32 shows the feed direction and illustrates the orientation of the components on the tape Figure 32 Orientation of the components on the tape Pin 1 is indicated by the u blox logo The feed direction into the pick and place pick up is from the reel located on the left of the ﬁgure towards right and the tap...

Страница 77: ...information reference 4 5 3 Soldering Reﬂow soldering procedures are described in the IPC JEDEC J STD 020 standard When populating the modules make sure that the pick and place machine is aligned to the copper pins of the module and not to the module edge Soldering paste Use of no clean soldering paste is highly recommended as it does not require cleaning after the soldering process The paste in t...

Страница 78: ...rformed excessively ﬁne balls and large balls will be generated in clusters End temperature 150 200 C If the temperature is too low non melting tends to be caused in areas containing large heat capacity Heating reﬂow phase The temperature rises above the liquidus temperature of 217 C Avoid a sudden rise in temperature as the slump of the paste could become worse Limit time above 217 C liquidus tem...

Страница 79: ... module in particular the quartz oscillators The best approach is to use a no clean soldering paste to eliminate the cleaning step after the soldering Repeated reﬂow soldering Repeated reﬂow soldering processes or soldering the module upside down are not recommended A board that is populated with components on both sides may require more than one reﬂow soldering cycle In such a case the process sh...

Страница 80: ... Such actions will immediately void the warranty Conformal coating Certain applications employ a conformal coating of the PCB using HumiSeal or other related coating products These materials aﬀect the RF properties of the GNSS module Conformal coating of the module will void the warranty Casting will void the warranty Use of ultrasonic processes Some components on the module are sensitive to ultra...

Страница 81: ... lower than in MAX M8C Check the backup battery capacity if it is still suitable for the target design requirements Pin out 1 1 pin out mapping with MAX M8Q C modules but not with MAX M8W HW change is required for MAX M8W designs that use V_ANT pin 13 to supply an active antenna SAFEBOOT_N TIMEPULSE The SAFEBOOT_N pin is internally connected to TIMEPULSE pin through a 1 kΩ series resistor Do not d...

Страница 82: ...nce comparison 1 A 2 Software changes Table 34 presents a summary of the key software related changes between u blox M10 and u blox M8 Feature Change Action needed Remarks Signals Default GNSS conﬁguration MAX M10M GPS Galileo QZSS and SBAS MAX M8Q C W GPS GLONASS QZSS and SBAS Code change optional BeiDou B1C New signal BeiDou satellite IDs up to 63 supported Cannot be used simultaneously with Bei...

Страница 83: ...e changed PSMCT 4 Hz navigation rate not supported PSMCT period is conﬁgured with CFG RATE conﬁguration group BeiDou B1C not supported in power save modes Code change new conﬁguration messages Altitude limit The maximum altitude limit increased to 80 000 m Features AssistNow Simultaneous operation of AssistNow Online Oﬄine and Autonomous New AssistNow Oﬄine data download options are available The ...

Страница 84: ...typical design VCC and V_IO are connected together to a single supply In designs with 3 3 V supply the VIO_SEL pin must be left open as shown in Figure 36 In designs with 1 8 V supply the VIO_SEL pin must be connected to GND as shown in Figure 37 V_BCKP supply is optional If present the hardware backup mode is supported This mode maintains the time and GNSS orbit data in the battery backed RAM mem...

Страница 85: ...MAX M10M Integration manual Figure 36 Typical 3 3 V design UBX 22038241 R02 Appendix Page 85 of 92 C1 Public ...

Страница 86: ...e antenna can be supplied with the VCC_RF output from MAX M10M or from an external supply VCC_RF is a ﬁltered output voltage supply which outputs VCC 0 1 V In addition the active antenna supply can be turned on oﬀ by the LNA_EN signal External open drain buﬀers and operational ampliﬁers are also needed depending on whether a 2 pin or 3 pin antenna supervisor design is used UART and I2C communicati...

Страница 87: ...ue default no conﬁguration required CFG HW ANT_SUP_SWITCH_PIN 7 default no conﬁguration required CFG HW ANT_CFG_SHORTDET 1 true CFG HW ANT_CFG_SHORTDET_POL 0 false CFG HW ANT_SUP_SHORT_PIN 5 CFG HW ANT_CFG_PWRDOWN 1 true CFG HW ANT_CFG_PWRDOWN_POL 0 false default no conﬁguration required CFG HW ANT_CFG_RECOVER 1 true Table 35 Conﬁguration for the 2 pin antenna supervisor design UBX 22038241 R02 Ap...

Страница 88: ...P_SWITCH_PIN 7 default no conﬁguration required CFG HW ANT_CFG_SHORTDET 1 true CFG HW ANT_CFG_SHORTDET_POL 0 false CFG HW ANT_SUP_SHORT_PIN 3 CFG HW ANT_CFG_OPENDET 1 true CFG HW ANT_CFG_OPENDET_POL 1 true default no conﬁguration required CFG HW ANT_SUP_OPEN_PIN 2 CFG HW ANT_CFG_PWRDOWN 1 true CFG HW ANT_CFG_PWRDOWN_POL 0 false default no conﬁguration required CFG HW ANT_CFG_RECOVER 1 true Table 3...

Страница 89: ...rd resistors C 3 Inductors Table 39 presents the recommended inductor values for MAX M10M Name Use Type Value Recommended component L3 RF Bias T inductor 27 nH 5 Murata LQG15H LQW15A series Johanson Technology L 07W series Any other inductor with impedance 500 Ω at GNSS frequency and current rating above 300 mA Table 39 Recommended inductors C 4 Operational ampliﬁer Name Manufacturer Order no U6 L...

Страница 90: ...X 22001426 3 u blox M10 SPG 5 10 Interface description UBX 21035062 4 u blox Packaging information reference UBX 14001652 For regular updates to u blox documentation and to receive product change notiﬁcations please register on our homepage https www u blox com UBX 22038241 R02 Related documents Page 90 of 92 C1 Public ...

Страница 91: ...ments R01 12 Jan 2023 imar jesk mban msul rmak Initial release R02 01 Jun 2023 msul imar rmak mban Added sections BeiDou B1I and B1C signals High performance navigation update rate conﬁguration OTP memory conﬁguration UBX 22038241 R02 Revision history Page 91 of 92 C1 Public ...

Страница 92: ...M Integration manual Contact u blox AG Address Zürcherstrasse 68 8800 Thalwil Switzerland For further support and contact information visit us at www u blox com support UBX 22038241 R02 Page 92 of 92 C1 Public ...

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