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Troxler Enhanced RoadReader Plus 3451, Руководство по эксплуатации и инструкции

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Model 3451 

Appendix A–1 

 

APPENDIX A 

 

RADIATION THEORY AND SAFETY 

 
 
 

 

This appendix is required reading for anyone who will use the 
Troxler Model 3451 RoadReader Plus. This appendix covers topics 
related to radiation theory and the safe operation of the gauge. A 
brief overview of the regulatory requirements related to the 
ownership and use of the gauge, as well as a listing of radiation 
safety-related warnings and cautions, is included. 

 

CONTENTS 

Radiation Theory ......................................................................... A–2 

Atomic Structure ................................................................... A–2 
Radioactivity ......................................................................... A–3 
Types of Radiation ................................................................ A–4 

 

Radiation Safety ........................................................................... A–5 

Radiation Dose ...................................................................... A–5 
Limiting Exposure ................................................................. A–6 
Personnel Monitoring ............................................................ A–8 
Source Encapsulation ............................................................ A–8 
Source Rod Inspection .......................................................... A–9 
Daily Inspection .................................................................. A–10 
Cleaning the Tungsten Blocks ..............................................A–11 
Leak Testing ........................................................................ A–13 

 

Regulatory Requirements .......................................................... A–14 

Licensing ..............................................................................A–14 
Training ............................................................................... A–14 
Disposal ............................................................................... A–15 
Emergency Procedures ........................................................ A–15 

 

Gauge Use Precautions .............................................................. A–17 

 

3451 Radiation Profile ................................................................A–18 

   

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Содержание Enhanced RoadReader Plus 3451

Страница 1: ...e also that the gauge must be positioned such that the GPS receiver can receive signals from the GPS satellites see page 1 5 for more information If the GPS does not initialize within 45 minutes conta...

Страница 2: ...ories Inc Bluetooth is a registered trademark of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group SIG Federal Express is a registered trademark of the Federal Express Corporation Intermec is a registered trademar...

Страница 3: ...er it appears in this manual or on safety signs affixed to the machine this is to make all aware of the potential for personal injury and to be cautious when these images are present Always observe al...

Страница 4: ...2807 Fax 407 681 3188 Texas Service Center 2016 East Randol Mill Road Suite 406 Arlington TX 76011 Fax 817 275 8562 Illinois Service Center 1430 Brook Drive Downers Grove IL 60515 Fax 630 261 9341 Nor...

Страница 5: ...inues the proven technology of its 3400 Series surface moisture density gauges with the Troxler Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus The Model 3451 Manual of Operation and Instruction contains informat...

Страница 6: ...utton or character number or letter to press on the handheld personal digital assistant PDA or on the keyboard of a personal computer PC when using the Data Manager software provided with the gauge Fo...

Страница 7: ...Model 3451 vii NOTES...

Страница 8: ...ARTED Model 3451 Illustration 3 3 Source Rod Positions 3 5 Before Using the Gauge and PDA 3 6 Turning the Gauge and PDA On 3 8 Troxler Menu 3 10 RoadReader Plus Main Menu 3 16 Project Files 3 19 Statu...

Страница 9: ...adiation Safety A 5 Regulatory Requirements A 14 Gauge Use Precautions A 17 3451 Radiation Profile A 18 APPENDIX B 3451 SPECIFICATIONS Measurement Specifications B 2 Radiological Specifications B 5 El...

Страница 10: ...S Shipping Requirements D 2 Canadian Shipping Requirements D 5 APPENDIX E STANDARD COUNT LOG APPENDIX F UNIT CONVERSION Measurement Units F 2 Radiological Units F 2 APPENDIX G SPECIAL EUROPEAN CONSIDE...

Страница 11: ...18 3 12 Project Menu 3 20 3 13 New Project Setup Wizard Page 1 3 20 3 14 Project File Selector 3 22 3 15 Project Data Display 3 22 3 16 Project Erase Prompt 3 23 3 17 Gauge Tools Menu 3 24 3 18 Gauge...

Страница 12: ...Leak Test Interval Menu 5 12 5 13 Leak Test Date Menu 5 13 5 14 Target Menus 5 15 5 15 Proctor Value Menu 5 15 5 16 Input Proctor Value Display 5 16 5 17 Proctor File Selector 5 17 6 1 Offset Menu 6 3...

Страница 13: ...Erase Prompt 6 25 6 28 Input Number of Averages 6 27 7 1 Data Manager Main Menu 7 5 7 2 Manage a Project Menu 7 6 7 3 Connect PDA to PC Prompt 7 8 7 4 View a Project Display 7 8 7 5 Project Data Spre...

Страница 14: ...2 Stat Test Menu C 3 C 3 View Stat Counts C 4 C 4 Stat Test Results C 4 C 5 Review Stat Test C 4 C 6 Drift Test Menu C 6 C 7 View Drift Counts C 7 C 8 Drift Test Results C 7 C 9 Review Drift Test C 7...

Страница 15: ...xiv LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 1 1 GPS Position Accuracy 1 7 A 1 Radiation Profile for Model 3451 Gauge A 19...

Страница 16: ...ains functions that require an ACCESS CODE This code must be entered before these functions may be used The ACCESS CODE for this gauge is 4012 This page should be removed if the access code is not to...

Страница 17: ...xvi NOTES...

Страница 18: ...der Plus as well as an explanation of the global positioning system GPS This chapter also includes a list of the gauge parts and accessories and instructions for unpacking and inspecting the gauge CON...

Страница 19: ...ables the Model 3451 to store precise GPS coordinates along with the standard date and time stamp for each measurement The Data Manager PDA to PC Model 3451 for Windows XP software included with the g...

Страница 20: ...te in Place by Nuclear Method ASTM D 6938 Standard Test Methods for In Place Density and Water Content of Soil and Soil Aggregate by Nuclear Methods Shallow Depth NOTE As of November 2006 ASTM D 6938...

Страница 21: ...safety information is available by attending a Troxler Nuclear Gauge Training Course Before operating the Model 3451 gauge users in European countries must refer to Appendix G for special considerati...

Страница 22: ...n back to earth A GPS receiver uses this information to determine its location To determine its latitude and longitude a GPS receiver must receive the signals from at least three satellites On average...

Страница 23: ...ent The measurement display also denotes the quality of the location fix as follows If WAAS information is available during a gauge measurement the fix quality for that measurement will be denoted as...

Страница 24: ...Position Accuracy Quality of GPS Data Accuracy Fix Quality GPS reading with WAAS Within 3 m 10 ft DGPS fix GPS reading without WAAS Within 15 m 50 ft GPS fix No GPS reading N A Latitude and longitude...

Страница 25: ...rement standard for standard counts It is also used during stability and drift tests 5 The Scraper Plate Drill Rod Guide is used to prepare the test site and to guide the drill rod when preparing the...

Страница 26: ...422 3451 REFERENCE STANDARD BLOCK PN 107830 DRILL ROD PN 100421 EXTRACTION TOOL PN 103680 1000 SERIAL CABLE PN 110708 GAUGE TO PC SCRAPER PLATE DRILL ROD GUIDE PN 107795 Note Images not to scale Figur...

Страница 27: ...E INTERMEC 700 SERIES MOBILE COMPUTER PDA PN 110687 UNIVERSAL AC ADAPTER PN 110691 AC POWER CORD PN 110690 FOR PDA DC AUTO ADAPTER PN 110692 FOR PDA SERIAL CABLE ASSEMBLY PN 110693 PDA to PC Note Imag...

Страница 28: ...g instructions and regulations please see Appendix D NOTE Charge the 3451 batteries for 2 5 hours prior to initial use Install the PDA battery pack and charge the PDA as directed in the Quick Start Gu...

Страница 29: ...1 12 NOTES...

Страница 30: ...Troxler Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus The direct transmission and backscatter modes of operation are illustrated along with an explanation of the cesium 137 source americium 241 beryllium source...

Страница 31: ...number of photons that reach the Geiger Mueller G M detectors in the base of the gauge Thus the number of photons reaching the detectors is inversely related to the density of the material the higher...

Страница 32: ...ly to the amount of hydrogen in the material Using the gauge calibration the gauge software converts the helium 3 detector counts to a moisture content Note that the helium 3 detector is in the same p...

Страница 33: ...2 4 Figure 2 1 Effect of Moisture on Depth of Measurement...

Страница 34: ...same plane Both System 1 and System 2 tube sets will primarily detect photons that have been scattered by the material as described in the Density theory of operation see page 2 2 However due to its...

Страница 35: ...average soil or if the material composition varies from average soil asphalt Perform a moisture offset if the test material contains hydrogenous materials other than water or materials that absorb ne...

Страница 36: ...how to check the gauge status CONTENTS Model 3451 Illustrations 3 3 Source Rod Positions 3 5 Before Using the Gauge and PDA 3 6 Turning the Gauge and PDA On 3 8 Troxler Menu 3 10 Notes 3 10 Calculator...

Страница 37: ...3 2 CONTENTS Continued Status 3 24 View Status 3 25 View Constants 3 25 Gauge Temperature 3 26 Battery Status 3 26 Source Decay 3 27 GPS Location 3 28...

Страница 38: ...el 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus referred to throughout this chapter and the remainder of the manual Figure 3 2 is a detailed view of the gauge back panel TRIGGER INDEX ROD DEPTH INDICATOR STRIP SOURC...

Страница 39: ...3 4 Figure 3 2 Back Panel Details NOTE To adjust the volume of the gauge beeper open or close the beeper s built in shutters 9 PIN SERIAL PORT W BLUETOOTH ADAPTER POWER SWITCH BEEPER CHARGER CONNECTOR...

Страница 40: ...nsmission positions the source rod extends into a pre drilled hole NOTE The source rod should always be in the SAFE position when the gauge is not in use NOTE As shown below the Model 3451 is availabl...

Страница 41: ...he PDA its battery life is approximately 6 hours Troxler recommends charging the PDA battery pack when the unit is not in use As listed below additional PDA battery packs and a battery pack charger ki...

Страница 42: ...ements listed on page 7 4 Install the Troxler Data Manager PDA to PC Model 3451 for Windows XP software as follows Refer to Chapter 7 for information on managing project data using the Data Manager so...

Страница 43: ...anel of the gauge see Figure 3 2 The internal beeper will sound to signify that the gauge is ready for use Press the power switch labeled I O located in the upper left corner of the PDA keypad The PDA...

Страница 44: ...may take as long as 30 to 45 minutes from the time the gauge is powered on with the GPS enabled Note also that the gauge must be positioned such that the GPS receiver can receive signals from the GPS...

Страница 45: ...on press the Notes button The PDA displays a Notes screen similar to that shown in Figure 3 5 This function allows the user to capture information as written or typed notes or as audio recordings For...

Страница 46: ...n press the Calculator button The PDA displays the Calculator shown in Figure 3 6 For more information on using the Calculator press the Calculator button in the upper left corner and select Help from...

Страница 47: ...n to the Troxler menu press the Back button To continue to the Windows desktop press System When prompted for a password leave the password field blank and press OK The PDA displays the Windows deskto...

Страница 48: ...ed with the PDA ActiveSync must be properly configured in order to use the Data Manager software included with the gauge If the PDA becomes completely discharged verify the ActiveSync configuration af...

Страница 49: ...ess the ok button to the ActiveSync display Press the X button to return to the Windows desktop Follow the directions on page 3 12 to return to the Troxler menu BLUETOOTH COMMUNICATION CONFIGURATION T...

Страница 50: ...scover the gauge Upon discovery the gauge will be listed in the upper Devices box Highlight the 3451 XXXX listing in the Devices box and press the Connect button The 3451 XXXX listingshould move to th...

Страница 51: ...13 and update the leak test date see page 5 13 Press the ok button to continue The software then checks the date of the last gauge calibration If the gauge is due for calibration the software displays...

Страница 52: ...E If the battery voltage falls below 5 5 V the gauge shuts off Recharge the NiMH batteries as described on page C 24 The gauge then enters a five minute warmup period which allows the baseboard electr...

Страница 53: ...mode Soil Asphalt or Thin Layer count time 15 seconds 1 minute or 4 minutes and the selected project name if any Before taking measurements read this manual carefully If you do not completely understa...

Страница 54: ...Disable Storage to Gauge check box prevents the PDA from storage measurement data to the gauge for storage following a reading The Disable Project Notes check box disables the Would you like to add pr...

Страница 55: ...r to page 5 4 Set the count time For more information see page 5 6 For thin layer mode enter the thickness of the top layer Enable any previously entered target values For more information on target v...

Страница 56: ...project data press the View button on the Project Menu see Figure 3 12 The PDA displays the Project File Selector screen shown in Figure 3 14 To select a project press the project file name twice The...

Страница 57: ...wn in Figure 3 16 Press OK to erase the project file The PDA displays Project file XXX has been erased Press ok to continue If the erased project was not previous active the PDA returns to the Project...

Страница 58: ...PDA displays The project XXX has been enabled Press ok to return to the Project Menu DISABLE PROJECT To disable the currently active project file press the Disable button on the Project Menu see Figu...

Страница 59: ...he main menu see Figure 3 11 The software displays the Gauge Tools menu shown in Figure 3 17 Press the Gauge Status button on the Gauge Tools menu to access the Gauge Status Menu see Figure 3 18 NOTE...

Страница 60: ...To scroll through the various gauge values press the scroll bar using the stylus Press the Done button to return to the Gauge Status Menu VIEW CONSTANTS The constants include the calibration constant...

Страница 61: ...the current status of the gauge s NiMH batteries press the Battery Status button on the Gauge Status Menu see Figure 3 18 The software displays the status of the batteries as shown in Figure 3 10 on...

Страница 62: ...ars The Source Decay Menu see Figure 3 21 allows the operator to view how the decrease in the radiation intensity of the source affects standard counts It displays the actual standard count the predic...

Страница 63: ...the Gauge Status Menu see Figure 3 18 The PDA queries the gauge to take a GPS reading and displays the message Collecting GPS Data Upon completion the PDA displays the gauge s GPS location as shown i...

Страница 64: ...y standard count preparing measurement sites setting the measurement mode and taking measurements CONTENTS Taking a Standard Count 4 2 Take a New Standard Count 4 3 View Standard Counts 4 6 Preparing...

Страница 65: ...standard count site The standard count site should be Dry and flat At least 3 meters 10 ft from any large vertical surface At least 10 meters 33 ft from any other radioactive source On asphalt concret...

Страница 66: ...ion and click OK Place the reference standard block on the standard count site As shown in Figure 4 2 place the gauge on the reference standard block with the right side Troxler logo side of the gauge...

Страница 67: ...rd If the standard count passes record the standard counts then press the Yes button The PDA displays the prompt Do you wish to erase the last four standard counts Press No The PDA displays Standard c...

Страница 68: ...t the standard count site meets the criteria listed on page 4 2 Take another standard count and accept it if it fails by less than 5 If the standard count fails four times perform a stat test see page...

Страница 69: ...last four standard counts press the View Counts button on the Standard Menu see Figure 4 1 The PDA displays the View Standard screen shown in Figure 4 4 Press the Done button to return to the Standard...

Страница 70: ...test material free from any large holes cracks or debris If necessary smooth the surface by moving the scraper plate in a back and forth motion Fill any voids or depressions with fine sand Strike off...

Страница 71: ...gauge is placed over the same area as the scraper plate Figure 4 6 MARK FOR SCRAPER PLATE CENTER EDGE MARKS MARK FOR DRILL ROD CENTER METHOD 1 METHOD 2 Figure 4 6 Marking the Test Area CAUTION Under n...

Страница 72: ...mode is used on concrete asphalt and soil layers approximately four inches thick Locate a smooth site on the test material Fill the voids on open mixes with sand or cement NOTE The gauge base must re...

Страница 73: ...cleaning instructions The Gauge Status Menu see page 3 24 allows the operator to view the current gauge status This feature provides a quick overview of all enabled functions mode of operation enabled...

Страница 74: ...sh down on the handle over the source rod to lock the source rod into position You should hear a click when the source rod locks into position Gently slide the gauge to the right towards the Troxler l...

Страница 75: ...To add project notes press Yes The PDA displays the Project Notes screen shown in Figure 4 7 Enter the desired notes and press Ok Troxler recommends that the information entered as project notes does...

Страница 76: ...data after taking a count it will still send the count results to the PDA and the results will be stored in the active project Lift the gauge from the test site by the source rod handle This returns t...

Страница 77: ...automatically after five hours of inactivity WARNING Do not store or transport the gauge unless the sliding block is completely closed Increased radiation levels may cause excessive personnel radiati...

Страница 78: ...press the Ok button In the Automatic depth mode the gauge software reads the depth strip on the source rod to determine the source rod depth While the gauge is taking a measurement the PDA displays th...

Страница 79: ...ilable For more information on GPS accuracy refer to page 1 5 Press the ok button to continue The PDA stores the measurement results in the active project then displays the confirmation message Asphal...

Страница 80: ...auge is raised to the SAFE position look at the bottom of the gauge to verify that the tungsten sliding block is completely closed If the gauge base opening is not completely closed by the sliding blo...

Страница 81: ...10 If no core has been removed place the gauge over the test site as shown in Figure 4 11 Prepare the test site as described on page 4 9 for a backscatter measurement Press the Take a Reading button...

Страница 82: ...ys the prompt Would you like to add project notes This enables the operator to enter project notes to be stored with the measurement results To continue without entering project notes press No To add...

Страница 83: ...ts this data to the PDA The PDA displays the averaged measurement results as shown in Figure 4 13 Press the ok button to continue NOTE If the gauge is unable to obtain GPS data after taking a count it...

Страница 84: ...taking readings always keep the source rod in the SAFE position If you do not hear a click when the gauge is raised to the SAFE position look at the bottom of the gauge to verify that the tungsten sl...

Страница 85: ...4 22 NOTES...

Страница 86: ...ng up a project file This chapter describes these parameters as well as the use of target values CONTENTS Gauge Setup Menu 5 2 View Setup 5 3 Units 5 4 Mode 5 5 Count Time 5 6 Customer Name 5 7 User C...

Страница 87: ...in Figure 5 2 To select a menu option press the button that corresponds to the option Press the Done button to return to the main menu The following sections describe the setup options NOTE Most of t...

Страница 88: ...5 3 which shows the software version gauge serial number source rod type charger and battery status count time measurement units measurement mode and depth mode To scroll through the display press the...

Страница 89: ...e PDA displays the Set Units Menu shown in Figure 5 4 The current units selection is shown at the top of the menu To select new measurement units press the corresponding button The PDA sets the new un...

Страница 90: ...When taking counts on thin layer asphalt Troxler recommends averaging four one minute readings NOTE The Model 3451 gauge can store measurements performed using different modes under a single project n...

Страница 91: ...nge the count time press the Time button on the Gauge Setup menu see page 5 2 The PDA displays the Count Time Menu shown in Figure 5 6 The current count time is displayed at the top of the menu To sel...

Страница 92: ...ess code is shown on page xv For instructions on changing the user code see page 5 9 To enter the access code use the PDA s Block Recognizer Keyboard Letter Recognizer or Transcriber functions For mor...

Страница 93: ...Keyboard Letter Recognizer or Transcriber functions For more information on these functions refer to the documentation provided with the PDA Enter the new name and press the Done button The PDA stores...

Страница 94: ...ss code using the PDA s Block Recognizer Keyboard Letter Recognizer or Transcriber functions and press the Done button For more information on these functions refer to the documentation provided with...

Страница 95: ...pth at a gauge prompt whenever taking a measurement NOTE In the Manual mode the gauge uses the source rod depth entered by the operator If the operator enters an incorrect depth the measurement result...

Страница 96: ...e leak test interval and leak test date values to determine when a leak test is due To change these values press the Leak Test button on the Gauge Setup menu see page 5 2 The PDA displays the Leak Tes...

Страница 97: ...on The PDA displays the Leak Test Interval Menu shown in Figure 5 12 The current leak test interval is displayed at the top of the menu Press the Abort button to return to the Leak Test Menu without c...

Страница 98: ...o the Leak Test Menu without changing the value To change the leak test date enter the desired date using the PDA s Block Recognizer Keyboard Letter Recognizer or Transcriber functions For more inform...

Страница 99: ...he percent compaction after it has determined the density of the test material The Target function enables the operator to enter and store a new target value as well as to view erase enable or disable...

Страница 100: ...Model 3451 5 Figure 5 14 Target Menus Figure 5 15 Proctor Value Menu Soil Mode Asphalt or Thin Layer Mode 5 SETUP TARGET MENUS...

Страница 101: ...quests a descriptive name for the target value Enter an alphanumeric name up to 20 characters for the target value and press the Ok button The name should be as descriptive as possible to ensure that...

Страница 102: ...Menu ERASE A TARGET VALUE To erase a target value stored in memory press the Erase button on the Proctor Value Menu see Figure 5 15 The PDA displays a target value selector menu as shown in Figure 5...

Страница 103: ...VALUE To disable the target value press the Disable button on the Proctor Value Menu see Figure 5 15 The PDA requests confirmation that the target value is to be disabled Press the No button to return...

Страница 104: ...ust gauge readings using offsets and how to create a special calibration CONTENTS Calibration Offset 6 2 Wet Density Offset 6 4 Moisture Offset 6 5 Trench Offset 6 12 Special Calibration 6 14 Soil Spe...

Страница 105: ...r than water or is high in neutron absorbers Examples of materials rich in hydrogen are Portland cement concrete gypsum coal or lime The moisture offset for soils containing these materials is a negat...

Страница 106: ...Model 3451 6 3 Figure 6 1 Offset Menu 6 OFFSETS CALIBRATION...

Страница 107: ...d in the box To enable the offset press Enable To disable the offset press Disable The PDA displays a confirmation message Press the ok button to return to the Wet Density Offset Select screen To ente...

Страница 108: ...et Menu see Figure 6 1 The PDA displays the Moisture Offset Select screen shown in Figure 6 4 New Moisture Offset from Gauge Reading To derive the moisture offset by first taking a moisture reading th...

Страница 109: ...ffset has been stored press the New button on the Moisture Offset Select screen The PDA displays A partial moisture offset exists Do you wish to enter the true percent moisture To enter the true moist...

Страница 110: ...soil sample from each test site at a depth of at least 8 in or the appropriate depth of measurement determined using the formulas on page 2 3 Use standard laboratory methods for example oven or microw...

Страница 111: ...larger than that which is typical the PDA displays a warning message If the derived value is within parameters the PDA requests a file name for the offset as shown in Figure 6 6 on page 6 7 Enter a de...

Страница 112: ...nd enable an offset file press the offset file name twice The PDA displays Moisture offset enabled Press ok to return to the Moisture Offset Select screen Disable Moisture Offset To disable the moistu...

Страница 113: ...ect screen see Figure 6 4 The PDA displays the Offset File Selector screen shown in Figure 6 9 To erase an offset value press the offset file name twice The PDA displays the prompt shown in Figure 6 1...

Страница 114: ...Model 3451 6 11 Figure 6 10 Moisture Offset Erase Prompt 6 OFFSETS CALIBRATION...

Страница 115: ...e displays shown in this section TMO refers to trench moisture offset TDO refers to trench density offset values one for each set of detectors To access the trench offset function press the Trench but...

Страница 116: ...PDA displays the progress of the standard count operation After the standard count is complete the PDA displays the results as shown in Figure 6 12 To enable the new trench offset press the Yes button...

Страница 117: ...repare the sample area for testing as described in Chapter 4 SOIL SPECIAL CALIBRATION The factory calibration provides accurate results for the majority of materials encountered in the field However t...

Страница 118: ...ENSITY To create a new special calibration press New at the Special Calibration Menu If no partial calibration exists the PDA displays Place the gauge on the measurement site lower the gauge to the pr...

Страница 119: ...he true density press Yes The PDA requests the true density see Figure 6 15 Enter the true density and press Ok The PDA requests a file name for the special calibration see Figure 6 16 Enter a file na...

Страница 120: ...ormation block showing the file name index rod depth and B 1000 value Press ok to return to the Special Calibration Menu Erase a Special Calibration To erase a special calibration press the Erase butt...

Страница 121: ...project was previously active the PDA displays The special calibration named XXX at index rod position X has been erased Press ok to return to the Special Calibration Menu Press Cancel to exit without...

Страница 122: ...al calibration XXX has been activated at X position Press ok to return to the Special Calibration Menu Disable a Special Calibration To disable the special calibration press the Disable button on the...

Страница 123: ...6 14 on page 6 16 or around a core site as shown in Figure 6 20 This average and the density obtained by another method such as core samples are used to re calculate the gauge constants To access the...

Страница 124: ...bration allows the operator to enter the asphalt parameters and take readings at different times MEASURING THE DENSITY To create a thin layer special calibration press the New button on the Thin Lift...

Страница 125: ...press Ok The PDA displays Place the gauge on measurement site 1 place the source rod in BS position and click OK Prepare the test site as described on page 4 9 Place the gauge on the test site Lower...

Страница 126: ...isplays the thin layer special calibration values as shown in Figure 6 24 Press ok to continue The PDA requests a file name for the special calibration see Figure 6 25 Enter a file name up to 20 chara...

Страница 127: ...6 Figure 6 25 Enter File Name Figure 6 23 Input True Density Figure 6 24 Thin Layer Special Calibration Results...

Страница 128: ...block showing the file name and calibration values Press ok to return to the Thin Lift Special Calibration menu Erase a Thin Layer Special Calibration To erase a thin layer special calibration press t...

Страница 129: ...alibration menu Enable a Thin Layer Special Calibration To enable a thin layer special calibration already stored in the gauge press the Enable button on the Thin Lift Special Calibration menu see Fig...

Страница 130: ...s have been completed the gauge calculates the average density of the test material When taking counts on thin layer asphalt Troxler recommends averaging four one minute readings see the Thin Layer Mo...

Страница 131: ...6 NOTES...

Страница 132: ...ols for retrieving and managing project data from the PDA or gauge CONTENTS Introduction 7 3 System Requirements 7 4 Minimum Hardware 7 4 Recommended Hardware 7 4 Software 7 4 Starting the Data Manage...

Страница 133: ...uration 7 12 Gauge Constants 7 12 Project Setup 7 13 Standard Counts 7 13 Project Status 7 15 Source Decay 7 15 Stat Test 7 17 Drift Test 7 17 Send to Printer 7 17 Send to File 7 17 Recover Projects 7...

Страница 134: ...lus This software includes tools for collecting project data from the PDA or gauge on a personal computer PC printing project configuration information and recovering data from the gauge in case of an...

Страница 135: ...al computer with a Pentium 300 MHz processor or better 64 MB RAM Hard disk with 10 MB of free disk space CD ROM drive VGA graphics adapter and monitor default with 256 colors or better Mouse Keyboard...

Страница 136: ...nywhere on the screen to continue The software displays the Main Menu as shown in Figure 7 1 The Data Manager program includes tools to download and manage project measurement data stored on the PDA t...

Страница 137: ...hese tools click Manage Project Data on the Main Menu see Figure 7 1 From the resulting menu see Figure 7 2 the operator can Download all projects from the PDA Select and view a downloaded project Pri...

Страница 138: ...n the PDA press the Gauge Tools button to display the Gauge Tools menu see Figure 3 17 on page 3 24 Press the Link to PC button The PDA displays Waiting for command On the computer press the OK button...

Страница 139: ...ject press the View a Project button on the Manage a Project menu The software displays a list of the projects currently stored on the computer To select a project double click its name on the list Th...

Страница 140: ...SEND PROJECT TO SPREADSHEET The Data Manager software can send data from a selected project or all projects to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet Note that this function requires that Microsoft Excel has b...

Страница 141: ...7 10 Figure 7 5 Project Data Spreadsheet...

Страница 142: ...ect Configuration button on the Main Menu see Figure 7 1 From the resulting menu see Figure 7 6 the operator can Download the active project from the PDA View the gauge calibration constants project s...

Страница 143: ...Plus main menu see Figure 3 11 The software displays the Gauge Tools menu shown in Figure 3 17 Press the Link to PC button The PDA displays Waiting for command On the computer press the OK button to...

Страница 144: ...alues To view the project configuration press the Project Setup button on the Print Active Project Menu The Data Manager software displays the active setup as shown in Figure 7 8 STANDARD COUNTS To vi...

Страница 145: ...7 14 Figure 7 8 Project Setup Display Figure 7 9 Standard Counts Display...

Страница 146: ...ngth of radioactive material is measured by its activity or rate of decay This activity decreases with time The Data Manager allows the operator to view how the decrease in the radiation intensity of...

Страница 147: ...7 16 Figure 7 10 Project Status Display Figure 7 11 Source Decay Display...

Страница 148: ...est to check the long term drift To view the results of the most recent drift test press the Drift Test button on the Print Active Project Menu As shown in Figure 7 13 the Data Manager software displa...

Страница 149: ...7 18 Figure 7 12 Stat Test Display Figure 7 13 Drift Test Display...

Страница 150: ...enu shown in Figure 7 14 From this menu the operator can download project data from the gauge to the computer print the project data and send the data to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet RECOVER PROJECTS...

Страница 151: ...the gauge During the download the computer displays Project X of XX Upon completion the computer displays Project collection complete Press OK to return to the Recover Project Menu PRINT PROJECTS To p...

Страница 152: ...uge to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet To send the data press the Send to Spreadsheet button The software launches the Microsoft Excel program then enters the project data into the spreadsheet as shown...

Страница 153: ...7 22 NOTES...

Страница 154: ...l as a listing of radiation safety related warnings and cautions is included CONTENTS Radiation Theory A 2 Atomic Structure A 2 Radioactivity A 3 Types of Radiation A 4 Radiation Safety A 5 Radiation...

Страница 155: ...es the number of electrons in an atom equals the number of protons The number of protons in the atom is called the atomic number Z A chemical element consists of all atoms having the same atomic numbe...

Страница 156: ...ic system the unit of activity is the becquerel Bq which equals one disintegration per second Because the becquerel is such an extremely small unit the activity of sources in nuclear gauges is normall...

Страница 157: ...waves and visible light Photons have no mass or electrical charge and travel at the speed of light Gamma rays are energetic and penetrating Dense materials such as lead tungsten and so on provide the...

Страница 158: ...dose is expressed in smaller units called millirem mrem where 1 rem 1000 mrem The risk of injury from radiation is generally related to the total radiation dose received over a period of time It is a...

Страница 159: ...me Distance Shielding Time The simplest way to reduce exposure is to minimize the time spent around a radioactive source If the time spent near a source is cut in half then the exposure is halved all...

Страница 160: ...reas below the dose limits for members of the public The thickness of any material that reduces the incident radiation intensity by one half is known as the half value layer HVL The HVL of a material...

Страница 161: ...neral public dose limit of 500 mrem year applies Users may not be required to wear a dosimeter To establish the personnel monitoring requirements for your application consult the conditions of your ra...

Страница 162: ...rvey meter is not available perform a visual inspection of the source rod tip as follows to confirm its integrity 1 Extend the source rod just far enough to see the source rod tip The tip should appea...

Страница 163: ...uctions on cleaning the sliding and fixed blocks NOTE The bottom edge of the tungsten sliding block is beveled as shown in Figure A 3 on page A 12 As a result there may appear to be a slight opening w...

Страница 164: ...er cleaning If the sliding block still does not close properly immediately contact the nearest Troxler Service Center The tungsten sliding block and the fixed tungsten block may require cleaning if th...

Страница 165: ...block to the plate To reduce radiological exposure stand to one side of the gauge Paying close attention to the position of the sliding block remove the block Using a stiff brush or rag soaked in alc...

Страница 166: ...Model 3451 Appendix A 13 Figure A 3 Cleaning the Sliding and Fixed Blocks...

Страница 167: ...test kits to licensees and to analyze leak test samples To perform a leak test use the Troxler Model 3880 Leak Test Kit PN 102868 and accompanying instructions to perform the following procedure Writ...

Страница 168: ...xler or can be downloaded from the Troxler website www troxlerlabs com To purchase a nuclear gauge in Canada an owner must obtain a license from the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission CNSC The owner s...

Страница 169: ...Officer RSO The gauge owner should complete the emergency contact information on the lines furnished below Note that company refers to the gauge owner s company not Troxler Electronic Laboratories Thi...

Страница 170: ...e time and location of the accident b The gauge model and serial number c The nature of the accident d The location and condition of the gauge and or source e The dose rate at 3 ft 1 m from the gauge...

Страница 171: ...gauge to verify that the tungsten sliding block is completely closed If the gauge base opening is not completely closed by the sliding block the sliding block and fixed tungsten block may require clea...

Страница 172: ...l 3451 gauge The table lists the radiation dose equivalent rates in mrem hour for each side of the gauge and transport case shown in Figure A 4 LEFT SIDE TOP BACK FRONT BOTTOM RIGHT SIDE GAUGE LEFT SI...

Страница 173: ...Back 5 5 N A 0 9 0 2 0 2 0 1 Left Side 0 3 N A 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Right Side 3 5 N A 0 3 0 5 0 1 0 1 Top 2 0 N A 0 9 0 1 0 1 0 1 Bottom 1 1 N A 0 4 0 4 0 1 0 1 NOTES 1 All tabulated values are in units...

Страница 174: ...Model 3451 Appendix A 21 NOTES...

Страница 175: ......

Страница 176: ...ge and measurement specifications for the Troxler Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus CONTENTS Measurement Specifications B 2 Soil and Asphalt Modes B 2 Thin Layer Mode B 4 Radiological Specifications...

Страница 177: ...1 3 Composition error kg m3 8 0 8 0 8 0 Surface error 1 25 mm 100 Void kg m3 18 0 18 0 18 0 Backscatter 15 sec 1 min 4 min Precision kg m3 16 0 8 0 4 0 Composition error kg m3 14 0 14 0 14 0 Surface e...

Страница 178: ...n error pcf 0 50 0 50 0 50 Surface error 0 05 in 100 Void pcf 1 1 1 1 1 1 Backscatter 15 sec 1 min 4 min Precision pcf 1 0 0 50 0 25 Composition error pcf 0 87 0 87 0 87 Surface error 0 05 in 100 Void...

Страница 179: ...me min Thickness kg m3 pcf 1 0 2 5 cm 1 0 in 5 0 cm 2 0 in 6 3 cm 2 5 in 10 0 cm 4 0 in 16 10 8 8 1 0 0 60 0 50 0 5 4 0 2 5 cm 1 0 in 5 0 cm 2 0 in 6 3 cm 2 5 in 10 0 cm 4 0 in 8 5 4 4 0 50 0 30 0 25...

Страница 180: ...241 Be Source Type Sealed Source Special Form Source Housing Stainless Steel Encapsulated Shielding Lead Tungsten Surface Dose Rate See Radiation Profile on page A 19 Shipping Case Type A Yellow II TI...

Страница 181: ...mA Measurement mode 140 mA Off 2 mA Time Before Automatic 5 hours of complete inactivity Shutdown Power Source s Base 5 C NiMH Rechargeable Pack batteries Charge Source 12 V dc 5 1 8 A minimum Battery...

Страница 182: ...lb Shipping Weight 42 5 kg 94 0 lb Operating Temperature 0 to 70 C Ambient 32 to 158 F Max Test Material Surface 175 C 347 F for 15 minutes Temperature Storage Temperature 55 to 85 C 67 to 185 F Humi...

Страница 183: ...Appendix B 8 NOTES...

Страница 184: ...st C 2 Drift Test C 5 Calibrate Depth Strip C 8 Troubleshooting C 9 Error Messages C 13 Batteries C 24 Charging C 24 Replacing the Batteries C 24 Replacing Fuse C 26 Mechanical Maintenance C 27 Cleani...

Страница 185: ...which is compared to a theoretical standard deviation value Ideally this ratio should be 0 354 with acceptable limits from 0 225 to 0 465 The gauge is considered unstable if the ratio is outside thes...

Страница 186: ...est results or No to reject them The PDA displays a confirmation message Press ok to return to the STAT Test Menu If the stat test fails see page C 2 Reviewing the Stat Test To review the results of t...

Страница 187: ...Figure C 5 Review Stat Test Appendix C 4 Figure C 3 View Stat Counts Figure C 4 Stat Test Results...

Страница 188: ...akes approximately twenty minutes to conduct DO NOT turn the gauge off between a stat test and a drift test The stat test must be current The gauge must not be moved between the stat and drift tests t...

Страница 189: ...A displays the average counts for each system and indicates if the test passed or failed as shown in Figure C 8 Press Yes to accept the drift test results or No to reject them The PDA displays a confi...

Страница 190: ...Model 3451 Appendix C 7 Figure C 9 Review Drift Test Figure C 7 View Drift Counts Figure C 8 Drift Test Results C TROUBLESHOOTING...

Страница 191: ...tics Menu see Figure C 1 The PDA displays the message Depth Verification Set rod to BS and press OK Set the source rod to the backscatter position and press the OK button on the PDA to calibrate the d...

Страница 192: ...ms currently running in the PDA memory NOTE PDA devices run programs in the background even when these programs are closed Therefore the above procedure may need to be repeated regularly Refer to the...

Страница 193: ...an electronic problem such as a failure of the detector preamplifier However there is a remote possibility that the radioactive source could have become dislodged or lost Refer to the Source Rod Insp...

Страница 194: ...ryer on low heat to circulate warm air for one to three hours Remove any foreign objects from inside the gauge Ensure the hardware mounting screws are tight and in place Check count time a four minute...

Страница 195: ...iMH batteries may be charged up to 500 or more full charge discharge cycles and typically have a 4 year life The batteries may be reaching the end of their life cycle and should be replaced Charger ad...

Страница 196: ...llegal or invalid data has been entered by the operator Depth strip validation failed This error can occur when trying to recalibrate the depth strip from a process Possible causes PDA is not within 4...

Страница 197: ...uge Verify the PDA s Bluetooth communications configuration as described on page 3 14 Verify the PDA s ActiveSync configuration as described on page 3 13 Error File copy This error can occur when the...

Страница 198: ...cribed on page 3 14 Verify the PDA s ActiveSync configuration as described on page 3 13 ERROR Invalid ABORT Characters This error can occur when trying to abort from a process Possible causes PDA is n...

Страница 199: ...Manual mode Error No marshall directory exists This error can occur if the PDA directory subdirectory structure has been altered Possible causes The Marshall directory has been deleted PDA has an inte...

Страница 200: ...al problem Error No thin lift directory exists This error can occur if the PDA directory subdirectory structure has been altered Possible causes The thin layer special calibration directory has been d...

Страница 201: ...ed This error can occur if the operator enters an invalid moisture offset from the keypad menu selection The value must be between 1 and 99 Invalid thickness entered This error can occur if the operat...

Страница 202: ...a Marshall value but does not select one No proctor values exist This error can occur if the operator attempts to activate a proctor value but there is not one available Possible causes The proctor va...

Страница 203: ...as been deleted No specific gravity values were created No specific gravity value selected This error can occur if the operator attempts to enable disable view or erase a specific gravity value but do...

Страница 204: ...on it checks the serial port to see if another program has control of it If another program has control this error will occur Exit the RoadReader Plus software and perform the following to close out...

Страница 205: ...s Possible causes Source rod is in the SAFE position Depth strip is not being read correctly Gauge has lost its depth strip calibration Gauge is turned off The index rod must be in Backscatter positio...

Страница 206: ...sible causes Name was greater than 20 characters long No name was entered Value must be 1 to 20 This error can occur if the operator enters a value less than 1 or greater than 20 while manually enteri...

Страница 207: ...on the back of the gauge Plug the other end of the ac charger into a standard 100 240 V ac outlet The dc adapter may be connected to any 12 14 V dc source such as a vehicle s cigarette lighter To ensu...

Страница 208: ...aside Open the battery cover and remove the old NiMH battery pack Slide a new NiMH battery pack into the gauge Close the battery cover and replace the two screws Plug the battery cable into the batter...

Страница 209: ...64 inch Allen wrench remove the six screws that hold the top shell to the gauge base Clean the screws and set them aside Carefully remove the gauge top shell and slide it up out of the way To keep it...

Страница 210: ...m an engineering thermoplastic designed specifically to provide high impact strength and to offer excellent compatibility with many industrial solvents and petro chemicals The top shell may be cleaned...

Страница 211: ...REPLACING GASKETS The Model 3451 employs two o rings to protect its electronics from moisture dirt and debris However if the gauge has been exposed to extremely wet weather or high humidity or if the...

Страница 212: ...6 Source Rod Bearing 012176 Lock w 2 Keys Handle 107835 Handle Assembly 104305 Handle Sleeve 108865 Trigger 012225 Spring For Trigger 102096 3400 Cap Screw 102103 Cap Screw Bumper 104553 Plunger 3400...

Страница 213: ...D ROM 110708 Cable 9 Pin D Sub M F Used to connect gauge to computer 110692 Cable Auto Adapter for PDA only 110693 Cable Assembly Serial 4 ft Used to connect PDA to computer 110691 Universal AC Adapte...

Страница 214: ...110690 AC Power Cord 110697 USB Communications Cable 110709 PDA Battery Pack Charger Kit 110705 PDA Battery Pack Lithium Ion Spare 110706 Holster with Belt for 700 Series Mobile Computer MAINTENANCE S...

Страница 215: ...roblem or difficulty you are having with the instrument Shipment method to Troxler and for return shipment Shipping and billing address not P O Box street address and zip code Telephone number and con...

Страница 216: ...nal Atomic Energy Agency IAEA The IAEA recommendations have been codified in the International Air Transport Association IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations International customers should consult their l...

Страница 217: ...bsite www troxlerlabs com A copy of the results of the Type A package testing must be kept on file Hazmat employee training records must be kept on file An Emergency Response Information document must...

Страница 218: ...curs during the course of transportation including loading unloading and temporary storage in which fire breakage spillage or suspected contamination occurs involving shipment of radioactive materials...

Страница 219: ...mum damage to the package Results The case was scratched due to the abrasiveness of the concrete but no other physical damage to the package was observed Penetration The package was placed on a non yi...

Страница 220: ...gulations TPRM apply any time a nuclear device used in commerce is transported by any means in Canada For training and accident notification requirements consult the Transportation Of Dangerous Goods...

Страница 221: ...Appendix D 6 NOTES...

Страница 222: ...TANDARD COUNT LOG Use the form in this appendix as a guide when recording the daily standard counts To verify gauge stability compare the daily standard count to the average of the last four recorded...

Страница 223: ...Appendix E 2 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture MS Density DS1 Density DS2...

Страница 224: ...Model 3451 Appendix E 3 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture MS Density DS1 Density DS2 E STANDARD COUNT LOG...

Страница 225: ...Appendix E 4 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture MS Density DS1 Density DS2...

Страница 226: ...Model 3451 Appendix E 5 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture MS Density DS1 Density DS2 E STANDARD COUNT LOG...

Страница 227: ...Appendix E 6 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture MS Density DS1 Density DS2...

Страница 228: ...Model 3451 Appendix E 7 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture MS Density DS1 Density DS2 E STANDARD COUNT LOG...

Страница 229: ...Appendix E 8 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture MS Density DS1 Density DS2...

Страница 230: ...l Bq This requires the shipper to convert the activity on the Bill of Lading from curies to becquerels GBq Until everyone is accustomed to the SI units it is permitted to follow the SI units with the...

Страница 231: ...30 48 cm 1 ft 0 3048 m 1 pcf 16 02 kg m3 1 pcf 1 6 10 2 g cm3 RADIOLOGICAL UNITS 1 rem 0 01 Sv 1 Ci 37 GBq 1 mCi 37 MBq 1 Ci 37 kBq The following table is provided to assist the operator in converting...

Страница 232: ...UROPEAN CONSIDERATIONS This section applies only to those Troxler Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus gauges with the CE mark that are to be used in European countries CONTENTS Declaration of Conformi...

Страница 233: ...998 A2 2001 Test Methods Emissions EN 55011 1998 EN 61000 3 2 1955 EN 91000 3 3 1995 Immunity EN 61000 4 2 1995 EN61000 4 3 1995 EN 61000 4 4 1995 EN61000 4 5 1995 EN 61000 4 6 1995 EN 61000 4 11 1995...

Страница 234: ...e used in European countries In addition to these safety warnings all other safety warnings and cautions throughout this manual apply to gauges with the CE mark There are no user serviceable parts onl...

Страница 235: ...Appendix G 4 NOTES...

Страница 236: ...ASTM standards 1 3 Americium 241 beryllium Am 241 Be 2 3 Asphalt Mode specifications B 2 Taking measurements 4 15 Atomic Energy Control Regulations AEC D 5 Atomic structure A 2 Automatic Depth mode 5...

Страница 237: ...2 2 Charge batteries C 24 Charger connector 3 4 Charger ac 1 8 Cleaning Base and top shell C 27 Tungsten blocks A 11 Code Access xv User 5 9 Code of Federal Regulations CFR 1 4 Concrete taking measur...

Страница 238: ...st C 5 View Using Data Manager 7 17 Drill rod 1 8 4 7 Drill rod guide 1 8 E Emergency procedures A 15 Enable Project 3 23 Target value 5 18 Encapsulation A 8 Enter target value 5 16 Erase Project 3 22...

Страница 239: ...6 3 9 Location 3 28 H Half life 3 27 Half value layer HVL A 7 Hazmat training D 3 Helium 3 detector 2 3 Humidity B 7 I Inspection Daily 3 8 A 10 Source rod A 9 Upon receipt 1 11 International Air Tra...

Страница 240: ...th 5 10 Direct transmission 2 2 4 7 Measurement 5 5 Soil 4 11 5 5 Thin layer 4 18 5 5 Moisture 2 3 4 11 Offset 2 6 6 2 6 5 Monitoring personnel A 8 N Neutrons 2 3 B 5 A 4 New project 3 19 NiMH battery...

Страница 241: ...14 Profile radiation A 18 Project Data 3 19 Delete all from Data Manager 7 9 Disable 3 23 Download configuration 7 12 Download data 7 7 Enable 3 23 Erase 3 22 Manage data 7 6 New 3 19 Notes 4 12 4 15...

Страница 242: ...layer 4 18 Recalibrate 6 14 Recharge time B 6 Recover projects 7 19 Reference standard block 1 8 4 2 Regulations 1 4 A 14 Canadian shipping D 5 U S shipping D 2 Replace Fuse C 26 Gaskets C 28 NiMH ba...

Страница 243: ...Am 241 Be 2 3 3 27 Cesium 137 Cs 137 2 2 3 27 Decay 3 27 7 15 Encapsulation A 8 Gamma ray B 5 Neutron B 5 Rod inspection A 9 Rod lubrication C 28 Rod positions 3 5 Shielding B 5 A 7 Special calibratio...

Страница 244: ...6 Thin layer 2 5 Thermalization 2 3 Thermoluminescent dosimeter TLD A 8 Thickness 3 20 Thin layer 2 5 Mode specifications B 4 Special calibration 6 20 Taking measurements 4 18 Time count 5 6 Training...

Страница 245: ...Project on PDA 3 21 Project configuration using Data Manager 7 11 Project data using Data Manager 7 8 Project setup using Data Manager 7 13 Project status using Data Manager 7 15 Setup 5 3 Soil speci...

Страница 246: ...Model 3451 Warranty 1 NOTES WARRANTY...

Страница 247: ...nstrument or radioactive material contained therein TROXLER s liability being specifically limited to repair as stated hereinabove This warranty is automatically initiated except where modified by con...

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