SIGNAL
Electrical representation of input such as sound.
SIGNAL CHAIN
The route taken by a signal from the input to a system through to
its output.
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO
An expression of the difference in level between the audio signal
and the background noise of the device or system. Normally
expressed in decibels.
SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television
Engineers)
Time code developed for the film industry but now extensively
used in music and recording. SMPTE is a real-time code and is
related to hours, minutes, seconds and film or video frames rather
than to musical tempo.
SOLO-IN-PLACE
A function that allows the operator to listen to a selected channel
on it's own but complete with all relevant effects, by automatically
muting all other inputs.
SOUNDCRAFT
The name found on some of the best-value professional audio
equipment around.
SOUND REINFORCEMENT
The process of amplifying or reinforcing on-stage sound (whether
from already-amplified or acoustic instruments/voices) without
overpowering the original sound. Suitable for smaller venues and
often used solely to raise the level of the vocals above the back line
and drums.
SPL (Sound Pressure Level)
Intensity of sound measured in decibels.
STEREO
Two channel system feeding left and right speakers to create the
illusion of a continuous sound field. Stereo: from the Greek word
for ‘solid’.
STEREO RETURN
An input designed to receive any stereo line level source such as the
output of effects or other external processing devices.
STRIPE
To record time code onto one track of a multitrack tape machine.
SWEEP EQ
An equaliser section (e.g. Midband EQ) which boosts or cuts a
variable rather than fixed frequency.
TALKBACK
A system allowing the operator to speak to the artistes or to tape via
the auxiliary or group outputs.
TAPE RETURN
A line level input provided specifically to receive the playback
output of a tape machine.
TRANSIENT
An instantaneous rise in the signal level e.g. a cymbal crash or
similar.
TRIM CONTROL
A variable control which gives adjustment of signal level over a
limited and predetermined range usually for calibration purposes.
TRS JACKS
A 3-pole jack with Tip, Ring and Sleeve connection. Sometimes
referred to as a stereo or A-gauge jack plug.
UNBALANCED
A method of audio connection which uses a single signal wire and
the cable screen as the signal return.This method does not provide
the same degree of noise immunity as a BALANCED connection.
WET
Slang term for a signal with added effects such as
REVERBERATION, ECHO, DELAY or CHORUS.
Y-LEAD
A lead split so that one source can feed two destinations. Y-leads
may also be used in console insert points in which case a stereo jack
plug at one end of the lead is split into two mono jacks at the
other.
2-TRACK RETURN
A line level stereo input on a mixing console designed to accept the
output from a 2-Track recording device. May also be used as an
additional effects return, depending on the internal routing of the
mixer.
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