background image

1

Ver 1.0  2003. 01

Model Name Using Similar Mechanism

NEW

CD Drive Mechanism Type

MG-930A-185

Optical Pick-up Name

OPTIMA-752B2

SERVICE MANUAL

US Model

Canadian Model

CDC-X237/X437

AEP Model

UK Model

CDC-X237

CDC-X237/X437

RADIO SECTION (US, Canadian model)

(FM)

Frequency Range: 87.5 MHz – 108 MHz
Usable Sensitivity: 12.7 dBf
50 dB Quieting Sensitivity: 17.2 dBf
IF Rejection: 100 dB
Frequency Response: 30 Hz – 15,000 Hz
S/N Ratio: 70 dB
Stereo Separation: 35 dB at 1 kHz
Alternate Channel Selectivity: 90 dB
Capture Ratio: 3 dB

(AM)

Frequency Range: 530 kHz – 1,710 kHz
Usable Sensitivity: 30 µV (30 dB)

RADIO SECTION (AEP, UK model)

(FM)

Frequency Range: 87.5 MHz – 108 MHz
Intermediate frequency: 10.7 MHz
Usable Sensitivity: 12.7 dBf
50 dB Quieting Sensitivity: 17.2 dBf
IF Rejection: 100 dB
Frequency Response: 30 Hz – 15,000 Hz
S/N Ratio: 67 dB
Stereo Separation: 35 dB at 1 kHz
Alternate Channel Selectivity: 90 dB
Capture Ratio: 3 dB

(MW)

Frequency Range: 531 kHz – 1,602 kHz
Intermediate frequency: 10.71 MHz/450 kHz
Usable Sensitivity: 30 µV (30 dB)

(LW)

Frequency Range: 144 kHz – 288 kHz (1-kHz/9-kHz steps)
Intermediate frequency: 10.71 MHz/450 kHz
Usable Sensitivity: 30 µV (30 dB)

SPECIFICATIONS

CD SECTION

Frequency Response: 17 Hz – 20 kHz +0/–3 dB
Dynamic Range: More than 85 dB
Channel Separation: More than 60 dB
S/N Ratio: More than 90 dB
Wow/Flutter: Unmeasurable

AUDIO SECTION

Max. Power Output: 45 W 

×

 4 channels

AUX Input

Input sensitivity (load impedance) AUX: 300 mV (10 k

)

• The tuner and CD sections have no adjustments.

Sony Corporation

e Vehicle Company

Published by Sony Engineering Corporation

9-877-001-01

2003A0400-1

© 2003. 01

– Continued on next page –

FM/AM COMPACT DISC PLAYER

CDC-X237/X437

FM/MW/LW COMPACT DISC PLAYER

CDC-X237

Содержание CDC-X237

Страница 1: ...f IF Rejection 100 dB Frequency Response 30 Hz 15 000 Hz S N Ratio 67 dB Stereo Separation 35 dB at 1 kHz Alternate Channel Selectivity 90 dB Capture Ratio 3 dB MW Frequency Range 531 kHz 1 602 kHz Intermediate frequency 10 71 MHz 450 kHz Usable Sensitivity 30 µV 30 dB LW Frequency Range 144 kHz 288 kHz 1 kHz 9 kHz steps Intermediate frequency 10 71 MHz 450 kHz Usable Sensitivity 30 µV 30 dB SPECI...

Страница 2: ...5 16 D inches Weight approx 20 g 0 7 oz including battery Specifications and external appearance are subject to change without notice due to product improvement SERVICE NOTES NOTES ON HANDLING THE OPTICAL PICK UP BLOCK OR BASE UNIT The laser diode in the optical pick up block may suffer electrostatic breakdown because of the potential difference generated by the charged electrostatic load etc on c...

Страница 3: ...Diagram CD Section 17 3 3 Block Diagram Main Section 18 3 4 Block Diagram Front Section 19 3 5 Circuit Boards Location 19 3 6 Printed Wiring Boards CD Mechanism Section 20 3 7 Schematic Diagram CD Mechanism Section 22 3 8 Printed Wiring Board Main Section 23 3 9 Schematic Diagram Main Section 1 2 24 3 10 Schematic Diagram Main Section 2 2 25 3 11 Printed Wiring Boards Front Section 26 3 12 Schemat...

Страница 4: ...4 CDC X237 X437 SECTION 1 GENERAL This section is extracted from instruction manual ...

Страница 5: ...HANISM BLOCK Page 6 2 6 SUB BOARD Page 8 2 7 SERVO BOARD Page 9 SET 2 13 PICK UP SUB ASSY Page 12 2 4 MAIN BOARD Page 7 2 5 HEAT SINK CT Page 8 2 3 MAIN BOARD SECTION Page 7 2 8 FLOATING BLOCK ASSY Page 9 2 9 LEVER ASSY CD UP HOLDER Page 10 2 10 LEVER CD ROLLER SUB ASSY Page 10 2 11 LEVER ASSY CD HOLDER Page 11 2 12 MOTOR SLED SUB ASSY Page 11 ...

Страница 6: ...ECHANISM BLOCK Note Follow the disassembly procedure in the numerical order given 2 1 SUB PANEL ASSY 4 sub panel assy 3 claws 2 claws 1 B 2 6x6 3 CON701 6 CD mechanism block 5 holder CD mecha 1 PTT 2 6x6 2 PTT 2 6x6 4 P 2 6x4 ...

Страница 7: ... cover 3 insulation sheet 4 Removal the solder 7 MAIN board section 5 Removal the solder 6 Removal the solder 1 PTP 2 6x4 0 MAIN board 1 PTT 2 6x6 4 PTT 2 6x6 6 side chassis L 8 side chassis R 9 front chassis 5 PTT 2 6x6 3 PTT 2 6x6 7 PTT 2 6x6 2 PTT 2 6x6 ...

Страница 8: ...8 CDC X237 X437 2 5 HEAT SINK CT 2 6 SUB BOARD 4 heat sink CT 1 screw 2 6x8 2 P 3x12 3 PTT 2 6x8 3 SUB board 1 Removal the solders 2 P 1 4x2 black brown blue ...

Страница 9: ... 4 screws M1 7x4 5 SERVO board 2 PIC2 FLEXIBLE board 1 Removal the solders white gry orange blue black red 1 tension spring 2 tension spring 3 tension spring qd floating block aasy 4 tension spring 5 tension spring 6 claw 7 claw 8 claw qa oil damper qs oil damper 9 0 ...

Страница 10: ...10 CDC X237 X437 2 9 LEVER ASSY CD UP HOLDER 2 10 LEVER CD ROLLER SUB ASSY 1 P 1 4x2 3 special screw 4 tension spring 5 lever assy CD up holder 2 leaf spring roller 3 lever CD roller sub assy 1 2 ...

Страница 11: ...11 CDC X237 X437 2 11 LEVER ASSY CD HOLDER 2 12 MOTOR SLED SUB ASSY 2 special screw 1 torsion spring 4 lever assy CD holder 3 1 P 1 7x2 2 motor sled sub assy ...

Страница 12: ...12 CDC X237 X437 2 13 PICK UP SUB ASSY 1 B 1 4x5 2 leaf spring 3 pick up sub assy ...

Страница 13: ...d Not used Open Synchronization signal detection signal output 22 FSEQ O Output a high level when the Synchronization signal detected from the EFM signal and the internaly generated synchronization signal range Not used Open 23 VDD Digital system power supply pin 24 CONT1 I O General purpose input output 1 5 25 CONT2 I O Controlled by serial data commands from the microprocessor 26 CONT3 I O Any o...

Страница 14: ...Output pin for the 7 35 kHz synchronization signal divided from the crystal oscillator Not used Open 53 WRQ O Subcode Q output standby output 54 RWC I Read write control signal input This is a schmitt input 55 SQOUT O Subcode Q signal output 56 COIN I Command input pin from system control microprocessor 57 CQCK I Input for both the command input acquisition clock and the SQOUT pin subcode readout ...

Страница 15: ... Open 22 23 KS4 KS3 O Initial setting diode matrix output Not used Open 24 26 KS2 KS0 O Initial setting diode matrix output 27 28 K3 K2 I Initial setting diode matrix input 29 K1 I Initial setting diode matrix input CD test mode pulled down when not used 30 K0 I Initial setting diode matrix input 31 VDD Power supply pin 32 E VOL CLO O Clock output for volume level control 33 LM SW O Loading or SLE...

Страница 16: ...64 L IND I Voltage input for level indicater Pulled down when not used 65 PH MUTE I External mute control L 20 dB mute pulled up when not used EUR 66 RESET I System reset signal input L system reset 67 ACC IN I ACC accessory power ON OFF input OFF fault mode 68 SNS I Backup detection signal input 69 BATT IN I Input battery ON OFF 70 IF FM AM I IF count signal input FM AM 71 EO3 Not used Open 72 SU...

Страница 17: ...RACKING COIL DRIVE SLED SPINDLE LOADING MOTOR DRIVE IC203 6 7 4 5 13 15 25 16 14 19 REG DRIVE Q207 24 23 17 18 S3 RESET S2 DETECT2 S1 DETECT1 5V VC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 DRF CE DAT COIN RWC FIN2 CQCK 4 2M EFMO DEFI EFMIN CLV CLV V P HFL TES TOFF TGL JP JP F E FIN1 LDS LDD FD TO SLEQ SP SPD SLD RES CL WRQ SQOUT XIN XOUT ROUT LOUT CLK DEF SLI SLC RFS RFSM CV CV SLOF HFL TES TOFF TGL JP...

Страница 18: ...1 4 5kHz S901 RESET 1 CD INSIDE 62 LM SW 33 SW1 52 SW2 51 FEM LM 35 FEM LM 36 CD RES 49 RW 37 RWC 48 WRQ 47 SQOUT 11 DRF 46 COIN 12 CQCK 13 LP UP CD INSIDE LM SW 8V CD CD R CD 8V CD RCH CD L SW1 SW2 FEM FEM CD RES RW RWC WRQ SQOUT DRF COIN CQCK LP UP 38 80 XOUT 55 LCD DI 8 LCD DO 10 LCD CE 41 POWER CONT 45 DFP IN 7 LCD DI 54 R ENCOD1 9 LCD CLO 53 R ENCOD2 56 REMOTE IN LCD DO LCD CE DFP IN LCD DI R...

Страница 19: ...661 LCD BACK LIGHT DIMMER CONTROL Q661 REMOTE CONTROL RECEIVER IC681 S621 ROTARY ENCODER WITH SWITCH KEY MATRIX ILL CONTROL Q651 671 S601 602 605 606 608 610 619 DI CL CE DO CDC X437 MAIN SECTION B 3 5 CIRCUIT BOARDS LOCATION KEY board SUB board SERVO board MAIN board AUX board tuner unit TU101 Main Board 1 4 5MHz IC901 1 XIN 1 8Vp p Waveforms Servo Board MODE CD PLAY 1 IC201 ra RFSM 0 9Vp p 2 3 A...

Страница 20: ...Line Power voltage is dc 14 4V and fed with regulated dc power supply from ACC and BATT cords Voltages are taken with a VOM Input impedance 10 MΩ Voltage variations may be noted due to normal produc tion tolerances Waveforms are taken with a oscilloscope Voltage variations may be noted due to normal produc tion tolerances Circled numbers refer to waveforms Signal path F FM f AM MW LW J CD for prin...

Страница 21: ...61 R284 C259 R253 C203 R234 R285 R272 R230 R255 C221 R258 R226 C258 C209 C204 R236 C219 C252 R245 R259 C250 R238 C213 C225 C216 R224 C269 R222 R218 R277 Q204 C282 R216 R267 R282 R264 R235 C220 R266 R275 R239 R240 C262 R229 R215 C270 R263 R246 R265 Q202 R269 R213 TC201 R210 R291 R261 C218 C266 C208 C254 R260 R248 R233 R244 R286 IC203 R296 R201 R281 R262 R247 R211 Q208 R242 C230 R203 R206 C205 R209 ...

Страница 22: ...0 C232 C235 C234 C229 C250 C253 C254 C261 C225 C282 C262 C270 C269 C268 C267 C265 C263 C266 R204 R205 R203 R206 C201 R201 C202 R246 R209 R210 R245 R244 R202 R211 R212 R282 R281 R213 R221 C208 C210 C212 R224 C213 R223 R273 R231 R228 R233 R232 C220 R235 R237 R278 C222 R239 C223 R240 C224 C240 C236 C228 C231 C227 R265 C226 C251 C252 R257 R256 R258 C258 R253 R251 C259 R248 R250 R247 R268 IC202 R272 R2...

Страница 23: ...JW96 JW1 R814 THP804 JW73 JW84 JW62 JW46 JW93 JW80 JW101 C416 JW87 JW42 JW26 C442 JW77 R713 JW52 R412 JW83 JW5 D708 D702 JW21 C509 D801 JW19 JW20 L801 X901 C531 C812 JW104 R803 JW64 JW69 JW18 JW9 JW11 JW12 JW16 JW100 Q801 D707 D914 C904 R719 JW38 R116 D904 JW22 TU101 JW54 D706 JW88 R802 JW50 JW72 JW86 Q811 JW48 JW66 R409 R414 D701 D703 D704 D705 JW15 JW10 JW82 R709 R411 JW76 JW81 JW63 C903 JW33 JW...

Страница 24: ...409 C405 C406 C410 C408 R909 R901 C906 S901 L101 D101 R101 C176 C106 C102 Q109 R121 C174 CON701 C731 C732 R732 R731 CON702 JR11 R701 R703 R704 R705 R706 R707 R708 C701 R915 R916 R925 R924 R923 R922 R921 C712 C453 R904 D905 D902 R902 JR14 C902 C901 C904 L901 C416 R113 JR8 C112 R115 R110 R111 R123 R122 R105 C140 R140 C113 R116 C116 R119 R120 C115 R117 R926 R930 C402 R458 C454 D451 R456 R409 R402 C41...

Страница 25: ...3 C821 R821 R822 C822 D441 C419 C420 C417 Q401 Q403 Q402 Q404 C511 C515 C591 D801 D802 C431 C432 L401 D501 D505 D506 D502 C442 R414 R413 R412 C418 R416 R411 R415 R418 R417 R511 C513 C518 C509 D503 D507 D508 D504 C801 R941 R943 C941 C942 R942 C812 C813 C531 R531 C512 R802 R803 R814 C831 R835 C832 C833 Q592 Q591 Q802 Q811 Q801 Q831 Q821 IC501 J401 Q441 CNP801 D531 D813 Q832 D831 Q833 D821 R801 IC941...

Страница 26: ...4 Q661 C605 CON601 R663 R671 R682 IC601 S601 R661 S611 D643 LCD601 S608 S612 S605 S602 S615 S616 S618 D661 S610 IC681 S614 J601 S613 S621 S606 3 11 PRINTED WIRING BOARDS FRONT SECTION Refer to page 19 for Circuit Boards Location Page 23 Ref No Location D601 G 6 D602 G 6 D641 A 1 D642 C 12 D643 F 5 D651 C 12 D652 C 4 Semiconductor Location Ref No Location D653 C 2 D661 G 4 D671 C 12 D672 C 4 D673 C...

Страница 27: ...ble to measure IC B D IC B D R605 S606 S605 S602 S608 S612 S610 S611 S618 S617 S616 S615 S614 S613 C604 R604 C601 D602 D601 R606 R607 R608 R609 C605 S621 R641 R651 R652 R653 R671 R672 R673 R643 R661 R654 R674 TP1 TP2 TP4 R662 R663 R610 S601 IC601 D671 D672 D673 D643 J601 LCD601 R622 R621 CON601 IC681 R681 D682 D681 C681 R682 C923 D641 D642 D651 D652 D653 D661 Q651 Q671 Q661 Page 24 ...

Страница 28: ...6 25 24 23 22 1 2 3 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 SIGNAL SYSTEM POWER MUTE INPUT LEVEL SHIFT LEVEL SHIFT LEVEL SHIFT LEVEL SHIFT OUTPUT CONTROL THERMAL SHUTDOWN 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 REV VCC2 V05 V05 V04 V04 V03 V03 V02 V02 V01 V01 VCC1 VIN1 VIN1G FWD S GND MUTE VCC S VREF IN REG OUT REG IN VIN3G VIN3 VIN2G VIN2 VIN4 VIN4G TAB2 TAB1 CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH1 2 POWER CH3 4 5 POWER LROUT LFOUT 4 VSS 3 CE ...

Страница 29: ... VDET SEGMENT DRIVER LATCH SHIFT REGISTER CONTROL REGISTER COMMON DRIVER KEY SCAN KEY BUFFER CLOCK GENERATOR C 2 B INTERFACE OSC 61 DO 62 CE 63 CL 64 DI 1 S1 2 S2 3 S3 4 S4 5 S5 6 S6 7 S7 8 S8 9 S9 10 S10 11 S11 12 S12 13 S13 14 S14 15 S15 16 S16 48 KS5 46 KS3 47 KS4 44 KS1 43 COM3 42 COM2 41 COM1 40 S40 39 S39 38 S38 37 S37 36 S36 35 S35 34 S34 33 S33 45 KS2 BPF BEF ABLC DETECTER COMPARATOR HYSTE...

Страница 30: ...écurité Ne les remplacer que par une piéce portant le numéro spécifié 1 3 249 414 01 LEVER DFP POP 2 3 251 492 01 SPRING COIL POP UP 3 3 250 895 01 SCREW B 2 6X6 4 3 251 066 01 PANEL SUB 5 3 250 908 01 SHEET DOOR CD 6 3 251 089 01 SPRING LOCK 7 3 250 286 01 LEVER LOCK 8 3 250 551 01 SCREW PTP 2 6X4 9 1 776 207 41 CORD WITH CONNECTOR POWER US CND 9 1 776 527 82 CORD WITH CONNECTOR ISO POWER AEP UK ...

Страница 31: ...LENS PRESET 54 3 249 411 01 LENS RTRY 55 3 249 389 01 CABINET REAR 56 3 250 543 01 SCREW PTP 2X8 57 X 3383 157 1 CASE ASSY for FRONT PANEL 58 A 3337 437 A PANEL ASSY CASE X237 58 A 3337 486 A PANEL ASSY CASE X437 59 3 229 100 01 SHEET SW ADHESIVE not supplied not supplied not supplied not supplied not supplied not supplied not supplied not supplied not supplied KEY board not supplied AUX board 51 ...

Страница 32: ... A 3274 733 A SUB BOARD COMPLETE 110 3 251 016 01 SPRING FLOAT FR2 TENSION 111 3 251 002 01 SCREW CD UP HLDR SPECIAL 112 3 250 990 01 SHEET CLAMP 113 3 250 943 01 LEVER CD HOLDER 114 3 250 987 01 SCREW CD HLDR SPECIAL 115 3 251 005 01 SPRING CLAMP LEAF 116 3 251 004 01 CLAMP BZG 3 117 3 250 994 01 SPRING CLAMP TORSION 118 3 250 952 01 HOLDER FLOAT REAR 119 3 250 988 01 OIL DAMPER BZG 3 R 120 3 251...

Страница 33: ...ding OPTICAL PICK UP 161 3 250 956 01 GEAR CONNECT 162 3 250 963 01 GEAR IDL DIR 163 X 3383 088 1 LEVER ASSY GEAR HOLDER 164 3 251 006 01 SPRING LEAD STOP2 LEAF 165 3 250 957 01 GEAR 3 DIR 166 3 250 973 01 GEAR CAM 167 3 250 995 01 SPRING CAM TORSION 168 3 250 969 01 GEAR WHL SLD 169 X 3383 506 1 CHASSIS ASSY M1 A 3337 430 A MOTOR SLED SUB ASSY SLED The components identified by mark 0 or dotted li...

Страница 34: ... LED BR1112H 730 TR LO TU PS D653 8 719 075 89 LED BR1112H 730 TR SEL M m DSPL D661 6 500 083 01 LED NSPW315BSRS LCD BACK LIGHT D671 6 500 526 01 LED SEC1E01C 1 2 3 INT 4 5 REP1 6 SHUF D672 6 500 526 01 LED SEC1E01C LO TU PS D673 6 500 526 01 LED SEC1E01C SEL M m DSPL D681 8 719 978 33 DIODE DTZ TT11 6 8B X437 D682 8 719 069 54 DIODE UDZS TE 17 5 1B X437 IC IC601 6 703 682 01 IC LC75853NW IC681 8 ...

Страница 35: ... 10V C414 1 115 156 11 CERAMIC CHIP 1uF 10V C415 1 124 234 00 ELECT 22uF 20 16V C416 1 124 584 00 ELECT 100uF 20 10V C417 1 126 160 11 ELECT 1uF 20 50V C418 1 126 160 11 ELECT 1uF 20 50V C419 1 126 160 11 ELECT 1uF 20 50V C420 1 126 160 11 ELECT 1uF 20 50V C431 1 162 962 11 CERAMIC CHIP 470PF 10 50V C432 1 162 962 11 CERAMIC CHIP 470PF 10 50V C433 1 162 966 11 CERAMIC CHIP 0 0022uF 10 50V C441 1 1...

Страница 36: ... D913 8 719 991 33 DIODE 1SS133T 77 AEP UK D914 8 719 991 33 DIODE 1SS133T 77 US CND D915 8 719 991 33 DIODE 1SS133T 77 D916 8 719 991 33 DIODE 1SS133T 77 X437 D943 8 719 066 11 DIODE 1PS184 115 FUSE F901 1 532 982 11 FUSE BLADE TYPE AUTO FUSE 15A IC IC401 8 759 827 11 IC LC75421M TLM E IC501 8 759 827 12 IC TA8272H IC901 6 802 742 01 IC LC72358N 9B50 IC941 6 701 405 01 IC PST3443UL JACK J101 1 81...

Страница 37: ...0K 5 1 10W R458 1 216 857 11 METAL CHIP 1M 5 1 10W R501 1 216 835 11 METAL CHIP 15K 5 1 10W R502 1 216 835 11 METAL CHIP 15K 5 1 10W R503 1 216 835 11 METAL CHIP 15K 5 1 10W R504 1 216 835 11 METAL CHIP 15K 5 1 10W R505 1 216 835 11 METAL CHIP 15K 5 1 10W R506 1 216 835 11 METAL CHIP 15K 5 1 10W R507 1 216 835 11 METAL CHIP 15K 5 1 10W R508 1 216 835 11 METAL CHIP 15K 5 1 10W R509 1 216 833 11 MET...

Страница 38: ...IC CHIP 0 033uF 10 16V C215 1 162 966 11 CERAMIC CHIP 0 0022uF 10 50V C216 1 115 467 11 CERAMIC CHIP 0 22uF 10 10V C217 1 107 826 11 CERAMIC CHIP 0 1uF 10 16V C218 1 164 227 11 CERAMIC CHIP 0 022uF 10 25V C219 1 162 961 11 CERAMIC CHIP 330PF 10 50V C220 1 162 967 11 CERAMIC CHIP 0 0033uF 10 50V C221 1 162 927 11 CERAMIC CHIP 100PF 5 50V C222 1 124 252 00 ELECT 0 33uF 20 50V C223 1 124 463 00 ELECT...

Страница 39: ... 1 218 446 11 METAL CHIP 1 5 1 10W R248 1 216 848 11 METAL CHIP 180K 5 1 10W R250 1 216 819 11 METAL CHIP 680 5 1 10W R251 1 216 839 11 METAL CHIP 33K 5 1 10W R252 1 216 822 11 METAL CHIP 1 2K 5 1 10W R253 1 216 839 11 METAL CHIP 33K 5 1 10W R254 1 216 864 11 METAL CHIP 0 5 1 10W R255 1 216 817 11 METAL CHIP 470 5 1 10W R256 1 216 841 11 METAL CHIP 47K 5 1 10W R257 1 216 833 11 METAL CHIP 10K 5 1 ...

Страница 40: ...UAL INSTRUCTION ENGLISH SPANISH FRENCH X437 3 251 494 11 MANUAL INSTRUCTION INSTALL ENGLISH SPANISH FRENCH US CND 3 252 883 11 MANUAL INSTRUCTION INSTALL ENGLISH SPANISH FRENCH GERMAN ITALIAN DUTCH POLISH HUNGARIAN CZECH RUSSIAN AEP UK 3 255 074 01 LID BATTERY CASE for RM Z303 X437 7 621 772 10 SCREW P 2X4 US CND X 3383 157 1 CASE ASSY for FRONT PANEL PARTS FOR INSTALLATION AND CONNECTIONS 201 3 2...

Страница 41: ...41 CDC X237 X437 MEMO ...

Страница 42: ... HISTORY Clicking the version allows you to jump to the revised page Also clicking the version at the upper right on the revised page allows you to jump to the next revised page Ver Date Description of Revision 1 0 2003 01 New ...

Отзывы: