Concepts and Features
R&S
®
ZNA
148
User Manual 1178.6462.02 ─ 12
Make sure to use universal or individual parameter sets if you need to obtain high-pre-
cision results. The precision of the calibration kit parameters determines the accuracy
of the system error correction and of the measurements. The R&S
ZNA displays a
warning if you use a typical or ideal parameter set to calibrate a channel.
Calibration kits can be obtained as network analyzer accessories; refer to the data
sheet for the relevant ordering information. The name of all parameter sets is equal to
the name of the corresponding calibration kit model.
Ideal parameters
All ideal kits contain the standards listed below.
Table 5-9: Ideal standard parameters
Standard (Gender)
R (Load)
Electrical Length (Offset)
Open (f, m)
∞
Ω
0 mm (Delay: 0 s)
Short (f, m)
0 Ω
0 mm
Offset Short (f, m)
0 Ω
10 mm
Match (f, m)
Z
0
(characteristic impedance of
the connector type)
0 mm
Sliding Match (f, m)
–
0 mm
Reflect (f, m)
∞
Ω
0 mm
Through (ff, mm, mf)
–
0 mm
Line (ff, mm, mf)
–
10 mm
Attenuation (ff, mm , mf)
–
0 mm
Symm. Network (ff, mm, mf)
–
0 mm
The following additional parameters are used:
●
Characteristic impedance: Z
0
(characteristic impedance of the connector type)
●
Loss: 0 dB / sqrt(GHz) or (0 GΩ / s) in Agilent mode
●
All inductance and capacitance parameters are set to zero.
5.5.2.3
Sliding Match Standards
The Sliding Match is a one-port standard consisting of an air line with a movable, low-
reflection load element (sliding load). This standard is used because a no perfect
Match is available over a wide frequency range. However, a series of measurements at
a given frequency with equal mismatch and varying phase yields reflection factors that
are located on a circle in the Smith chart. The center of this circle corresponds to per-
fect match. The network analyzer determines and further corrects this match point fol-
lowing I. Kása's circle-fitting algorithm.
To obtain the reflection coefficient for a perfectly matched calibration standard, the Slid-
ing Match must be measured at least at 3 positions which should be unequally spaced
Calibration