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Radio Operation 

Crescendo VHF Half-Duplex User Manual 

Page 24 of 74 

5.3.2 Transmit Power 

The transmit power of the Crescendo can be configured to transmit at fixed levels into a 50  load: 

 

0dBm (1mW) 

 

+20dBm (100mW) 

 

+27dBm (500mW) 

 

+30dBm (1W) 

 

+36dBm (4W) 

 

+37dBm (5W) 

 

 

A  maximum  power  setting  can  be  configured  by  the  distributor  to  limit  the  allowable  power  for  a  given 
combination of radio and antenna.  

5.3.3 RSSI Trip  

The RSSI trip setting is the lowest RF signal level for which the radio modem will attempt to acquire data. 

An RSSI trip can be thought of as a “receiver unsquelch”. 

RSSI Trip is configurable between -120 and -40dBm. 

5.3.4 Channel Selection 

Crescendo has six radio channels that can be configured by the distributor. Each channel comprises a pair of 
uplink / downlink (or transmit / receive) frequencies.  

The channel frequencies can be set anywhere within the radio switching bandwidth (148 – 174 MHz). The 
supported channel frequency rasters are 6.25kHz, 12.5kHz and 25kHz. 

The channel to be used can be set by adjusting the current channel setting. 

5.3.5 Retries 

The  maximum  number  of  retries  per  packet  can  be  configured  between  0  and  20.  When  a  low  number  of 
retries is selected, the link may become unreliable in the presence of interference or collisions. When a high 
number  of  retries  is  selected,  the  link  will  be  more  reliable.  However,  additional  retries  will  induce 
substantial latency in the presence of interference. 

Two parameters are used to set the number of retries to use: 

 

Singlecast retries:

 The number of retries to use on data that is destined for a single receiving radio. 

This is applied to any transmission using the point-to-point or Hayes dialup protocols. 

 

If the remote unit is non-existent, due to a misconfigured destination address, the remote being out 
of range, or the remote unit being faulty, the data will be retransmitted a number of times equal to 
the singlecast retries setting. This can dramatically reduce the throughput of a radio network. 

Main -> Radio 

Main -> Radio 

Main -> Radio -> Channel 

Main -> Radio -> Network 

Содержание CRESCENDO VHF HALF-DUPLEX

Страница 1: ...CRESCENDO VHF HALF DUPLEX USER MANUAL...

Страница 2: ...this manual may be produced copied translated or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of RF Innovations Information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate...

Страница 3: ...wer Temperature Status Mode 2 3 4 13 3 5 2 Main Serial Port Status Mode 5 14 3 5 3 Radio Status LEDs Mode 1 14 4 Serial Port Operation 16 4 1 Overview 16 4 2 Configuration 17 4 3 Advanced Features 17...

Страница 4: ...Multiple Protocol Modes 42 7 Applications 43 7 1 Point to point Networks 43 7 1 1 Basic Point to point Network 43 7 1 2 Multiple Port Point to point Network 43 7 1 3 Multiple Destination Point to poin...

Страница 5: ...figuration and Diagnostics 59 B 3 Serial Port Configuration and Diagnostics 60 B 4 Protocol Mode Configuration and Diagnostics 61 B 5 Diagnostics 62 Appendix C Hayes References 63 C 1 General Commands...

Страница 6: ...kHz or narrowband 12 5kHz channels with software selectable frequency raster 6 25kHz 12 5kHz or 25kHz Raw air rate 19 2Kbit s 25kHz channels or 9 6Kbit s 12 5kHz channels Half duplex data driven or pa...

Страница 7: ...from electrical equipment such as computers telephones or answering machines Serial cable runs between radio modem and attached terminal equipment eg RTU or PC should be kept as small as possible A m...

Страница 8: ...t apply power to the device unless the clearance described in 1 above has been allowed The guidelines above apply when transmitting at maximum power with an antenna gain of up to 13 dB For further inf...

Страница 9: ...le over either of the Crescendo s serial ports This menu interface can be accessed through any terminal emulation program such as RFI InTerm which can be downloaded from http www rfinnovations com au...

Страница 10: ...I Windows based machine At least 1 available serial port The Cruise Control application is provided on a CD and runs with a self installer 3 2 2 Connecting to a Local Device In order to connect to a l...

Страница 11: ...by selecting File Save As This saves the configuration of the connected device to a selected file The configuration can later be re applied to a device by using the File Upload option or viewed using...

Страница 12: ...set the point to point destination on the auxiliary port value is an optional section that is used to set the value of a configuration parameter If this section is omitted then the value of the config...

Страница 13: ...Transmit Power Displays the configured transmit power as a bar graph Table 3 shows the level for each bar item 4 Temperature Displays the internal temperature as a bar graph Table 3 shows the level f...

Страница 14: ...n when RF data is transmitted Flashes red when an RF user or Tx Sync packet is discarded due to retries being exhausted 2 Rx RF Data Flashes green when RF data is received Flashes red when a received...

Страница 15: ...destination address equal to source address Reserve section of a datagram packet not equal to 0x0000 The last time the radio reset was due to a watchdog reset When a fault occurs it is latched for 15...

Страница 16: ...nfiguration Both main and auxiliary serial ports have internal byte buffers on transmit and receive interfaces This configuration is shown in Figure 2 4096 byte output buffer TX Line input from DTE RX...

Страница 17: ...ed In addition to hardware flow control the CTS and DCD lines can be configured to behave in one of the following ways Always High The control line is always held high Always Low The control line is a...

Страница 18: ...set greater than maximum delay between characters in the same packet Table 6 can also be used as a guide Baud RX Timer 300 35ms 600 18ms 1200 10ms 2400 6ms 4800 4ms 9600 3ms 19200 2ms 38400 2ms 57600...

Страница 19: ...rs that have occurred An overflow error occurs whenever data is received but the internal buffer is already full Rx Overruns 5 The total number of overrun errors that have occurred An overrun error oc...

Страница 20: ...s indicates that the radio serial port configuration baud data bits parity and stop bits does not match the serial port configuration of the DTE A large number of Rx overflow errors indicate that the...

Страница 21: ...es not utilise Unit addressing repeaters Retries routing Complex network structures network address Data driven mode provides a low latency broadcast network where any data presented on the main port...

Страница 22: ...placement It will induce additional latency in the communications link as well as potentially causing changes in the timing between bytes In addition when the link is bad due to interference or low si...

Страница 23: ...their destination For systems that require low latency the Crescendo has a data driven protocol which reduces many of the delays mention above 5 3 Radio Parameters 5 3 1 Addressing Each radio in a Cr...

Страница 24: ...el frequency rasters are 6 25kHz 12 5kHz and 25kHz The channel to be used can be set by adjusting the current channel setting 5 3 5 Retries The maximum number of retries per packet can be configured b...

Страница 25: ...stination Note that this may be less than the total number of repeaters in the network This parameter should be set the same for all units in the network The repeaters in network setting can be config...

Страница 26: ...onsider the scenario shown in Figure 5 and the address allocation given in Table 10 Subnet Subnet Address Radio Radio Address Base subnet 1 Base 1000 Remote 1 1001 Remote 2 1002 Repeater subnet 27 Sto...

Страница 27: ...emote 1B Remote 1A Remote 2A Remote 2B Network A Network B Base 1A Figure 6 Co located networks When co locating Crescendo networks it is important to observe the following If the co located networks...

Страница 28: ...bles Routing traffic to take advantage of store and forward repeaters is covered in section 5 5 on page 28 5 5 Routing Routing of data operates differently depending on the protocol mode that is selec...

Страница 29: ...see section 6 6 on page 38 An example routing table is shown in Figure 7 Routing Table Menu First Addr Last Addr Hop Addr 0 2000 2999 2000 1 3000 4999 3000 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 7 0...

Страница 30: ...ving 5 6 3 Monitor RSSI The monitor RSSI function reports a weighted RSSI value It is different from the average RSSI and average noise values provided above in that it reports a value regardless of w...

Страница 31: ...The number of bytes that have been transmitted Rx Bytes 1 The number of bytes that have been received and processed Tx Blocks 3 The total number of blocks sent Rx Good Blocks 4 The total number blocks...

Страница 32: ...been discarded because the allowed number of singlecast retries was exceeded Rx Bad Headers 7 The total number of packets that have been received where the packet header CRC was incorrect Rx Bad Packe...

Страница 33: ...led changing the radio behaviour to the following Addressing and routing are not used Retries are disabled but error checking is still utilised All data presented to the main serial port is transmitte...

Страница 34: ...forward repeaters When using point to multipoint protocol there are no acknowledgments on transactions This is because multiple units may be receiving the data and if they were to all attempt to ackn...

Страница 35: ...nected or not connected The online LED will be solid green while the connection is up If there is no data being transferred between the end units background polling packets are sent to maintain the co...

Страница 36: ...assed over the air To force the radio to return to local command mode the escape sequence is used The escape sequence consists of a delay greater than the escape guard time default is one second three...

Страница 37: ...The only way to return to the online state is to set DTR high and then issue the ATO command If DTR is low when the ATO command is issued then the radio will immediately return to local mode 6 5 6 Tr...

Страница 38: ...work Protocol DNP The Crescendo supports the Distributed Network Protocol DNP as defined by the DNP Users Group http www dnp org The packet structure for a DNP packet expected on the serial port is sh...

Страница 39: ...eld does not need to be set The source will automatically be set to the radio s local address DP 2 bit The destination serial port This can be either 00 for the main port or 01 for the auxiliary port...

Страница 40: ...stablished Connected if a path exists between the local and remote device Not Connected if there is no communications path No connection established Not Connected Datagram N A Table 15 RF link status...

Страница 41: ...to the associated radio address entry This is a series of one to one mappings Grouped For a grouped entry the packet is sent to the associated radio address if the protocol address is within the range...

Страница 42: ...ith an address of 15 would be sent to radio address 1011 7 A protocol packet with an address of 2 would be sent to radio address 2 Note the unused entry 1 8 Any protocol packet with an address that do...

Страница 43: ...N Main Port 115200 8N1 Hardware Flow RADIO CONFIGURATION Address 1000 PROTOCOL CONFIGURATION Main Point to point to 1001 SERIAL CONFIGURATION Main Port 115200 8N1 Hardware Flow Figure 13 Basic point t...

Страница 44: ...ION Aux Point to point to 1000 Aux Start in local disabled SERIAL CONFIGURATION Aux Port 19200 8N1 Figure 14 Multiple port point to point network Note that the main port on the base is connected to th...

Страница 45: ...int to point network The point to point destination address on the main port of the base unit determines which remote unit the base is connected to To change the point to point destination address on...

Страница 46: ...RATION Main Port Point to point to 1000 SERIAL CONFIGURATION Main Port 38400 8N1 Hardware Flow Figure 16 Point to point network with repeater The following should be noted for the point to point netwo...

Страница 47: ...Port 19200 8N1 Hardware Flow Main Crescendo Remote 1002 RADIO CONFIGURATION Address 1002 PROTOCOL CONFIGURATION Main Port Point to multipoint SERIAL CONFIGURATION Main Port 19200 8N1 Hardware Flow DTE...

Страница 48: ...ONFIGURATION Main Port Point to multipoint SERIAL CONFIGURATION Main Port 19200 8N1 2ms RX Timer Crescendo Remote 2000 RTU RADIO CONFIGURATION Rx Address 2000 Broadcast Retransmissions 4 Repeaters in...

Страница 49: ...RADIO CONFIGURATION Rx Address 1002 PROTOCOL CONFIGURATION Main Port Hayes Dial up Auxiliary Port Start in local mode disabled SERIAL CONFIGURATION Main Port 115200 8N1 Aux Port 115200 8N1 DTE Main DT...

Страница 50: ...rescendo Repeater 3000 DTE RADIO CONFIGURATION Rx Address 3001 Repeaters in Network 2 ROUTING TABLE Route 1000 3999 to 3000 PROTOCOL CONFIGURATION Main Port Hayes Dial up SERIAL CONFIGURATION Main Por...

Страница 51: ...1000 SERIAL CONFIGURATION Main Port 19200 8N1 2ms RX Timer RTU 3 Main Crescendo Remote 2001 RTU 4 RADIO CONFIGURATION Rx Address 2001 Repeaters in Network 1 Max Packet Size 267 PROTOCOL CONFIGURATION...

Страница 52: ...Timer RTU 3 Main Crescendo Remote 2001 RTU 4 RADIO CONFIGURATION Rx Address 2001 Repeaters in Network 1 Max Packet Size 304 PROTOCOL CONFIGURATION Main Port DNP ROUTING TABLE Route 1000 1099 to 2000...

Страница 53: ...OL CONFIGURATION Main Port Datagram SERIAL CONFIGURATION Main Port 38400 8N1 Hardware Flow Main Crescendo Remote 2 1002 DTE Main RADIO CONFIGURATION Rx Address 1002 PROTOCOL CONFIGURATION Main Port Da...

Страница 54: ...Hz 25kHz RF Frequency Raster Selectable 25kHz 12 5kHz 6 25kHz RF Output Selectable Carrier Power 13 8VDC nominal 0 20 27 30 36 37dBm Continuous duty cycle rated Receiver Sensitivity 104dBm at a BER of...

Страница 55: ...sing at 50 C Connectors Power Phoenix PH1776508 Main Serial Port DB9 RS 232 Female Auxiliary Serial Port DB9 RS 232 Female Serial Port Impedance 3 7 kohm nominal RF BNC Female 50 ohm nominal Table 17...

Страница 56: ...1 Main Serial Port PIN Function Direction 1 DCD Output 2 RxD Output 3 TxD Input 4 DTR Input 5 GND 6 N A 7 RTS Input 8 CTS Output 9 N A Table 19 Main connector pin out A 3 2 Auxiliary Serial Port PIN...

Страница 57: ...74 A 4 Dimensions Length 158 mm Width 101 6 mm Height 43 4 mm Table 21 Nominal dimensions without mounting plate Length 188 mm Width 100 mm Height 2 mm Table 22 Nominal dimensions of mounting plate U...

Страница 58: ...Appendix A Technical Specifications Crescendo VHF Half Duplex User Manual Page 58 of 74 A 4 1 Mounting Plate Dimensions Figure 24 Mounting plate dimensions...

Страница 59: ...aximum packet payload 24 S170 Broadcast Retransmissions Sets the number of times a broadcast packet is retransmitted 24 S38 Singlecast Retries Sets the number of times a packet is retried before it is...

Страница 60: ...configuration and diagnostics B 3 Serial Port Configuration and Diagnostics Serial Port Page AT Main Flow Control The main port flow control operation 17 S104 Main DCD Mode The rule for controlling D...

Страница 61: ...driven mode 34 S71 Point to multi point Receive Mode The receive address mode strict or relaxed 34 S64 Hayes Dial up Protocol Wait for Carrier Number of seconds to wait for a connection 35 S7 Auto Ans...

Страница 62: ...1 Load Configuration Reloads all configuration from EEPROM discarding changes made with AT commands 62 Z Save Configuration Saves all configuration changes made with AT commands to EEPROM 62 W Data Dr...

Страница 63: ...all be numeric ATV1 Enables verbal responses ATZ Initialise Reloads all the configuration settings AT C1 Clear RF Statistics AT F1 Factory Reset Performs a complete factory reset AT D Hayes DTR Mode 0...

Страница 64: ...es mode Table 29 Hayes general commands C 2 Connection Management Commands Command Name Notes ATT Traceroute Starts a traceroute diagnostic to a destination radio See section 6 5 6 ATD ATDT ATDP Dial...

Страница 65: ...set to 0 for main or 1 for auxiliary Command Name Notes ATS0 Rings Before Answer Sets or returns the current number of rings before auto answer ATS1 Auto Answer 0 Disabled 1 Enabled ATS2 Escape Chara...

Страница 66: ...nt 2 Hayes Dial up 3 Datagram 4 Log ATS71 Point to point Mode 0 Connectionless 1 Connection Based ATS90 Main Port DCD Mode This command cannot have a p port specifier 0 Always High 1 Always Low 2 Mirr...

Страница 67: ...9600 7 14400 8 19200 9 38400 ATS101 Parity 0 None 1 Even 2 Odd ATS102 Data Bits 0 7 1 8 ATS103 Stop Bits 0 1 1 2 ATS104 Main Port Flow Control This command cannot have a p port specifier 0 None 2 Hard...

Страница 68: ...eferences Crescendo VHF Half Duplex User Manual Page 68 of 74 C 5 R Registers Command Name Notes ATR5 Manufacture Date ATR6 Serial Number ATR9 Firmware Build Date ATR10 EEPROM Status Table 33 Hayes R...

Страница 69: ...n Network 0 Max Packet Size 4096 bytes Broadcast Retransmissions 5 Singlecast Retries 5 Routing Table empty Channel Channel Width 12 5 or 25 kHz model dependant Current Channel 0 Channels Tx and Rx 0...

Страница 70: ...art In Local Mode Main Disabled Aux Enabled Point to point Mode Connection Based Receive Addressing Strict Datagram Footer Mode CRC 32 Hayes Dial up Wait for Carrier 10 seconds Auto Answer On Rings Be...

Страница 71: ...Y BAND RF MODE CHANNEL BANDWIDTH AIR RATE OPERATING MODE COMPLIANCE CLASSIFICATIO N 150 VHF H Half Duplex N 12 5 kHz L 1200 240 0 BD Bit Driven 0 Unlicensed 290 VHF HS Half Duplex Separate Tx Rx Ports...

Страница 72: ...tish Naval Connector CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CTS Clear To Send DCD Data Carrier Detect DCE Data Communications Equipment radio modem DTE Data Terminal Equipment computer device DTR Data Terminal R...

Страница 73: ...ics 62 Baud 60 Broadcast Retransmissions 59 Build Date 62 Channel Width 59 Clear Event Log 62 Current Channel 59 Data Bits 60 Data Driven MAC 62 Data Quality 59 60 DTR Mode 61 Echo 61 EEPROM Status 62...

Страница 74: ...Network 43 Multiple Destination Network 43 44 Product Identification Table 71 Radio Statistics 30 31 Radio Status LEDs 14 Relaxed Addressing 34 Repeater 28 Repeaters in Network 25 Retransmissions 24...

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