R01UH0823EJ0100 Rev.1.00
Page 79 of 1823
Jul 31, 2019
RX23W Group
2. CPU
2.3
Processor Mode
The RXv2 CPU supports two processor modes, supervisor and user. These processor modes and the memory protection
function enable the realization of a hierarchical CPU resource protection and memory protection mechanism. Each
processor mode imposes a level on rights of access to memory and the instructions that can be executed. Supervisor
mode carries greater rights than user mode. The initial state after a reset is supervisor mode.
2.3.1
Supervisor Mode
In supervisor mode, all CPU resources are accessible and all instructions are available. However, writing to the processor
mode select bit (PM) in the processor status word (PSW) by executing an MVTC or a POPC instruction will be ignored.
For details on how to write to the PM bit, refer to
section 2.2.2.5, Processor Status Word (PSW)
.
2.3.2
User Mode
In user mode, write access to the CPU resources listed below is restricted. The restriction applies to any instruction
capable of write access.
Some bits (bits IPL[3:0], PM, U, and I) in the processor status word (PSW)
Interrupt stack pointer (ISP)
Exception table register (EXTB)
Interrupt table register (INTB)
Backup PSW (BPSW)
Backup PC (BPC)
Fast interrupt vector register (FINTV)
2.3.3
Privileged Instruction
Privileged instructions can only be executed in supervisor mode. Executing a privileged instruction in user mode
produces a privileged instruction exception. Privileged instructions include the RTFI, MVTIPL, RTE, and WAIT
instructions.
2.3.4
Switching Between Processor Modes
Manipulating the processor mode select bit (PM) in the processor status word (PSW) switches the processor mode.
However, rewriting to the PM bit by executing an MVTC or a POPC instruction is prohibited. Switch the processor mode
by following the procedures described below.
(1) Switching from user mode to supervisor mode
After an exception has been generated, the PSW.PM bit is set to 0 and the CPU switches to supervisor mode. The
hardware pre-processing is executed in supervisor mode. The state of the processor mode before the exception was
generated is retained in the copy of PSW.PM bit is saved on the stack.
(2) Switching from supervisor mode to user mode
Executing an RTE instruction when the value of the copy of the PSW.PM bit that has been preserved on the stack is 1 or
an RTFI instruction when the value of the copy of the PSW.PM bit that has been preserved in the backup PSW (BPSW)
is 1 causes a transition to user mode. In the transition to user mode, the value of the stack pointer designation bit (the U
bit in the PSW) becomes 1.