Red Hat ENTERPRISE LINUX 5 - VIRTUAL SERVER ADMINISTRATION, Руководство по развертыванию

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Chapter 1. File System Structure
4
1.2.1.1. The
/boot/
Directory
The
/boot/
directory contains static files required to boot the system, such as the Linux kernel.
These files are essential for the system to boot properly.
Warning
Do not remove the
/boot/
directory. Doing so renders the system unbootable.
1.2.1.2. The
/dev/
Directory
The
/dev/
directory contains device nodes that either represent devices that are attached to the
system or virtual devices that are provided by the kernel. These device nodes are essential for the
system to function properly. The
udev
demon takes care of creating and removing all these device
nodes in
/dev/
.
Devices in the
/dev
directory and subdirectories are either character (providing only a serial stream
of input/output) or block (accessible randomly). Character devices include mouse, keyboard, modem
while block devices include hard disk, floppy drive etc. If you have GNOME or KDE installed in
your system, devices such as external drives or cds are automatically detected when connected
(e.g via usb) or inserted (e.g via CD or DVD drive) and a popup window displaying the contents is
automatically displayed. Files in the
/dev
directory are essential for the system to function properly.
File Description
/dev/hda The master device on primary IDE channel.
/dev/hdb The slave device on primary IDE channel.
/dev/tty0 The first virtual console.
/dev/tty1 The second virtual console.
/dev/sda The first device on primary SCSI or SATA
channel.
/dev/lp0 The first parallel port.
Table 1.1. Examples of common files in the
/dev
1.2.1.3. The
/etc/
Directory
The
/etc/
directory is reserved for configuration files that are local to the machine. No binaries are to
be placed in
/etc/
. Any binaries that were once located in
/etc/
should be placed into
/sbin/
or
/
bin/
.
Examples of directories in
/etc
are the
X11/
and
skel/
:
/etc
|- X11/
|- skel/
The
/etc/X11/
directory is for X Window System configuration files, such as
xorg.conf
. The
/
etc/skel/
directory is for "skeleton" user files, which are used to populate a home directory when a
user is first created. Applications also store their configuration files in this directory and may reference
them when they are executed.