VNA concepts and features
R&S
®
ZNL/ZNLE
291
User Manual 1178.5966.02 ─ 19
C
G
R
L
Balun
Differential Matching Network
In contrast to standard balanced embedding (4-port), the matching circuit is only
applied to the differential mode port (2-port). It can be specified via a Touchstone s2p
file or by parametrizing a lumped "Shunt L, Shunt C" element model.
9.6.2.9
Combining Several de-/embedding networks
The R&S
ZNL/ZNLE allows you to select a combination of networks to be numerically
added/removed at different layers
●
2-port networks at single ended physical ports
●
4-port networks at pairs of single ended physical ports
●
4-port networks at balanced logical ports
●
1-port ground loop networks
●
2-port differential match embedding networks at balanced logical ports
The different steps for deembedding and embedding are carried out in the following
order:
Figure 9-7: De-/Embedding calculation flow
This means that the real networks are removed before virtual networks are added.
The (de-)embedding steps are carried out in the following order:
1. Single Ended Deembedding: every physical port can be deembedded from a single
2-port network
2. Port Set Deembedding: every port pair can be deembedded from a sequence of 4-
port networks.
Offset parameters and de-/embedding
