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Titra

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TitraLab 870 Reference Manual

Page 125

Equivalent point
determination
(IP methods)

An equivalent point of a titrated species/titrant reaction is determined
in two ways depending on the titrant addition mode selected:

Continuous addition of the titrant (Continuous IP method):

•

acquisition of the titration curve E (electrode) = f (volume of titrant
dispensed),

•

calculation of the first derivative curve with smoothing process
(method parameter: smoothing criterion),

•

determination of the second derivative curve,

•

determination of the inflection points on the first derivative curve
from the minimum and maximum of the second derivative curve,

•

determination of the tangents to the first derivative curve for these
two inflection points,

•

determination of the equivalent point as the intersection of the two
tangents.

Figure 22: Determination of an equivalent point - Continuous IP method

An equivalent point is determined and plotted live on the titration
curve. The method can be stopped after a given number of equivalent
points has been detected.

E or pH

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Содержание TitraLab 870

Страница 1: ...TitraLab 870 pH EP IP EC ISE Titration Workstation Reference Manual D21T060...

Страница 2: ...D21T060 Printed by Radiometer Analytical SAS 2008 02F...

Страница 3: ...ry 41 0IP result indicator 43 ABU1 ABU2 43 Accept a result 43 Acceptance criteria 44 Acceptation 45 Access routine mode 45 Active electrode unknown in method ID 45 Add method menu 46 Add reagent Titra...

Страница 4: ...on 62 Balance in use 63 Bar code reader connection 63 Batch number 63 Beaker detection 64 Beaker detection minimum height 65 Beaker menu 66 Beakers F L 67 Beep 67 Blank Yes No 67 Blank concentration 6...

Страница 5: ...Check electrodes 78 Check reagents 79 Communication failure SAC error 79 Concentration 79 Concentration unit 79 Conductivity cell 79 Conductivity cell calibration 80 Conductivity measurement method 80...

Страница 6: ...sconnect electrodes 97 Display contrast 97 Display measurement 98 Dyn rinse 99 Dynamic dose 100 Dynamic IP method 101 Dynamic rinses 102 E0 standard potential 102 EC socket 103 Edit electrode menu 104...

Страница 7: ...ula 123 Equation ID 123 Equation unit 124 Equivalent point determination IP methods 125 Equivalent point determination IP methods 126 ERR 32 SAC error 127 Error messages 128 Error in equation formula...

Страница 8: ...ammation 143 Iso pH 144 Keyboard connection 145 Keyboard connection Important 146 Language 146 Linear temperature correction 146 Low result indicator 146 Main window 147 Mains frequency 147 Man stop r...

Страница 9: ...161 No curve generation for a reprocessing 161 No curve stored within the instrument 161 No stirrer SAC error 162 None temperature correction 162 Notification message 162 Number of additions 163 Numb...

Страница 10: ...Printouts setup 179 Printouts title 179 Programming method 180 Programming sequence 181 Proportional band 182 QC result indicator 182 QC analysis required 182 QC data menu 183 QC ID 183 QC not require...

Страница 11: ...eplace electrodes 198 Replace reagent 199 Replacing reagent bottle 199 Reprocessing a curve 200 Reprocessing a curve rules 201 Reprocessing a curve Automatic mode 202 Reprocessing a curve Manual mode...

Страница 12: ...0 Sample changer 221 Sample changer cable A95A202 SAC80 SAC90 222 Sample changer cable A95X501 SAC850 SAC950 222 Sample dilution conflict 223 Sample ID 223 Sample menu 223 Sample preparation no 224 Sa...

Страница 13: ...tart from 238 Start timer 239 Static rinses 239 Static rinse time 239 Statistics 239 Std add volume Automatic Programmed 239 Std conc too low or high 240 Stirring 241 Stoichiometric coefficients 242 S...

Страница 14: ...hod 251 User ID Yes No 251 User list 251 User s rights 252 Valency 253 Viewing global variables 253 Volume 253 Vstd max result indicator 253 Working mode 254 Wrong buffer 254 Wrong type SAC error 254...

Страница 15: ...ime setting up your application Thanks to the preprogrammed applications the Titration Manager is ready for use as soon as it has been installed Refer to Appendix 1 Preprogrammed methods page 257 The...

Страница 16: ...t of 2005 In conformity with European local and national regulations EU Directive 2002 96 EC European electrical equipment users must now return old or end of life equipment to the Producer for dispos...

Страница 17: ...tween 20 and 80 Connect the mains socket of the TIM870 to the mains supply using the 3 lead power cord provided The TIM870 must be connected to an earthed mains socket for safety reasons Efficient gro...

Страница 18: ...gue list page 74 Other see Others list page 167 Copy from see Copy electrode page 84 When creating the electrode define if electrode calibration is required or not if yes specify the periodicity of th...

Страница 19: ...tate of your working system Refer to Electrode icons page 116 Refer to Reagent icons page 193 Sunny icons are needed in order to run the selected method If Cloudy Stormy Question mark icons are displa...

Страница 20: ...TitraLab TitraLab 870 Reference Manual Page 20 B Running methods To run a method or sequence see Working in Routine mode page 21...

Страница 21: ...isplayed the Titration Manager will automatically guide you through the steps necessary to run the analysis see below a Connect the electrode s Connect install electrodes and temperature sensors Refer...

Страница 22: ...TitraLab TitraLab 870 Reference Manual Page 22...

Страница 23: ...Practical examples s...

Страница 24: ......

Страница 25: ...For a combined or a simple electrode or for a reference electrode enter the potential in mV of the reference versus the Standard Hydrogen Electrode SHE For a combined or a simple electrode if you have...

Страница 26: ...parame ters 8 Press 1 9 Enter the electrode calibration parameters Press Esc then 2 10 Select the buffer solutions used Press Esc then 3 11 Enter the results parameters Press Esc then 4 12 Enter the p...

Страница 27: ...talogue list or Others list Enter the target titre and unit Press 1 to confirm 5 Confirm the creation of the new reagent 6 Enter the burette address Select Titre Calibrate if a cali bration is require...

Страница 28: ...n This electrode must be the one defined in the method using this reagent Enter the calibration parame ters Press Esc then 2 10 Enter the parameters of the standard used for the calibration Press Esc...

Страница 29: ...Press 1 3 Enter ID Press 1 to confirm 4 Enter method parameters Specify the Mode see Mode page 159 5 Press 1 6 Press and select the electrode s from the list s Do not forget to select the same electro...

Страница 30: ...ter the Sample parameters Press Esc then 3 8 Enter the results parameters Press Esc then 4 9 Enter the printouts parameters If a QC sample has been defined in step 4 press Esc then 5 10 Enter the QC d...

Страница 31: ...ed Reprocessing method to reprocess automatically the last curve obtained by the instrument see Reprocessing a curve Automatic mode page 202 1 Press 4 2 Press 1 3 Enter the Method ID and press 1 to co...

Страница 32: ...TitraLab TitraLab 870 Reference Manual Page 32...

Страница 33: ...ger is used 1 Select Sequence 2 Press 2 3 Enter a name for the sequence 4 Press 3 5 Press 1 to add a method 6 Select the type of method 7 Select a method in the list of available methods 8 Press 1 to...

Страница 34: ...ference Manual Page 34 10 Press 1 to add a second method to the sequence Repeat steps 6 to 9 Up to 10 methods can be chained in a sequence After having added the last method press Esc twice Sequence p...

Страница 35: ...le changer SAC80 SAC90 SAC850 or SAC950 is used 1 Press Stop for 3 seconds to enter the Setup menu 2 Press 1 3 Select a Sample Changer SAC80 SAC90 SAC850 or SAC950 Enter the parameters of the sample c...

Страница 36: ...0 Select a method in the list of available methods 11 Press 1 to add the method to the sequence 12 If Sample has been selected in step 9 enter the number of samples number of times you wish to repeat...

Страница 37: ...ference Manual Page 37 13 Press 1 to add a second method to the sequence Repeat steps 9 to 12 Up to 10 methods can be chained in a sequence After having added the last method press Esc twice Sequence...

Страница 38: ...pH electrodes page 69 4 Calibrate enter reagent titre Refer to Calibrate reagents page 69 Refer to Enter titre page 111 If Sunny icons appear These are required to run the selected method If the Clou...

Страница 39: ...traLab 870 Reference Manual Page 39 When a Stormy or a Question mark icon appears press 1 Check The Titration Manager will automatically guide you through the operations necessary to solve the errors...

Страница 40: ...TitraLab TitraLab 870 Reference Manual Page 40...

Страница 41: ...Glossary...

Страница 42: ......

Страница 43: ...f the Titration Manager Figure 1 ABU1 and ABU2 ABU1 and ABU2 identify the ABU52 used for electrode connections and burette installations see Address page 50 Two ABU52 Biburettes can be connected to on...

Страница 44: ...n sensitivity Max sensitivity page 156 the pH0 of a pH electrode see Min pH0 25 Max pH0 25 page 156 Acceptance criteria No The Supervisor or Routine user is free to accept reject the results Enter in...

Страница 45: ...ange available 0 to 59 59 min s Access routine mode Press Stop for 3 seconds from the Main window then press 2 These rules can be set by the Supervisor to allow the routine user access to certain oper...

Страница 46: ...Method type Sample measurement or titration method to be performed on samples Electrode calibration calibration of pH or ISE electrodes calibration of conductivity cells Reagent calibration calibratio...

Страница 47: ...method when you want to perform 2 or 3 reagent additions successively or simultaneously Refer to Addition method definition page 48 Enter in Edit method Parameters Edit reagent Calibration parameters...

Страница 48: ...use is to place an Addition method in a Coupled method before a Measurement method Programming an Addition method 1 In the Edit method menu select Mode Addition 2 On the next line enter the number of...

Страница 49: ...For the Auxiliary output parameter see Auxiliary output page 55 In an Addition method it is not possible to run 2 additions of the same reagent In an titration method it is also possible to run one re...

Страница 50: ...ded to connect an indicating electrode and its associated reference to the same instrument TIM ABU1 or ABU2 Refer to Electrode connection page 114 Burette The burette address is defined using the form...

Страница 51: ...from the diluted sample This amount is used for analysis Figure 3 What is an aliquot Enter in Edit method Sample Range available 0 001 to 100000 unit Sample unit The quantity of species present in the...

Страница 52: ...C Specifies the current type alternative AC or direct DC to be sent to the Pt Pt socket on the Titration Manager The AC signal frequency is 1 67 Hz This option is available if mV i 0 has been selected...

Страница 53: ...may not be the case the user must know the status of the working system at all times Enter in Setup menu Configuration menu Autochaining This option is valid for a Coupled method which is not part of...

Страница 54: ...tration Manager The red banana socket receives the TTL 0 5 V auxiliary signal and the black banana socket is connected to the instrument electrical zero Proceed as follows to trigger a sequence of met...

Страница 55: ...by Aux on for Whole titration The auxiliary signal is initiated at titration start before predose if rele vant and lasts the whole titration Aux on for Time during which the auxiliary signal is set t...

Страница 56: ...hich has not been defined Press and enter a back titration ID in the Parameters screen of the method Back titration An excess of reagent is added to the sample and after a short time the excess is the...

Страница 57: ...gent is defined using its titre and volume in the Parameters screen This reagent is not selected in the Reagent library Back titration Automatic This is a back titration where the excess reagent is ad...

Страница 58: ...DTE Female 9 pin 1 m Titration Manager Balance socket RxD TxD DTR GND DSR RTS CTS A95Z201 1 3 2 5 7 4 6 20 DCE Male 25 pin RTS CTS DSR GND DTR TxD RxD BALANCE METTLER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DTE Female 9 pi...

Страница 59: ...DTE Female 9 pin 2 m Titration Manager Balance socket RxD TxD DTR GND DSR RTS CTS A95Z204 1 2 3 5 7 4 20 DTR 25 DTE Male 25 pin Gnd Return CTS GND TxD RxD BALANCE SARTORIUS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DTE Femal...

Страница 60: ...5 6 7 8 9 DTE Female 9 pin 1 m Titration Manager Balance socket RxD TxD DTR GND DSR RTS CTS A95Z206 12 2 3 13 METTLER PLUG 15 pin CTS GND TxD RxD BALANCE METTLER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DTE Female 9 pin 1 2...

Страница 61: ...ual Page 61 Balance cables A95Z208 Figure 10 Balance cable A95Z208 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 m RxD TxD DTR GND DSR RTS CTS A95Z208 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 RJ45 Male 8 pin GND TxD RxD BALANCE PRECISA Titration Manag...

Страница 62: ...first character in the mes sage and the g in the unit must not be more than 30 spaces not included The number of characters received after the g and before the end of the message LF is insignificant T...

Страница 63: ...duce the sample into the titration cell 7 Weigh the empty sample container 8 Press in the field Test 1 9 Press to accept the sample amount 10 Press 1 to continue the titration Make sure that the sampl...

Страница 64: ...n a SAC950 with the Beaker cover module installed the Beaker detection module is also able to detect all beakers covered by appro priate metal lids the sample changer User s Guide chapter 7 Acces sori...

Страница 65: ...0 x 131 10 mm 40 ml 250 ml low form 70 x 95 10 mm 40 ml 250 ml tall form 60 x 120 10 mm 30 ml 125 ml Gosselin PP 54 x 73 10 mm 25 ml X31T087 pack of 50 180 ml Gosselin PP 54 x 103 10 mm 25 ml X31V005...

Страница 66: ...ted in the Edit sequence menu Refer to Edit sequence menu page 107 Refer to Sample stack page 225 To access for a reagent calibration stack 1 Select Working mode SAC Sequence in the Main window 2 In t...

Страница 67: ...volume is saved with the method If you start again this method you have the choice between running an analysis with the blank alone or running an analysis of the sample with subtraction of the blank...

Страница 68: ...determined and stored along with the method If the method is restarted you will be given the choice to run a sample analysis or a blank analysis For a sample analysis using an End point method a blan...

Страница 69: ...burette the maximum burette speed is 1 5 times the nominal value i e 75 ml min Burette volume The burette volume is entered while installing or replacing the burette This volume is indicated on the bu...

Страница 70: ...vity cells are given below Figure 13 Cable capacities of Radiometer Analytical conductivity cells If you create a conductivity cell from the Catalogue list the cable capacity is automatically assigned...

Страница 71: ...nces of Radiometer Analytical conductivity cells If you create a conductivity cell from the Catalogue list the cable resistance is automatically assigned to the conductivity cell created and cannot be...

Страница 72: ...inflection point no n or the volume delivered between the inflection points no n 1 and n Enter in Edit method Results Calibrate electrodes Refer to Electrode calibration conductivity page 108 Refer to...

Страница 73: ...Electrode type pH single pH combined w o temperature sensor ISE single ISE combined w o temperature sensor Conductivity w o temperature sensor Select the option Calibrate request Yes to calibrate elec...

Страница 74: ...e cell constant is a specification of the conductivity cell and is normally provided by the cell manufacturer If you do not know the cell constant value or if you want to check its value select Calibr...

Страница 75: ...Edit electrode menu see Cell constant parameter page 74 or determine K by calibrating the conductivity cell see Electrode calibration conductivity page 108 Cell grounding Defines the grounding of the...

Страница 76: ...3 In the ID field enter the new name for the electrode 16 characters maximum Change method name 1 Display the Main window 2 Press 4 then 2 3 In the ID field enter the new name 16 characters maximum C...

Страница 77: ...SAC sequence If the SAC Sequence command is not available declare a Sample Changer SAC80 SAC90 SAC850 SAC950 in the Setup Configuration menu Supervisor access only Refer to Sample changer page 221 2 P...

Страница 78: ...command The Titration Manager will automatically guide you through the operations required to solve the problems encountered For example Check electrodes Press 3 in the Electrode window to display th...

Страница 79: ...estart the sequence It is not possible to continue the sequence from the point it stopped Concentration Concentration of the titrated species present in the standard Enter in Edit reagent Standard Ran...

Страница 80: ...lowing equation in S cm 1 K x G in S The conductivity determined at the sample temperature can be corrected back to a reference temperature of your choice enter the reference tem perature and a variat...

Страница 81: ...menu page 230 Connections ABU52 Refer to ABU1 ABU2 page 43 Balance Refer to Balance connection page 62 Bar code reader Refer to Bar code reader connection page 63 Electrodes Refer to Electrode connect...

Страница 82: ...d vice versa This prevents overshooting the equivalent point Figure 15 Continuous IP Titrant addition speed Using a Continuous IP method higher the slope of the titration curve is higher the number of...

Страница 83: ...se the contrast Proceed as follows to adjust the contrast of the ABU52 display from the Titration Manager Display the Cell window At the line Instrument select the ABU52 ABU1 or ABU2 you want to adjus...

Страница 84: ...lectrode will be called ID id 8 Press 1 to confirm then 2 Copy from electrode 9 In the Library field select the Preprogrammed or User list 10 In the ID field select the electrode to be copied from the...

Страница 85: ...Enter the Reagents window 2 Press 4 then 1 3 Press in the New reagent menu 4 Select From Catalogue 5 In the ID field select a reagent name from the Catalogue list 6 Enter the approximate titre for th...

Страница 86: ...thods in different beakers it is necessary to program a Sequence instead of a Coupled method Example Combination of method 1 and method 2 The number of test portions for example 3 is entered during pr...

Страница 87: ...the internal pH pH int of the electrode Refer to pH int page 170 For combined pH Metal Redox or ISE electrodes or for a Conductivity electrode select if the electrode has a built in temperature sensor...

Страница 88: ...agents 5 In the ID field enter the reagent name up to 14 alphanumeric characters It is advised to enter the chemical formula of the reagent followed by its concentration e g HCl 0 1 6 Enter the approx...

Страница 89: ...Cal Data kept Methods kept The last curve data acquisition is lost Generally this error occurs when the instrument is switched off while an analysis is in progress Customise A name max 16 alphanumeric...

Страница 90: ...gent addition This time allows the solution to stabilise after a reagent addition and before the next titration starts While an addition method is running you can carry on regardless this delay by pre...

Страница 91: ...ify the method or sequence e g change reagent ID or remove the reagent before deleting Delete sequence Deleting a sequence consists of removing all the methods present in the sequence Refer to Empty s...

Страница 92: ...ration periodicity has elapsed QC sample analysis If a QC sample periodicity has been reached the routine user is able to run the method without having to use a QC sample Sequence edition The routine...

Страница 93: ...y default The header comprises the analysis name time and date the instrument serial number and the laboratory coordinates Electrode data electrode serial number electrode calibration data and results...

Страница 94: ...ameters of the method to be reprocessed Refer to Reprocessing a curve Manual mode page 203 Direction Determines whether the addition of titrant increases or decreases the pH or mV value This parameter...

Страница 95: ...e slope sensitivity at 25 C T temperature of the solution in K T25 298 16 K C concentration of sample C0 detection limit concentration It is the experimental detection limit of the electrode regarding...

Страница 96: ...both standards and samples add a supporting electrolyte in the standards and samples The samples must not contain a significant amount of interfering ions Use the same temperature for your standards a...

Страница 97: ...all connected electrodes Proceed as follows 1 Press 2 in the Electrode window 2 Press 2 Disconnect electrodes 3 Disconnect electrode from rear panel 4 Press to confirm 5 Repeat steps 3 and 4 for all...

Страница 98: ...risation current in A mV i 0 measurement mode for a double metal electrode The polarisation signal parameters are entered in the Method parameters or Reagent parameters menus Refer to Applied signal A...

Страница 99: ...able for static rinses static rinse beaker no 1 R1 Refer to Number of static rinses page 166 At the end of a dynamic rinse the electrodes are left above a nearly emptied rinse beaker The beaker contai...

Страница 100: ...increments cannot be greater than the Maximum dose The higher the value is the larger the increments will be Decreasing the Dynamic dose value slows down the titration but leads to more accurate titra...

Страница 101: ...ze is inversely proportional to the slope of the titration curve In Dynamic IP one measurement is saved per increment added Figure 18 Dynamic IP method size of the increments Select a Dynamic IP metho...

Страница 102: ...can be programmed Steps 2 and 3 are performed under stirring A Dynamic rinse performed in a Sample beaker consists of the follow ing operations 1 The electrodes are dipped into the Sample beaker The b...

Страница 103: ...ctivity cells can be connected to the EC socket Figure 19 Radiometer Analytical conductivity cells This conductivity cell is present in the TIM870 electrode library Catalogue list Conductivity cell wi...

Страница 104: ...the electrode calibration data if relevant To access 1 Press 4 in the Electrode window 2 Press 2 Edit electrode if an electrode calibration is requested the following menus are accessible using the a...

Страница 105: ...ata To access 1 Press 4 in the Main window 2 Press 2 Edit method The following menus are accessible using the arrow keys Method parameters Refer to Method parameters menu page 153 Sample Refer to Samp...

Страница 106: ...the reagent calibration data if relevant To access 1 Press 4 in the Reagents window 2 Press 2 Edit reagent if an electrode calibration is requested the following menus are accessible using the arrow k...

Страница 107: ...sequence The ID and type of the selected method cannot be modified at this level They are defined in the Add method or Insert method menu Refer to Add method menu page 46 Refer to Insert method menu...

Страница 108: ...erature range of the standard used see Standard conductivity standard page 235 6 After stabilisation or at the end of the maximum stabilisation time the TIM870 calculates the standard conductivity at...

Страница 109: ...5 comes from the last multi point calibration performed or is equal to the default value 59 16 mV pC for a monovalent ion C0 0 The calibration results are saved with the electrode To consult the calib...

Страница 110: ...calibration For a 1 point calibration only the zero pH is calculated the slope comes from the last calibration performed or is equal to the default value 59 16 mV pH unit The calibration results are s...

Страница 111: ...D21T085 for a SAC850 or SAC950 4 Connect the electrode system see Electrode connection page 114 5 Press 1 Calibrate electrodes in the Electrode window 6 Select the electrode from the list of the elec...

Страница 112: ...electrode reagent calibration method Electrode calibration parameters This menu contains the general parameters concerning the electrode calibration method measurement stabilisation criteria in parti...

Страница 113: ...ng the running number in the sequence for example 1 15 2 15 etc and the name of the buffer solution Place the beakers in the numbered position on the sample changer If rinses are programmed position t...

Страница 114: ...below For example pHC2001 to address TIM E1 Refer to Address page 50 5 Press 1 to confirm Figure 20 Electrode sockets Table 3 Connecting electrodes If the current method in use requires an electrode d...

Страница 115: ...reference of the pH electrode disconnected from the ground This is because it is the double platinum electrode or the conductivity cell that provides the connection to the instrument ground It involv...

Страница 116: ...set for the calibration at least one calibration result lies outside the programmed acceptance limits At least one of the electrodes present in the system has not been installed Question mark The elec...

Страница 117: ...her parameters are Type Address Electrode library To access press 4 in Electrode window The electrode library comprises the following menus and commands Figure 21 Electrode library overview Electrode...

Страница 118: ...age 132 The electrode type is defined when a new electrode is created Refer to Create electrode page 87 The different electrode types are listed below Table 4 Electrode functions and types If Combined...

Страница 119: ...e 1 Enter the Burette functions menu 2 Select the burette in the Address field see Address page 50 3 Press 2 Empty The burette is emptied at maximum speed approximate emptying time 25 s Empty sequence...

Страница 120: ...to reach the end point and the count down of the End point delay is repeated Enter in Edit method Parameters menu end point method Edit reagent Calibration parameters menu end point method Range avai...

Страница 121: ...urrent titrant 2 If necessary install the reagent 3 Press 1 in the Reagent window 4 Press and select the reagent from the list 5 Press 1 enter user ID press 1 to confirm 6 Enter the titre value in the...

Страница 122: ...23 24 2 34E 5 Constants pi 3 141592654 e 2 718281828 base of the Natural loga rithm Ri where i 1 to 8 Result no i calculated for the method Ei where i 1 to 4 for EP and 1 to 8 for IP Potential differ...

Страница 123: ...If you change an equation result name for example from E1 to My result the equations taking this result into account continue to use the original operand name E1 in our example Refer to Equation formu...

Страница 124: ...TitraLab TitraLab 870 Reference Manual Page 124 Equation unit Use the numeric keypad to enter the units of the result calculated using the equation n 1 or 2 Enter in Edit method Results...

Страница 125: ...s method parameter smoothing criterion determination of the second derivative curve determination of the inflection points on the first derivative curve from the minimum and maximum of the second deri...

Страница 126: ...vative curve determination of the maxima of the first derivative curve using the IP filter parameter These maxima correspond to the zeros of the second derivative curve determination of the equivalent...

Страница 127: ...TitraLab TitraLab 870 Reference Manual Page 127 ERR 32 SAC error Refer to SAC switch Off On SAC error page 219...

Страница 128: ...mpatible for a reprocessing see page 154 Method wrong type see page 154 Missing EP see page 159 Missing IP see page 159 No curve generation for a reprocessing see page 161 No curve stored within the i...

Страница 129: ...rom a Users or Preprogrammed list Refer to Back titration No Manual Automatic page 57 Range available 20 alphanumeric characters with units mM M mN or N Enter in Edit method menu Method parameters for...

Страница 130: ...Use the UP and DOWN keys to select the month Expiry date elapsed The reagent expiry date has elapsed Replace the reagent The expiry date is entered while installing the reagent Fill burette 1 Enter t...

Страница 131: ...r a 10 ml burette and 10 ml for a 50 ml burette The length of the Flush procedure depends on the volume of the burette You can also flush simultaneously all installed burettes see Global flush burette...

Страница 132: ...efer to Electrode type page 118 Fuses For continued protection replace the fuse with one of a high interrupting capacity same type and rating 2 x fuses slow blow 1 0 A 5 x 20 mm part no 450 020 To rep...

Страница 133: ...ette volume 4 ml Fill Empty 10 ml or the full burette if burette volume 10 ml Fill Global variable A global variable is used to transfer a result from one method to another To assign a global variable...

Страница 134: ...d press 6 Electrode calibration results enter Electrode window and press 6 Storage capacity Last 200 sample results Last 100 reagent calibration results Last 100 electrode calibration results When the...

Страница 135: ...concentration and the slope calculated at 25 C Printing the GRAN f volume curve The curve is printed automatically at the end of each test if asked for in the Printouts menu of the ISE standard addit...

Страница 136: ...external grounding is defined for the titration system cell in the Configuration screen and a Ground metal Double metal or Conductivity type electrode is used by the method When a metal electrode or a...

Страница 137: ...tion required within 12 or 24 hours for a calil bration and one week for a reagent replace ment Electrode reagent calibration date elapsed Install electrode s reagent s Programming error Reprocessing...

Страница 138: ...plications For titrations where the inflection on the titration curve is very abrupt typically redox titrations use a smaller value Decreas ing the Increment slows down the titration The Increment is...

Страница 139: ...page 46 To access Press 2 in the Edit sequence menu The sequence must contain at least one method Install burette The burette must be installed before installing a reagent Proceed as follows If requi...

Страница 140: ...r is wrong run the Replace reagent bottle procedure 6 Press 1 7 Press 1 to rinse the burette before installing the reagent Press 2 if no rinse required 8 Install the new reagent bottle press The instr...

Страница 141: ...meters menu of a Monotonic IP or Dynamic IP method Range available 1 to 999 unit mV ml or pH ml IP 1 result indicator Refer to Result indicators page 206 ISE calibration results parameters Refer to Re...

Страница 142: ...9 This equation does not incude the dilution factor due to the addition of a supporting electrlolyte Refer to 6 ISE measurements ISE standard addi tion method page 271 for a description of all calcula...

Страница 143: ...volume to be poured for each addition To avoid modifying the ionic strength of the solution by dilution effect it is recommended to add small amounts of standard The addition cumulate volumes should...

Страница 144: ...ctrode potential is no longer temperature dependant The Iso pH is an electrode characteristic supplied with every Radiometer Analytical electrode Values are normally between 6 3 and 7 3 pH Enter in Ed...

Страница 145: ...6 Keyboard functions PC keyboard TIM keys TIM operation Print screen Print Printout data Esc Esc Leave menus Pause Stop Stop analysis Del Del Deletion of a character End a Start timer delay or a Delay...

Страница 146: ...fitted with a ferrite This ferrite must not be removed If you intend to use the TIM870 with a keyboard that is not supplied by Radiometer Analytical you must make sure that the ferrite is positionned...

Страница 147: ...ss to select an option or use the corresponding numerical key Press ESC to leave the menus without applying changes Mains frequency Specify the mains supply frequency 50 or 60 Hz This selection will o...

Страница 148: ...215 Max stab reached Unstable measurement Stability has not been reached before the preset Max Stab time Resume the test or end the analysis Select the reagent in the list Enter the size of increment...

Страница 149: ...ter a Max volume so that you have Max volume Predose until burette volume An error message is displayed Max vol Predose Bur vol if this condition is not fulfilled and you cannot start the method Enter...

Страница 150: ...titra tions use a small value Decreasing Maximum dose slows down the titration Enter in Parameters menu of a Dynamic IP method Range available 0 01 ml to 10 ml Measure type conflict for a reprocessing...

Страница 151: ...ode page 159 3 other options are available Direct ISE ISE Std Add and Conductivity If you select mV i 0 connect the double platinum electrode to the Pt Pt socket on the rear panel One of the electrode...

Страница 152: ...hod is defined and saved with the reagent Call the method up using the reagent name The method modes available on a TIM870 are Measurement pH mV mV i 0 Direct ISE ISE Std Add Conductivity End point Mo...

Страница 153: ...ode and titrant when required used by the method The titration parameters necessary to run the analysis are also programmed Do not forget to select the electrode temperature sensor and reagent created...

Страница 154: ...mode Reprocessing with a Measurement or Addition method is not possible Select another method Refer to Reprocessing a curve Manual mode page 203 Method wrong type This message appears at the start of...

Страница 155: ...t IP is determined for each Min Max ordinate interval When several IP are found in the same interval The first IP is the result The other IP are rejected and a note IP 1 is displayed If you know in ad...

Страница 156: ...to Max ordinate Max ordinate MIn ordinate to 23 000 pH or 2000 mV Min pH0 25 Max pH0 25 Acceptance range for the zero pH If the zero pH lies outside the defined range the pH calibration must be repeat...

Страница 157: ...lue entered for the Max speed will slow down the titration whereas too high a value will result in an overshoot of the equivalent point Enter in Method parameters menu Reagent parameters menu Range av...

Страница 158: ...m value Maximum value Minimum value to 1010 Unit Sample method Result unit Reagent calibration depends on the Reagent unit selected eq l if N meq l if mN mol l if M mmol l if mM In a Direct or Standar...

Страница 159: ...e the beaker automatic detection by clearing the option Beaker detection in TitraMaster 85 refer to TitraMaster 85 on line help topics Edit ing an application Configuration 2 Using a level check that...

Страница 160: ...n as the measurement variations satisfy a stability criterion or at the end of a preset acceptation time Figure 29 Monotonic IP method size of the increments In Monotonic IP one measurement is saved p...

Страница 161: ...ic mode reprocessing error In the Coupled method no method is generating a curve before the method used to reprocess a curve in automatic mode Review the Coupled method programmation Refer to Reproces...

Страница 162: ...e part no D21T085 You can also edit a sample stack in order to use a 1 radius turntable or to use only the largest row of a mutil radii turntable In this case the magnetic stirring is possible Refer t...

Страница 163: ...lable if Calibration request Yes Number of pH standards to be used for the calibration Work with at least two standards to calculate the electrode sensitivity If one standard is only used the zero pH...

Страница 164: ...is in use enter the desired number of dynamic rinses to be carried out before each beaker analysis of a SAC sequence see also Dynamic rinses page 102 Enter in Setup menu Configuration Range available...

Страница 165: ...s menu for Monotonic IP Dynamic IP or Continuous IP method Number of results Number of results 1 to 8 to be calculated with the units selected and the raw results obtained The raw results are the volu...

Страница 166: ...2 for a SAC850 or SAC950 If you have allowed the dynamic rinses to occur in previous beaker except 1st in Rinse 2 then only one beaker will remain available for static rinses Rinse1 beaker Refer to D...

Страница 167: ...e pare for the calibration The average value will be taken into account when calculating the reagent concentration Enter in Edit method menu Edit reagent menu if Titre Calibrate Range available 1 to 9...

Страница 168: ...1 Refer to PC cable A95X501 page 168 PC keyboard Specify the PC keyboard in use For example English US for a Qwerty keyboard Enter in Setup menu Configuration Range available English US French German...

Страница 169: ...ive QC samples When this number is reached a QC analysis must be run using this method except if Alarm Unlocked has been set in the Setup Access Routine mode menu Enter in QC data menu Range available...

Страница 170: ...to Create electrode page 87 This is the internal pH of a single or combined pH electrode The pH int is used for the buffer recognition The table below gives the pH int of Radiometer Analytical pH ele...

Страница 171: ...all n additions n 1 to 9 The TIM870 determines automatically the potential jump due to one addition then calculates the volume to be poured for each addition Select in Edit method Parameters ISE stand...

Страница 172: ...ersus SHE cannot be changed The table below gives the potential at 25 C versus the SHE E SHE of a few reference elements filling solution couples Table 8 Reference electrode potentials versus SHE Rang...

Страница 173: ...know in advance all your samples will con sume a certain volume Predose to set potential or pH Select Predose mode pH mV and enter the pH or potential in mV for Predose until The Titration Manager wi...

Страница 174: ...nter Refer to Printouts setup page 179 Connect a printer Refer to Printer connection page 176 Printouts parameters Refer to Printouts menu page 178 Refer to Printouts title page 179 Refer to Printouts...

Страница 175: ...Printer Titration Manager PC Printer socket RxD TxD DTR GND DSR RTS CTS A95P201 1 2 3 5 7 4 6 20 DTE Male 25 pin RTS CTS DSR GND DTR TxD RxD 1 2 3 4 5 6 Male Din 6 pin 1 2 6 4 5 Din 6 pin male from th...

Страница 176: ...0P020 230 V A70P021 115 V use the cable 5 9 pin part no A95X506 For use with a Titration Manager the dip switch of the Kyoline MTP640 Thermal Pocket Printer should be set as follows Table 9 Dip switch...

Страница 177: ...ch beaker buffer ID and batch number beaker number Automatic printouts They contain the following information Header information entered in the Setup Customise menu with the instrument serial number a...

Страница 178: ...ge 178 Printouts detailed Refer to Detailed page 93 Printouts menu To access Method Method library Edit method Printouts key 4 Reagents Reagents library Edit reagent Printouts key 4 Electrode Electrod...

Страница 179: ...n set the amount of information that will be printed automaticaly at the end of each test Refer to Detailed page 93 8 In the Edit method Printouts menu of an ISE standard addition method select whethe...

Страница 180: ...eagent page 88 3 Finally create the method which will consequently use the electrode s and reagent s created in the first two steps of pro gramming Refer to Create method page 88 Only the Supervisor i...

Страница 181: ...for Skip empty position select whether you want or not the sample changer to skip to the next beaker if an empty position is found If you answer No 3 options are offered if an empty position is found...

Страница 182: ...ntly occurs increase the Proportional band or decrease the Max speed setting A high value for the Pro portional band will result in slow titrations Enter in Edit method Parameters menu end point metho...

Страница 183: ...alled up when you run a QC sample analysis QC not required Message appears at the start of a sequence that originally included a method programmed with a QC sample The method to has now been reprogram...

Страница 184: ...mposition is as close as possible to one of the samples to be analysed Quality control samples can be used for a measurement or a titration method QC sample Yes No Select Yes for QC sample if you wish...

Страница 185: ...quired to titrate X mole s of excess reagent Example Titrant sodium hydroxide NaOH 1 mole of NaOH gives 1 eq of NaOH Excess reagent citric acid C3H50 COOH 3 1 mole of citric acid gives 3 eq of citric...

Страница 186: ...Y stoichiometric coefficients The reaction is X Smp Y Titr where 1 mole of titrant gives X eq of titrant 1 mole of sample gives Y eq of sample To balance the reaction Y mole s of titrant are required...

Страница 187: ...excess titrant are required to titrate X mole s of sample Example Titrant in excess sodium hydroxide NaOH 1 mole of NaOH gives 1 eq of NaOH Sample citric acid C3H50 COOH 3 1 mole of citric acid gives...

Страница 188: ...sodium hydroxide NaOH 1 mole of NaOH gives 1 eq of NaOH Standard citric acid C3H50 COOH 3 1 mole of citric acid gives 3 eq of citric acid Chemical reaction 3 NaOH 1 C3H5O COOH 3 C3H50 COONa 3 3H2O En...

Страница 189: ...ss 1 Calibrate Enter titre in the Reagent window 6 Select the titrant from the list 7 Press 1 Run calibration 8 If prompted to do so enter the User s name ID and press 1 9 Enter the standard batch num...

Страница 190: ...SAC950 4 Install the reagent see Install reagent page 140 5 Connect the electrode system see Electrode connection page 114 6 Press 1 Calibrate Enter titre in the Reagent window 7 Select the reagent f...

Страница 191: ...contains the general parameters concerning the reagent calibration method identification of the electrodes used in particular Titration parameters necessary to run the calibration are also pro grammed...

Страница 192: ...window and press 1 Calibrate Enter titre 4 Select the reagent to calibrate 5 Press 3 Calibration sequence Label the beakers indicating the running number in the sequence for example 1 5 2 5 etc and th...

Страница 193: ...ration or the expiry date has elapsed for one of the reagents present in the system If acceptance limits have been set for the reagent at least one calibration result lies outside the programmed accep...

Страница 194: ...ied with the following parameters entered in the Edit Reagent menu ID and Unit Titre Address Reagent library To access press 4 in the Reagent window The reagent library comprises the following menus a...

Страница 195: ...Reagents window press 1 Enter titre Reagent unit Specify the reagent concentration unit The units are given on the reagent bottle or are the unit used to express the titrant concentration after calib...

Страница 196: ...re displayed You can accept then save the recalculated results press 1 Back then 1 Save and continue To view the results see GLP Archives menu page 134 A result that has been accepted by the instrumen...

Страница 197: ...e data and press 1 4 Remove the burette and press see Install burette page 139 Remove method from a sequence 1 Select the sequence to be emptied see Select sequence page 227 2 Press 2 Sequence Sample...

Страница 198: ...number as for a burette installation Press 1 to confirm 6 Remove the burette and press 7 Install the new burette at the displayed address and press see Install burette page 139 Replace electrodes Use...

Страница 199: ...ith no rinse 7 The burette is emptied A rinse is performed if requested The burette is filled with air then emptied 8 Install the new reagent bottle press 9 The instrument runs the Flush procedure usi...

Страница 200: ...led Reprocess method follows next the titration method which generates the curve being reprocessed In MANUAL mode by selecting Working mode Reprocessing in the Main window Modify the method parameters...

Страница 201: ...o change the desired parameters When editing the so called Reprocess method you can change the following parameters the other parameters are useless if changed or can lead to errors while running the...

Страница 202: ...ct the so called Reprocess method at the next line Refer to Reprocessing a curve rules page 201 4 Select Yes for Use for reprocessing Run the Coupled method to start the curve reprocessing The reproce...

Страница 203: ...rs This method must be edited according to specific rules see Reprocessing a curve rules page 201 5 Run the method by pressing 1 from the Main window At the end of the reprocess a result screen is dis...

Страница 204: ...d electrode and reagent lists are reset to the preprogrammed list All the results are lost Reset to factory settings Use this command to restore the methods reagents and electrode menu to factory sett...

Страница 205: ...t At the end of the run press 2 More info and select Accept result No Press 1 Back then 1 again Save and continue To accept a result rejected by the instrument Supervisor only At the end of the run pr...

Страница 206: ...surement method High alarm rejected by the instrument result lies above the acceptance limit or above 1030 in the case of a Direct ISE or Stand ard addition ISE method Time max the measurement has bee...

Страница 207: ...mg or a volume l or ml In a Direct ISE or a Standard addition ISE method the available units are eq l meq l mol l mmol l g l mg l mg ml g ml w v or ppm w v Warning In a Direct or a Standard addition I...

Страница 208: ...ean of cell constant Reagent calibration Titre Mean standard deviation Measurement method Measurement Mean standard deviation Titration method Based on the volume found at the End point or Inflection...

Страница 209: ...first equivalence point detected Enter in Edit method Results End point IP monotonic IP dynamic or IP continuous methods Results factor Yes No This multiplying factor is applied to all Rn n 1 to 8 re...

Страница 210: ...3 Reagents Reagents library Edit reagent Results key 3 Electrodes Electrode library Edit electrode Results key 3 The Results menu for a sample method with 1 result and 1 equation Rinse aux output Opt...

Страница 211: ...ollows Empties the burette Prompts you to remove the reagent bottle from the specified address Fills the burette with air then empties Prompts you to install the rinse bottle Runs the rinse programme...

Страница 212: ...every step However the routine user cannot create or modify methods reagents or electrodes When the working order is respected i e ELECTRODE then TITRANT you will be able to perform the following RUN...

Страница 213: ...window of a Measurement method pH Refer to Run window continued page 214 Sample name Name of the method and time elapsed since measurements started or remaining time until end of the End point delay R...

Страница 214: ...a Linear or a Natural water temperature correction Sample name Method name Running test number Electrode name and serial number Measurement stability indicator Time elapsed since measurements started...

Страница 215: ...rement size 0 01 ml to 10 ml Select Yes to add the increments continuously Press 1 to start dosing the reagent one increment is added or reagent is added automatically increment by increment Select No...

Страница 216: ...sary operations so that you are able to run the analysis in no time at all 3 Connect calibrate the electrode s Refer to Electrode connection page 114 Refer to Calibrate electrodes page 72 4 Install ca...

Страница 217: ...m a given beaker number of the sequence press 2 in the Main window and 4 Start from 8 If prompted to do so enter the User s name ID and press 1 9 The sample changer cycle is initiated 1 to 9 dynamic r...

Страница 218: ...Reagent tabs Press 1 in the Main window to run the sequence from the first beaker of the sample stack To run a sequence from a given beaker number of the sequence press 2 in the Main window and 4 Sta...

Страница 219: ...arameters and or install missing pump in particular check the electrical connection between the pump and the sample changer A reagent addition is programmed in the sample preparation and no peristalti...

Страница 220: ...sequence with sample changer Refer to Running a SAC sequence page 217 Same buffer change buffer This message appears at the start of an electrode calibration The same buffer has been programmed for 2...

Страница 221: ...SAC950 No Depending on the sample changer used you have to enter other configuration parameters For a SAC80 or SAC90 Number of rinses see Number of static rinses page 166 Duration of a rinse see Rinse...

Страница 222: ...9 SAC850 SAC950 Sample changer cable A95X501 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DTE Female 9 pin 2 m Titration Manager SAC socket RxD TxD DTR GND DSR RTS A95A202 2 3 5 7 20 DTE Male 25 pin CTS GND DTR TxD RxD Sample c...

Страница 223: ...med with Dilution Yes Sample method 2 has been programmed with Dilution No Check the method Sample screens of each method Sample ID The Sample ID is entered during a run procedure Range available 16 c...

Страница 224: ...utine is defined per method executed A SAC850 or SAC950 can run up to 10 different sample preparations in a given sequence Sample preparation routines are created and edited from a PC and TitraMaster...

Страница 225: ...ace the beakers in the numbered position on the sample changer If static rinses and or dynamic rinses are programmed position the corresponding rinse beakers at the right places Refer to Number of sta...

Страница 226: ...the method sequence using the electrode 2 Press 1 to start a calibration or 3 to check the electrode parameters In both cases the electrodes available will be those specified in the actual working me...

Страница 227: ...nce To select a sequence sample changer not in use 1 Select Working mode Sequence in the Main window 2 Press 2 Sequence Sample stack To select a sequence to be run using a Sample Changer 1 In the Conf...

Страница 228: ...performed on 2 samples using 4 test portions 2 x 4 beakers Method 2 performed on 1 sample with 3 test portions 1 x 3 beakers Thus 11 beaker system will run as follows Figure 40 Sequence of methods Th...

Страница 229: ...f a sample changer sequence you can dip the electrodes into the Park beaker filled with a conditioning solution or you can left the electrodes above the Park beaker electrodes are stored dry in this c...

Страница 230: ...ry Burette functions Replace burette Format 10 characters one letter 5 digits 1 dash 3 decimals Electrode The serial number is entered when connecting or replacing an electrode Enter in Electrode wind...

Страница 231: ...ositions Does not apply if a SAC850 or SAC950 sample changer is used with the Beaker detection option cleared deselected see Beaker detection page 64 Selects whether you want or not the sample changer...

Страница 232: ...the Smoothing parameter Figure 41 Smoothing process Changing the smoothing parameter has no effect on the measure ment points only on IP determination and result calculation The smoothing parameter wi...

Страница 233: ...Edit electrode display 5 Press 2 Calibration solutions For a pH electrode calibration For an ISE electrode calibration Select the pH standard solutions to be used for the calibration The pH values are...

Страница 234: ...nd 20 ml burettes and in 40 s for 50 ml burette In the example of a 10 ml burette it means that the speed will stay at 30 ml min if a value is entered within the range 30 ml min 50 ml min Stability Th...

Страница 235: ...electrode to be edited 3 Press 2 Edit electrode and check that the Titre Calibrate option has been selected 4 Use the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys to move to the last display 5 Press 2 Standard line 6 At the...

Страница 236: ...meters see ISE Standard addition method definition page 142 Standard addition method Refer to ISE Standard addition method definition page 142 Refer to ISE Standard addition method programmation page...

Страница 237: ...w press 4 2 Select the reagent to be edited 3 Press 2 and check that the Titre Calibrate option has been selected 4 Use the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys to move to the last display 5 Press 2 Standard Standar...

Страница 238: ...ion titrant predose included Start addition After EP no x or IP no x The addition is performed after EP no x or IP no x The titration to the next EP or IP starts at the end of the time entered for Del...

Страница 239: ...Static rinse time Refer to Rinse time page 211 Statistics When several tests are performed on the same sample the mean and standard deviations are calculated from the accepted tests Std add volume Au...

Страница 240: ...higher than the maximum value E total 1 0 1 n n mV the Std conc too high error message is displayed E total and n are user programmable parameters of an ISE standard addition method Potential jump fro...

Страница 241: ...or select Speed setting then choose a stirring speed from the table 4 To stop stirring select External stirring Off SAC850 and SAC950 stirrer the stirring speed is adjusted using the TitraMaster 85 PC...

Страница 242: ...ts if the instrument acquired sufficient points to carry out these calculations for a titration method The result of an interrupted test is saved with a Man stop note When you end the analysis on a sa...

Страница 243: ...mum volume or the selected Number of IP has not been reached Select the Stop point on the other side of the expected inflection point s Set the Stop point with respect to the Direction parameter Enter...

Страница 244: ...e unable to gain access to the Supervisor mode and will be obliged to work in Routine mode When you exit the Setup menu after entering a code you have the choice to remain in Supervisor mode or return...

Страница 245: ...turn in mode Supervisor Refer to User s rights page 252 T C minimum maximum value If the temperature measured lies outside these limits a warning message will be displayed Enter in Edit method Results...

Страница 246: ...e coefficient see the Conductivity theory and practice guide part no D61M002 Nat water The TIM870 measures the sample conductivity and sample temperature and then converts it to 25 C using a temperatu...

Страница 247: ...ements Entered If the temperature is to be entered manually Select in Edit method menu Edit reagent menu if Titre Calibrate Edit electrode menu if Calibrate request Yes Temperature sensor ID Name of t...

Страница 248: ...possible connecting a metal electrode to the GND socket of the titration system connecting a double platinum electrode to the Pt Pt socket of the titration system If TIM cell external Gnd Yes and a r...

Страница 249: ...erform a calibration The Titration Manager will prompt you to enter the calibration parameters It is not necessary to calibrate an addition reagent It is there fore recommended to select Titre Enter s...

Страница 250: ...l 0 and 2 kOhm at level 1 A TTL 0 level does not mean a 0 V output The voltage difference varies from 0 to 400 mV TTL IN sockets Red and black banana sockets diameter 2 mm The auxiliary input socket c...

Страница 251: ...ed equivalent to a keystroke on 3 End of sequence followed by 1 Run sequence Type of method The type of method is selected in the Add method menu while editing a sequence The following types are avail...

Страница 252: ...92 Create method electrode reagent Yes No Copy method electrode reagent Yes No Program sequence method elec trode reagent Yes No Delete method electrode reagent Yes No Reset method electrode reagent p...

Страница 253: ...ammed volumes the user enters the volume of each addition being performed To avoid modifying the ionic strength of the solution by dilution effect it is recommended to add small amounts of standard Th...

Страница 254: ...SAC Sequence Enter in Main window Wrong buffer While running an electrode calibration the buffer analysed has not been identifed by the instrument End the calibration cycle Check the buffer then star...

Страница 255: ...Appendixes...

Страница 256: ......

Страница 257: ...81 a EC ISO7888 Measurement conductivity CDC741T a EC pH Coupled EC ISO7888 pH of water PHC3081 a CDC741T Fluor in water Measurement ISE Std addition 3 additions NaF 0 001 M ISEC301F a T201 a Nitrates...

Страница 258: ...TitraLab TitraLab 870 Reference Manual Page 258...

Страница 259: ...ansporting the Titration Manager Never pick up or carry the instrument by the metal rod Servicing The Titration Manager has been developed for connection to a grounded mains supply The peripherals tha...

Страница 260: ...3 3 1995 EN 61000 4 2 1995 level 2 4kV with contact discharges and level 3 8kV with air discharges EN 61000 4 3 1996 level 1 1V m EN 61000 4 4 1995 level 2 1kV on AC power line and level 2 0 5kV on I...

Страница 261: ...TitraLab TitraLab 870 Reference Manual Page 261 The Titration Manager complies with the following standards UL 61010A 1 CAN CSA C22 2 N 1010 1 92...

Страница 262: ...TitraLab TitraLab 870 Reference Manual Page 262...

Страница 263: ...s volume determination does not apply for the volume calculation in the back titration mode concerning the blank option 2 Direct titration If sample is expressed in volume If sample is expressed in we...

Страница 264: ...if l conversion in ml by default 1 1000 Csmp Creag c if Vs in ml eq l N eq l N 1 eq l N meq l 0 001 eq l N mol l M x eq l N mmol l 0 001 x meq l Same formula as Csmp eq l but multiplied by 1000 mol l...

Страница 265: ...q kg but multiplied by 1000 y mg kg ppm Same formula as Csmp eq kg but multiplied by Msmp 1000 y Same formula as Csmp eq kg but multiplied by Msmp 0 1 y g kg Same formula as Csmp eq kg but multiplied...

Страница 266: ...Mean result Standard deviation on the mean value Number of tests N 2 to 5 estimation of the Q variance for a small number of tests with Rmax maximum value of the Ri and Rmin minimum value of the Ri Nu...

Страница 267: ...alent per litre then the stoichiometric coefficients are used When the titration starts the excess reagent has a number of equivalent equal to Ve Ce c with The reaction of the excess reagent with the...

Страница 268: ...nt considered to be the same as the one delivered for the sample analysis If you ask the result in volume the result is calculated as follows Otherwise this volume B is modified to give Then the resul...

Страница 269: ...solution E0 electrode standard potential S25 response slope of the line E f log C at 25 C in mV pC C ion concentration in the solution C0 concentration also called experimental detection limit of the...

Страница 270: ...re Ms standard molar weight g mol V valency equal to 1 or 2 According to the result unit selected the TIM870 may require the molar weight of the analysed species When you create an ISE electrode you a...

Страница 271: ...to be added to reach the potential jump target Calculation principle for programmed or automatically determined additions The Cs sample concentration is determined using an iterative calculation on th...

Страница 272: ...selected Result unit standard unit x c x Vdil Vsmp where Vdil Vsmp if a dilution is progammed for the sample Vdil Final dil amount Vsmp Aliquot c conversion factor Sample and result units and the fac...

Страница 273: ...and the cable capacitance 1 Cable resistance The influence of the cable resistance on the Gm measured conductance is as follows Where Gs conductance of solution S R cable resistance The cable resista...

Страница 274: ...ee Electrode calibration conductivity page 108 7 3 Temperature correction Two types of temperature correction are available using the TIM870 The linear correction The non linear correction of Natural...

Страница 275: ...calculated from a 4 degree polynomial equation This equation fits deviation 0 1 the conductivity variations against temperature for a natural water stated by ISO DIN 7888 Where a0 1 917442 a1 0 06165...

Страница 276: ...ctivity values for these standards in mS cm Measurements have been repeated more recently by the NIST for the 0 1D and 0 01D standards The following results have been published Journal of Solution Che...

Страница 277: ...cant conductivity values of solutions B and C as a function of temperature are reproduced in the table below from Kolraugh table A polynomial has been fitted to these values for both standards giving...

Страница 278: ...ing demineralised water the conductivity of this water is known in advance The equivalent polynomial giving conductivity as a function of temperature follows table B 2 of the CEI 60746 3 2002 standard...

Страница 279: ...S cm is given a function of T temperature by the equation stated by IEC draft 1980 Where With a0 2 11798 10 2 a1 7 86011 10 5 a2 1 54398 10 7 a3 6 26350 10 9 a4 2 27949 10 11 Temperature range 0 to 14...

Страница 280: ...TitraLab TitraLab 870 Reference Manual Page 280...

Страница 281: ...reagent additions Sequencing of up to 10 methods including electrode and reagent calibrations Coupling of 2 to 6 methods in one beaker including direct ISE and EC measurements Conductivity Methods EC...

Страница 282: ...Sample quantity recalculation before archiving Result recalculation Units All standard units for samples results Conductivity S cm or mS cm User defined result units Storage capacity Global password...

Страница 283: ...ted encapsulated glass syringe Embedded operating procedures for burette exchange air bubble removal Flush Rinse Fill Empty function Inputs outputs 2 indicator electrode inputs 1 reference electrode i...

Страница 284: ...A L250V slow blow 2 fuses Secondary fuses T4 A 230 V 1 fuse The secondary fuse is mounted on the printed circuit board If necessary contact a Ra diometer Analytical representative for replacement of t...

Страница 285: ...6 6 0 1 1 B505 5 0 3 15 0 1 5 B510 10 0 2 20 0 07 7 B525 25 0 2 50 0 07 17 5 B550 50 0 2 100 0 055 25 a Expressed as the deviation of the mean of a tenfold measurement from the nominal volume or from...

Страница 286: ...TitraLab TitraLab 870 Reference Manual Page 286...

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