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2. Brief Description of Georadar

Georadar is quite a sophisticated engineering device. There is a GPR simplified

block diagram, which allows to imagine a general idea of its operation principle, but does
not describes its complexity.

Fig. 2.1. Simplified block diagram of GPR

The transmitter excites the transmitting antenna with very short electrical pulses. The

transmitting antenna radiates ultra-wideband one-and-half-period electromagnetic waves,
the approximate shape of which is shown in Fig. 2.2.

Target

Surface

GPR

Receiver

Transmitter

Central

Control Unit

Analog to Digital

Converter

Antenna

Direct wave

Reflected

wave

Radiated

wave

Movement

direction

GNSS

(GPS)

Survey wheel

Содержание Prism 2

Страница 1: ...Version 2 7x User s Manual Riga 2022...

Страница 2: ...ing 42 11 Profile handling 44 12 Multi profiles operations 57 12 1 Profiles combining wizard 57 12 2 Profiles splitting wizard 58 12 3 Profiles 3D alignment wizard 59 13 Profiles post processing 61 14...

Страница 3: ...processing and its interpretation Note computer has to be equipped with LAN 10 100 BaseT or Gigabit device to operate the Zond Python and or zGPR family of georadars by Ethernet cable or with WiFi dev...

Страница 4: ...mplified block diagram of GPR The transmitter excites the transmitting antenna with very short electrical pulses The transmitting antenna radiates ultra wideband one and half period electromagnetic wa...

Страница 5: ...the overall dynamic range of the entire system There have been various methods for digitizing analog signals since the advent of digital technologies One of the main methods used in pulsed georadars...

Страница 6: ...The limitation of this method is the frequency of transmitter triggering which affects both the stroboscopic converter and the number of received traces per second which is relatively small at the le...

Страница 7: ...cantly changes the general structure of the pulsed GPR First of all this is the refusing from the analog stroboscopic converter because its functions are now performed by an ultra fast field programma...

Страница 8: ...point should be set to the middle of the transmitter pulse lobe direct wave The way to set the zero point is described in Section 11 Working with sounding data files on page 46 This is a very importan...

Страница 9: ...ny in phase axes The reasons of the noise appearing are irregular electromagnetic processes in the GPR equipment itself and external electromagnetic fields of natural and artificial origin for example...

Страница 10: ...ig 4 1 Trace output Fig 4 2 Wiggle plot profile output black and white and colored one Fig 4 3 Line scan output grayscale and colored one Note The most informative output method is the line scan in th...

Страница 11: ...ipped by a built in wireless router that automatically configures the TCP IP settings of user s PC TCP IP settings have to be set to Obtain an IP address automatically For Zond 12e Single Channel Zond...

Страница 12: ...10 Press OK button 11 Press Close button 12 Close the Network and Sharing Center window For Windows 8 10 11 1 Right click on bottom left corner on your Desktop and then press Control Panel 2 Chose the...

Страница 13: ...Double click the Network connections icon 3 Double click your wireless Wi Fi connection icon and then click the Properties button 4 Select Internet protocol TCP IP and click the Properties button 5 F...

Страница 14: ...automatically in the feature 14 If you are using factory default Wi Fi access point settings then follow to the next point otherwise chose the security method for Wi Fi connection end enter pass code...

Страница 15: ...setting it up link like it shown on the figure below Fig 5 1 Wi Fi network Set up dialog We recommend using Maximum Performance power option for the wireless Wi Fi connections to avoid problems with...

Страница 16: ...15 Fig 5 2 Power options dialog Fig 5 3 Edit power options dialog...

Страница 17: ...umber 0537 Python 3 from the serial number 0027 and zGPR family units contain internal wireless router with complex operation system You need to contact with our customer support before you try to cha...

Страница 18: ...fault one by pressing OK button The next step is to enter the Radar Positioning menu item or the Connections Positioning brief menu item and select one from the four possible positioning methods for t...

Страница 19: ...ng this item you can select the required file and display it on the screen by typing its name in the File name line or select the required file from the list and load it by clicking the Open button If...

Страница 20: ...ent profile data amplitude values to the text ASCII file txt as a Tab separated table where each traces filled as a rows and samples as columns Raw data raw data not gained not filtered export Process...

Страница 21: ...to split selected profile s to the several profiles see on p 58 Profiles 3D aligning aligning of parallel profiles acquired for 3D imaging in third party software see on p 59 Print Profile printout i...

Страница 22: ...rogram o Windows tabs show hide the profiles tabs for the quick profiles access in the lower part of the application main window o Show status bar show hide the Status bar in the lower part of the app...

Страница 23: ...ilter digital frequency filtering of signals If a Customized High Pass Filter was used during sounding then the lower right column of the profile is active o Frequency filter filter parameters adjustm...

Страница 24: ...outputs the amplitude of the traces on the specified sample along the visible profile see p 51 o Cut traces and samples deleting undesirable traces and samples from the profile see p 51 o Hodograph so...

Страница 25: ...om 0 to 255 Inserted mark s number is applying automatically and is not sequential It s better to Rebuild marks at the end of its insertion or deleting process to rearrange its indexes sequentially o...

Страница 26: ...cordance to the stored GPS coordinates for active profile distance rebuilding of the current active profile for all opened profiles distance rebuilding of all opened profiles Note basic spherical elli...

Страница 27: ...tomatic detection of connection interface for communication with Cobra GPR o Ethernet connection for communication with Cobra Wi Fi GPR or Cobra CBD GPR o Bluetooth connection for communication with C...

Страница 28: ...6 Window profile windows positioning Tile vertical vertical windows positioning Tile horizontal horizontal windows positioning Tile smart windows positioning in consideration of the profiles size Cas...

Страница 29: ...files on page 50 Wheel survey wheel method of positioning It is possible to use different types of measuring wheels for example our current measuring wheel has a diameter of 200 mm a shock proof cart...

Страница 30: ...the GPR and get an access to the wheel data captured by the GPR for the wheel calibration First of all place the GPR antenna with the connected wheel at the starting point of the calibrating path Setu...

Страница 31: ...he wheel settings window and before the each start of data acquisition This is controlled by the Ask about trace spacing before acquisition item o Bidirectional wheel detection of toward backward whee...

Страница 32: ...the COM port list of the Bluetooth wheel GPS global positioning system or GNSS global navigation satellite system it combines signals from different satellite navigation systems as GPS USA GLONAS Russ...

Страница 33: ...Local Positioning and Quality that contains positioning in Mercator and its accuracy it provides coordinates in the UTM coordinates reference system o Distance calculation during GPS positioning depen...

Страница 34: ...y be distorted on non equidistant profiles Wheel GPS combined Wheel and GPS positioning option where the coordinates are recorded in the trace header but the traveled distance is measured by the wheel...

Страница 35: ...ing Do not connect or disconnect cables while GPR is powered 9 2 Power up PC and GPR If you use wireless connection please make sure that PC is connected to the GPR wireless network Zond 12e Python Co...

Страница 36: ...Distance the traveled distance of the current profile Positioning selected positioning type Battery GPR battery level Ping the connection quality results on the base of the ICMP ping request the measu...

Страница 37: ...36 Python 3 GPR settings interface shown on Fig 9 2c zGPR settings interface shown on Fig 9 2d Fig 9 1a Single channel GPR settings Fig 9 1ba Double channel GPR settings...

Страница 38: ...a working position for example at the beginning of the possible sounding path Controls navigation is possible with the help of keys and selection Enter or Spacebar or touchable if such possibility is...

Страница 39: ...s and thousands of times but without averaging only summation that enlarge the data sample length from the initial 16 bits to 32 bits zGPR signal to noise ratio and its penetration depth are increasin...

Страница 40: ...ed only single channel mode when Tx antenna connected to channel 2 and Rx antenna connected to channel 1 o Circle mode for Zond 12e Advanced only modes are changing continuously in row Channel 1 Chann...

Страница 41: ...antenna architecture The following high pass filters are available for different types of the GPR o Zond 12e GPR family there are different hardware filters states OFF Weak Strong and Super Strong Pl...

Страница 42: ...e its first lobe is the center of the first green oscillogram grid cell Software stores Pulse Delay adjustment for each Antenna Range combination and there is no need to adjust it always Positioning t...

Страница 43: ...If the Radar When to save During the acquisition option is enabled the software asks to specify the filename for the future profile before sounding if menu Radar Sounds is checked user here Let s go...

Страница 44: ...ose the data acquisition mode with the acquired data on the screen software replaces it as a separate profile window with name Profile 1 in the main view for post processing and prompt to save it on i...

Страница 45: ...ways The number of profiles to be displayed in the screen shall be unlimited By default they will be arranged in a cascaded pattern you may also choose their layout patterns at your discretion in opti...

Страница 46: ...changed The result of your actions will be immediately displayed on the profile If you need multi vertex gain function you can add new vertexes up to 10 For this purpose press the button and click on...

Страница 47: ...offset the simple time depth recalculation contains the error This error depends on offset and measured depth ratio because simple recalculation doesn t consider direct wave propagation time between t...

Страница 48: ...such as pipes cables stones archeological objects areas of drastic soil properties variation their signals on the radiolocation profiles have hyperbola shape signal examples are shown in Figs 4 2 4 3...

Страница 49: ...l disappear Zoom in selected area magnification To select magnification area press and hold the left mouse button and select required zooming area After releasing mouse button selected area will exten...

Страница 50: ...is when choosing bandwidth and suppression frequencies filters Ormsby bandpass and Notch filter Fig 11 6 Spectrum Output dialog box in different amplitude scale units in times in dB There are differen...

Страница 51: ...at the desired place vertical line with a crosshair will appear on the profile indicating trace position You can also navigate along the profile by pressing or keys Fig 11 8 Trace inspection window B...

Страница 52: ...vertically for samples Dialog window will appear after the mouse button releasing allowing you to correct initial and final trace or sample ranges for cutting out Cutting could be applied to the curre...

Страница 53: ...ows working with annotation objects moving text moving line vertexes deleting objects and changing their properties To move the objects or vertexes select them by pointing your cursor under the object...

Страница 54: ...t the program will offer the same filename as initial profile name with txt extension Fig 11 12 Lines Settings dialog box o Area Used to distinguish layers of the profile with different geophysical me...

Страница 55: ...es between media along the profile from the maxima of the reflected signals with an option to save the defined interface as an ASCII file After selecting this option dialog window will appear letting...

Страница 56: ...ted to the right of the color palette You may select the required color by clicking rectangle button located to the right of the square button The pop up dialog box will offer you to choose a color fr...

Страница 57: ...s identified with unsupported coordinate system its data will be interpreted as Degrees Minutes Export export coordinate table s data into ASCII text file txt in accordance to selected coordinate syst...

Страница 58: ...the hard drive Fig 12 1 Profiles combining wizard dialog box on the 1st step User can add profiles from the hard drive pressing button Add on the 1st step Profiles could be added one by one or severa...

Страница 59: ...box Make folder Fig 12 2 Profiles combining wizard dialog box on the 2nd step The button Next pressing starts the process of profiles combining please wait while software process the selected profiles...

Страница 60: ...rofiles using the its marks from mark to mark The resulting files names and location are managed in the same way like in the combining wizard see on p 57 12 3 Profiles 3D alignment wizard Profiles whi...

Страница 61: ...test one of the set Fill up initial profiles are filling by zero traces trace where each sample equal to zero up to the longest one of the set The resulting files names and location are managed in the...

Страница 62: ...satisfied with processing results or if you would like to change procedure parameters you can undo processing results selecting Processing Undo processing or by pressing button If you would like to re...

Страница 63: ...lter acting along a trace Designed for low frequency interference and signal s high frequency components suppression The algorithm used here comprises three steps application of direct FFT fast Fourie...

Страница 64: ...nd trace becomes next to last and so on This may be useful when any area is sounded by tacks i e the first profile is covered and then the second is made with an offset and in the opposite direction a...

Страница 65: ...ed together in the average trace Stacking contributes to suppression of noise and interference and to increase of the depth rating However it should be remembered that stacking decreases the trace amo...

Страница 66: ...anging Migration reconstruction of original shape of underground interface and local objects by its radiolocation profile Very effective when having diffracting objects underground utilities fixtures...

Страница 67: ...e in Windows Procedures execution sequence goes from top to bottom Moving any procedure to the left will make it active and allow you to change its parameters when selecting left mouse click on the ac...

Страница 68: ...nion black and white color scale is the most informative line scan profile displaying type see Example in Fig 4 3 left side It would provide clear visibility of the weak signals Always pay attention t...

Страница 69: ...n PICOseconds 3220 2 short int Number of samples per trace for this reel s data 3222 2 Unused 3224 2 short int Data sample format code 1 32 bit IBM floating point 2 32 bit fixed point integer 3 16 bit...

Страница 70: ...hin CDP ensemble 28 2 short int Trace identification code 1 seismic data 2 dead 3 dummy 4 time break 5 uphole 6 sweep 7 timing 8 water break 9 optional use 30 2 short int Number of vertically summed t...

Страница 71: ...d recording start in PICOseconds 110 4 Unused 114 2 short int Number of samples in this trace 116 2 short int Sample interval of this reel s data in PICOseconds 118 42 Unused 160 2 short int Hour of d...

Страница 72: ...ny point thereof in reality this is not always the rule as the most media are layered One of the best known methods used for layer by layer velocities determination is Common Depth Point method CDP or...

Страница 73: ...cm one acquired trace one step 11 The total Hodograph distance has to be 2 times greater than measuring depth 12 The Hodograph profile distance has to be entered to profiles settings as Length of pro...

Страница 74: ...t 1 m is set for all layers This is quite sufficient for most cases Adjustment shall be made only in cases where the software fails to find a solution 5 Now enter the air wave position which is fully...

Страница 75: ...face 8 Everything is ready for the calculation now Press Calculate button If the data is correct the software calculates this may take a few seconds and outputs the result Calculated signal paths will...

Страница 76: ...sent IP address of As default it is 192 168 0 10 4 Click the Unit settings button The Zond 12e Ethernet settings dialog box appears Note Please use the Connection troubleshooter if the error message a...

Страница 77: ...1 The Control Unit with IP address is unreachable Possible reasons What to do 1 Entered IP address is not correct Reenter IP address and try again your action 2 Computer is not configured Configure yo...

Страница 78: ...our local network administrator If you want to change the security mode of Wi Fi access point please use following steps 1 Run any internet browser all examples are based on Internet Explorer 10 here...

Страница 79: ...w trendnet com asp download_manager inc_downloading asp iFile 17937 Starting from 2015 in Zond 12e serial numbers from 0537 GPR contains internal network router that is able to automatically configure...

Страница 80: ...n number of samples and traces To equalize profiles do please follow the menu File Profiles 3D aligning 2 The Voxler window consists of three separate areas Network Properties and visualization You ca...

Страница 81: ...to be sure that all Geometry Limits of the imported data module are set properly to see it just left mouse click on the module and follow to the Properties area of Voxler window Geometry tab The X ax...

Страница 82: ...nches by drag n drop mouse action 9 Please try to play with different graphic outputs to understand how it works and visualize the imported data The best graphic output method of 3D cube is Isosurface...

Страница 83: ...file and chose Run as administrator Application starts minimized creating tray icon User needs to configure it first to be able to use it There are two different configurations the first one is the Co...

Страница 84: ...rted and configured the Prism2 Right click on the PrismClicker tray icon and chose Connection setup of its menu Fig C3 PrismClicker tray menu You have to choose the connection protocol serial COM port...

Страница 85: ...in Prism2 Commands list The Set button has to be pressed after choosing the commands User is able to left click the necessary place of the third party software what is needed to be simulated after Pre...

Страница 86: ...operating Prism2 and remote operating PrismClicker computers take a look on the part 5 2 for computers configuration of this manual for details if you are going to use manual TCP IP configuration rem...

Страница 87: ...iting your feedback with great pleasure If you found any difficulty using our equipment do not hesitate to contact us or our representatives by phone e mail or mail We cherish sincere hopes that the e...

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