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USER’S MANUAL. TV EXPLORER II/II+

12/2013

Page

lis

5.17

MER by carrier (COFDM)

5.17.1

Graph of MER by carrier (COFDM)

This function analyses the

MER for each of the carriers

forming the selected

channel and displays it continuously in a graphic form.

It is a very useful measurement in order to analyze systems in which signals of

different types and sources interfere among them, as in the case of the transition from
analogue to digital TV.

In next figure a

MER

by carrier analysis for a

COFDM 8k

signal is performed.

634.00

1652

3718

5784

MPEG-2 TS DVB-T

STD DEV:

AVG MER:

3.2dB

27.4dB

MER BY CARRIER

Figure 49.-

MER by carrier

function.

As it shows in the following figure, when analysing

MER by carrier

in this digital

channel appears three degradation areas throughout the channel that make suspect the
presence of an underneath analogue channel.

Analog level

Frequency

Video Carrier

Colour

Subcarrier

Audio

Subcarrier

MER by carrier

Carrier

MER

by carrier

Carrier

Figure 50.-

Scheme of interference due to TV analogue signal over a digital channel.

If we compare this graphic with the spectrum analyser of an analogue channel we

realise that in effect the video, audio and colour carriers affect more intensively the MER
of those digital multiplex located at the same frequencies. In this case, the COFDM
channel is strong enough to be affected by this interference.

Содержание TV EXPLORER II

Страница 1: ...TV EXPLORER II II EXPLORADOR UNIVERSAL DE TV UNIVERSAL TV EXPLORER EXPLORATEUR UNIVERSEL DE TV 0 MI1812...

Страница 2: ...5 8 Automatic signal identification function AUTO ID 32 5 9 Channel plans 33 5 10 Acquisition function DATALOGGER 35 5 10 1 DATALOGGER for Attenuation and IF SAT tests 36 5 11 Verification of distribu...

Страница 3: ...5 17 2 2 Recall a MEROGRAM file 75 5 17 2 3 Delete a MEROGRAM file 75 5 18 ECHOES Analyzer COFDM 75 5 19 Screen capture only TV EXPLORER II 79 5 19 1 Recall screen 80 5 19 2 Delete capture 80 5 20 PR...

Страница 4: ...ring the transition from the analogue transmissions to digital in terrestrial satellites and cable systems Allowing measurements of analogue signals as well as digital ones When pressing the auto iden...

Страница 5: ...all the channels in the spectrum with no need of any previous information about the number of channels the type of signals transmitted or their characteristics With the data collected after each explo...

Страница 6: ...e control system based on four arrows that makes the use of the spectrum analyser very intuitive The arrows allow adjusting the reference level by steps of 10 or 5 dB and the frequency margin span on...

Страница 7: ...an FULL 500 200 100 50 32 16 MHz Automatic search Explorer Threshold level selectable DVB T H DVB C and DVB S S2 selection Signal identification Analogue and digital Automatic RF INPUT Impedance 75 Co...

Страница 8: ...Selectable ON OFF Hierarchy Indicates hierarchy mode Cell ID Transmitter station TPS signalling Time slicing symbol interleaver and MPE FEC DVB C SIGNAL PARAMETERS Demodulation 16 32 64 128 256 QAM S...

Страница 9: ...Subband 1 5 dB 30 120 dB V 5 45 MHz 22 C 5 C Terrestrial bands 1 5 dB 30 120 dB V 45 1000 MHz 22 C 5 C Satellite band 2 5 dB 40 100 dB V 950 2050 MHz 22 C 5 C Overrange indication MEASUREMENTS MODE Te...

Страница 10: ...1 with Frequency and level or C N indications Vertical range Adjustable in steps of 5 or 10 dB Measurements Terrestrial bands Analogue channels Level Digital channels Channel power Satellite band Anal...

Страница 11: ...channel plans transfer EXTERNAL UNITS POWER SUPPLY Through the RF input connector Terrestrial and Satellite External or 5 13 15 18 24 V 22 kHz signal Selectable in satellite band Voltage 0 65 V 0 25...

Страница 12: ...CLUDED ACCESSORIES 1x CB 077 Rechargeable Li battery 7 2 V 12 Ah 1x AT 010 10 dB attenuator 1x AD 055 F F BNC F adapter 1x AD 056 F F DIN F adapter 1x AD 057 F F F F adapter 1x AL 103 External DC char...

Страница 13: ...USER S MANUAL TV EXPLORER II II Page 10 12 2013...

Страница 14: ...ed in Overvoltage Category II installation and Pollution Degree 1 environments When using some of the following accessories use only the specified ones to ensure safety Rechargeable battery External D...

Страница 15: ...3 Symbols related with safety 2 2 Descriptive Examples of Over Voltage Categories Cat I Low voltage installations isolated from the mains Cat II Portable domestic installations Cat III Fixed domestic...

Страница 16: ...mains lit This indicator changes of colour according to the battery charge status BATTERY CHARGE STATUS OFF ON RED 50 90 YELLOW 50 90 GREEN 100 100 Table 1 Indication of the battery charge status CHAR...

Страница 17: ...apacity when not in use The battery needs to be fully charged for best results A fully charged battery suffers temperature related discharge For example at a room temperature of 20 C it can lose up to...

Страница 18: ...on the lateral panel 2 Connect the DC charger to the mains 3 When the equipment is connected to the mains the CHARGER led 4 remains lighted DC IN Figure 1 Battery charging STEP 2 Power on and signal...

Страница 19: ...d to explore 14 terrestrial or satellite 2 Activate the identification process pressing once on 25 key 3 Press 10 key to visualise the signal detected from channel or frequency identified or 13 to mon...

Страница 20: ...4 Press 6 to modify span in the horizontal axis STEP 7 Video signal monitoring 1 Select the terrestrial frequency band 14 2 Tune the channel or frequency 24 that is desired to visualize on screen 3 V...

Страница 21: ...USER S MANUAL TV EXPLORER II II Page 18 12 2013...

Страница 22: ...f the Controls and Elements Front panel 6 8 7 1 5 4 3 2 Figure 3 Front panel 1 Rotary selector button This has many different functions Equipment power on off tuning control moving between the various...

Страница 23: ...y indicator Lights up when the TV EXPLORER II II supplies a current to the external unit 4 CHARGER External DC charger operation indicator When batteries are installed the battery charger is automatic...

Страница 24: ...numeric data 11 EXTERNAL UNITS POWER SUPPLY Enables selecting the power supply to the external units Available voltages are External 5 V 13 V 15 V 18 V and 24 V for the terrestrial band and External 5...

Страница 25: ...s led remains lighted when the equipment works with the frequencies and the corresponding channels to the terrestrial band 17 MEASUREMENT CONFIGURATION It allows the commutation between the measuremen...

Страница 26: ...ution networks in terrestrial band Sat IF Test Only satellite band Selects the function for testing signal distribution networks in satellite band Run Datalogger Function to automatically acquire meas...

Страница 27: ...dentify Selects the type of terrestrial digital signal DVB C or DVB T H used by AUTO ID and EXPLORER functions Min Ter Power Sets the minimum power for a terrestrial digital signal to be identified Mi...

Страница 28: ...it deactivates the automatic power off function for transportation So it allows to prevent an accidental start up of the equipment Exit Exit from preferences menu Key number 8 to enter numeric data 23...

Страница 29: ...network and the orbital position only in satellite band Activates the band exploration function long pulsation The meter explores the entire frequency band to identify the analogue and digital channe...

Страница 30: ...TENTION Note the importance to protect the RF 30 input signal with an accessory to block the AC voltages used in CATV cables needed to feed the amplifiers and remote control 34 35 33 32 31 36 Figure 7...

Страница 31: ...tor It enables the communication with a PC and to download dataloggers and channel plans 38 CAM module connection socket Only TV EXPLORER II Enables the conditional access desencryption of encoded dig...

Страница 32: ...m TV operation mode to the Spectrum Analyser press 13 key To switch to the Measurements mode press 12 key In the TV operation mode the demodulated television signal is shown on screen this is the defa...

Страница 33: ...omatic Transmission Search Holding pressed the 25 key search starts over the active channel plan When tuning a channel the instrument tryes to identify it and save it with the configuration If the ide...

Страница 34: ...es SATELLITE External 5 V 13 V 15 V 18 V 24 V 13 V 22 kHz 18 V 22 kHz TERRESTRIAL MATV External 5 V 13 V 15 V 18 V 24 V Table 3 External units powering voltages In the External power supply mode is th...

Страница 35: ...First it recognises whether the signal is an analogue channel or a digital one If the channel is analogue it determines the television standard of the signal When the signal is digital DVB it analyse...

Страница 36: ...tomatic identification process as much as the exploration of the frequency spectrum could yield the generation of new customised channel plans relative to the usual work locations of the meter equipme...

Страница 37: ...r can save this table in the memory modify its name and later use it by means of the CONFIGURATION 17 menu Also can delete any channel list or remove and add channels from another standard list by mea...

Страница 38: ...fferent points of the installation The measurements made are relevant to the current analogue or digital channel in the active channel plan To select the Datalogger function activate the UTILITIES 22...

Страница 39: ...EXPLORER II II allows to make measurement acquisitions while executing an Attenuation test at terrestrial band or an IF SAT test at satellite band see section 5 11 Verification of distribution networ...

Страница 40: ...EST POINT CHANNEL SET START SAVE EXIT PINEMALLCTR PREMISE1 IF SAT TEST FREQ CH REF LEVEL 84 7 80 7 dB V dB V MHz kHz 1042 25 PILOT_01 Figure 15 End of data acquisition NOTE In order to select the func...

Страница 41: ...u for SAT band or the ATTENUATION TEST for terrestrial band connect the generator to the point where the antenna will be connected signal source Press the 17 key to see on screen the measurement CONFI...

Страница 42: ...TS function allows you to set pilot signals manually To do this using the rotary selector 1 select that function and change it to MANUAL You will see a menu where you can set the frequency of each of...

Страница 43: ...ated based on the active channel plan This new channel plan contains only the channels that have been identified and the rest are removed The equipment offers the possibility of saving in memory the c...

Страница 44: ...nge the bandwidth the Symbol Rate changes proportionally and vice versa 2 Spectral inversion If necessary activate the Spectral inversion On If the spectral inversion is not correctly selected recepti...

Страница 45: ...ulation carriers between 2k 4k and 8k To modify its value place the marker over the Carriers field by turning the rotary selector and then press it a menu will appear on the screen Turning the rotary...

Страница 46: ...eter is essential for the correct operation of the tuner as it affects the frequency separation of the carriers If you change the bandwidth the Symbol Rate changes proportionally and vice versa 2 Spec...

Страница 47: ...DVB S Figure 21 Mesurement configuration screen QPSK signals 5 Modulations Only in DVB S2 Modulation used by carriers It defines also the system noise immunity QPSK and 8PSK 6 Polarization It affects...

Страница 48: ...rning the rotary selector deviate the tuning frequency until MPEG 2 message appears Finally tune channel again to minimize the frequency deviation which optimizes the BER and therefore minimize the BE...

Страница 49: ...els Level Level measurement of the currently tuned carrier C N Ratio between the modulated signal power and the equivalent noise power for a same bandwidth Satellite band Digital channels DVB S S2 Cha...

Страница 50: ...EQ CH LEVEL C N V A FM DEV 78 2 40 1 16 2 dB V dB dB kHz MHz 168 25 S10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 Figure 22 Analogue signal level measurement in terrestrial band Turn the rotary selector 1 to change the...

Страница 51: ...quivalent level will be 90 dB V 10 log 10 100 dB V Observe that in this case loss of tuning by overload of the RF input may occur besides other effects such as tuner saturation and generation of inter...

Страница 52: ...ier peak deviation On the screen appears the deviation peaks in order to observe if they are within a suitable range limit valid for both the receiver and the transmitter in the transmittting system 5...

Страница 53: ...bandwidth according to the definition of the selected standard B Terrestrial band digital carrier Both measurements are done with an average detector 230 kHz and the same corrections are introduced on...

Страница 54: ...measured will correspond to the position of the vertical discontinuous green coloured cursor that appears in the spectrum graph 13 In order to modify this frequency press the measurement configuratio...

Страница 55: ...the following information FREQ CH C N POWER MER CBER VBER 21 3 55 8 19 5 dB dB V dB MHz kHz 650 00 3 43 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 5 0E 2 5 3E 4 MPEG 2 TS Figure 28 Digital channel power measurement In a...

Страница 56: ...dulated signals or DVB S S2 for the measurement of QPSK 8PSK modulated signals 3 Enter the parameters relative to the digital signal which appear in the measurement CONFIGURATION menu as described pre...

Страница 57: ...rence about the signal quality it is considered that a system has a good quality when it decodes less than one non correctable error for every transmission hour This border is known as QEF Quasi Error...

Страница 58: ...mon decoder we obtain nothing more than different error rates The TV EXPLORER II II provides the BER after Viterbi VBER TUNER A D COFDM DEMOD RED SOLOMON BER after Viterbi VITERBI BER before FEC MER F...

Страница 59: ...e the symbol time AFC in lock The system automatic frequency control can identify and lock a digital transmission TDT but its parameters can not be obtained It can be due to a transitory situation pre...

Страница 60: ...to a digital signal the error rate changes therefore if we measure in a digital satellite television system for example the error rate at the output of the QPSK demodulator at the output of the Viterb...

Страница 61: ...POWER MER CBER BER L 16 1 69 8 12 6 dB dB V dB 2121 97 12722 0 1657 119 1 1E 1 2 7E 7 ELAPSED TIME 00 00 05 FREQ DL Ku CH Figure 38 DVB S2 QPSK 8PSK signals LBER measurement screen The BER measuremen...

Страница 62: ...on correctable errors It is not possible to quantify the BER MPEG 2 TS DVB S Correct detection of a MPEG 2 signal 5 14 8 Digital TV Measuring MER Once determined the suitable parameters for COFDM QAM...

Страница 63: ...some artefacts can be observed Analogue and digital carriers are very different in terms of signal contents and power distribution over the channel They therefore need to be measured differently The...

Страница 64: ...ulation type is represented differently A DVB C 16 QAM signal is represented on the screen by a total of 64 different zones and so on The constellation shows in different colours the density of hits a...

Страница 65: ...ending order A greater dispersion of the symbols indicates greater level of noise or worse signal quality If concentration of symbols or noise appears is indicative of good carrier noise ratio or abse...

Страница 66: ...ransmission quality is visualised in a qualitative way using a colour range for the symbol density concentrated in a certain area This colour coding goes from black no symbols to red maximum density a...

Страница 67: ...e satellite name and orbital position are stated MODULATION DVB S QPSK F DL Ku CH 66 11390 0 MHz 1139 00 MPEG 2 TS DVB S CLEAR ZOOM x1 DECAY 16 Figure 44 Constellation Diagram DVB S QPSK signal When s...

Страница 68: ...discover the signals present in the frequency band in quickly and easily and to make measurements at the same time To select it press 13 key The monitor will show a picture like the one described in...

Страница 69: ...ncy range displayed called span from hereon can also be altered using the horizontal cursors 6 key Therefore enables selecting the displayed screen frequency range in Spectrum Analyser mode between Fu...

Страница 70: ...pectrogram is a useful tool and it has been designed to detect problems in a wide range of frequencies These problems could appear at any time and sporadically The Spectrogram function makes a graphic...

Страница 71: ...to move the cursor at any time position regards to the initial capture time To adjust the T Span or t uses the variable knob or the cursor On the Y axis are placed the frequency variables In this axis...

Страница 72: ...data This option is very useful if we want to work during the capture process due to the problems can be detected in real time and the cursor can be moved at any temporal reference When a temporal mo...

Страница 73: ...nnect each signal level dB with the respective colour will be showed Start Select it to start the capture process To finalize the capture manually pres the key 17 and select STOP Exit Select it to go...

Страница 74: ...dB MER BY CARRIER 40 30 20 10 Figure 49 MER by carrier function As it shows in the following figure when analysing MER by carrier in this digital channel appears three degradation areas throughout the...

Страница 75: ...belongs to carriers and the X axis to time Therefore a colour map is showed on the display see figure 50 Any MER level could be displayed at any time reference using the cursors or the variable knob...

Страница 76: ...he carriers In this axis the initial and final carriers are showed and depend on the 8k 4k 2k mode Next to the final carrier the number of carrier and the MER level where the cursor are placed is show...

Страница 77: ...time so that if we want to analyze a previous point we should go backward in the time For example if the elapsed time is 500 s and we want to go to the second 200 the temporal position t must be fille...

Страница 78: ...URE select the folder others and select the file that will be erased with the variable knob 5 18 ECHOES Analyzer COFDM The ECHOES function can detect and display echoes that may appear when receiving...

Страница 79: ...G NOT ENOUGH LEVEL 46 2 50 0 dB V TESTING DVB T H POWER OK 51 6 32 0 dB V TRYING CURRENT DVB T H CONFIG DIGITAL DVB T H SEARCHING NETWORK NAME CANCEL 482 00 MHz 22 DL 482 0 MHz Figura 53 Automatic ide...

Страница 80: ...Figura 55 ECHOES COFDM Screen You can move the vertical cursor along the horizontal axis using the rotary knob If the signal were not correctly locked at the top left of the screen would appear the ic...

Страница 81: ...f during scanning the instrument is unlocked the screen will show a warning message of the incident Once the scanning is over you will see the detected echoes on the screen Figure 57 Now you can analy...

Страница 82: ...ill be back to normal size The zoom key will be renamed to ZOOM x1 5 19 Screen capture only TV EXPLORER II The user can capture and save different screens in a file with the aim to process them later...

Страница 83: ...of a text file CSV These files can be very useful if they are included in documents such as a spreadsheet data base etc There is a software application to download the files to the PC Users can also...

Страница 84: ...l see a list of captured screens files To delete a file place on it and press the rotary selector 1 To delete all stored files place on ALL option and press the rotary selector 1 NOTE You cannot use t...

Страница 85: ...entifier TSID One other data box contains audio information type of audio coding MPEG 1 MPEG 2 or AC 3 audio bit rate audio program identifier APID and language e g spa The last box located in the sam...

Страница 86: ...e to accede to the list of services contained in the Table For it place the field selector by means of the vertical cursors 6 key on the field of the active service e g VTV 1 in the following figure a...

Страница 87: ...ls it will obtain a video signal according to the format selected by the users see the following table ANALOGUE MODE ORIGINAL VIDEO SELECTED FORMAT EXPLORER II II TV SCREEN SCART CONNECTOR 4 3 4 3 PIL...

Страница 88: ...rmation see previous section Press the UTILITIES 22 key to record or to reproduce a video sequence In order to record the channel on tune press the UTILITIES 22 key and select the option PVR Recording...

Страница 89: ...left one shows the spectrum of the signals detected in the band and on the right two analogue bars represents the more high signal level found during the last carried out sweeping The left bar shows...

Страница 90: ...frontal panel It allows to define the satellite band configuration parameters and select through SEND function one of the eight predefined programs which execute basic functions to control an universa...

Страница 91: ...to 127 GOTO POSITION 1 to 255 HALT STORE POSITION 1 to 255 Positioner RECALCULATE 1 to 255 Table 5 Available DiSEqC commands When selecting the COMMANDS option in the Spectrum Analyser mode 13 in the...

Страница 92: ...d finally the frequencies corresponding to each slot FREQ DL Ku CH LEVEL C N 30 0 7 6 dB V dB MHz MHz 1300 02 11900 0 2 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 SATCR DiSEqC NUMBER OF SLOTS ADDRESS STEP ENABLE PILOTS SL...

Страница 93: ...Repeat the operation by each additional digit you wish to eliminate Once deleted the first digit when keeping pressed the 17 key erases the rest of characters from field 2 Entering alphanumeric data e...

Страница 94: ...known as PERITEL connector in conformity with standard NF C92250 The signals in this connector are the following PIN number SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS 1 Right channel audio output 2 Right channel audio in...

Страница 95: ...ll those disencryption systems for which a valid CAM module exists according to DVB CI with the corresponding subscriber card The TV EXPLORER II by means of Common Interface method offers the possibil...

Страница 96: ...ssing to the next menu or to the option selected In order to insert or to change one CAM module follow these steps The CAM module connector 38 is located on the equipment rear panel Place the instrume...

Страница 97: ...USER S MANUAL TV EXPLORER II II Page 94 12 2013...

Страница 98: ...le of 90 between the eye and the screen should not be considered manufacturing defects either It is advisable a viewing angle of 15 in the 6 00 o clock direction in orden to obtain the optimum visuali...

Страница 99: ......

Страница 100: ...onction d Identification Automatique de signaux AUTO ID 32 5 9 Plan de Fr quences 33 5 10 Fonction Datalogger Saisies 35 5 10 1 Acquisitions pour Test Att nuation et Essai F I Sat 36 5 11 V rification...

Страница 101: ...OGRAMME 78 5 17 2 3 Effacer un fichier de MEROGRAMME 78 5 18 Analyse des CHOS COFDM 78 5 19 Saisir des crans seulement TV EXPLORER II 82 5 19 1 R cup rer des crans saisis 83 5 19 2 Effacer des crans s...

Страница 102: ...cessit s de mesure pendant la transition des transmissions analogiques aux num riques dans les syst mes terrestres satellites et par c ble Permet d effectuer mesures de signaux analogiques et num riqu...

Страница 103: ...i m me les canaux et les collectionne dans un registre de donn es sans avoir besoin d aucune information pr alable sur le nombre de canaux le type de signaux transmis ou les caract ristiques de ces de...

Страница 104: ...m nes de bruit impulsionnel Il pr sente un innovateur syst me de contr le de la repr sentation au moyen de fl ches de curseur qui rend tr s intuitive l utilisation de la fonction analyseur de spectres...

Страница 105: ...ur chaque session R solution 5 1000 MHz 50 kHz 950 2150 MHz 200 kHz span FULL 500 200 100 50 32 16 MHz Rechercheautomatique Explorer Niveau seuil s lectionnable S lection DVB T H DVB C et DVB S S2 Ide...

Страница 106: ...spectrale S lectionnable ON OFF Hi rarchie Indication de mode hi rarchique ID cellule Station transmetteuse Signalisation TPS Time slicing symbol interleaver et MPE FEC PARAM TRES DU SIGNAL DVB C D m...

Страница 107: ...45 1000 MHz 22 C 5 C Bandes satellite 2 5 dB 40 100 dB V 950 2050 MHz 22 C 5 C Indication de sur marge MODE MESURES Bandes terrestre Canaux analogiques Niveau Rapport Vid o Audio et Rapport Porteuse B...

Страница 108: ...tionnable Marqueurs 1 avec indication de fr quence et niveau ou C N chelle verticale R glable par pas de 5 ou 10 dB Mesures Bandes terrestres Canaux analogiques Niveau Canaux num riques Puissance du c...

Страница 109: ...matiques et plans de canaux ALIMENTATION DES UNIT S EXT RIEURES Par le connecteur d entr e RF Terrestre et satellite Externe ou 5 13 15 18 24 V Signal de 22 kHz S lectionnable en bande satellite Tensi...

Страница 110: ...Batterie rechargeable Li 7 2 V 12 Ah 1x AT 010 Att nuateur 10 dB 1x AD 055 Adaptateur F H BNC H 1x AD 056 Adaptateur F H DIN H 1x AD 057 Adaptateur F H F H 1x AL 103 Alimentateur CC externe 1x DC 229...

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