COfW[c[ F]eS` F]W\b J`OQYS` CFFJ 43325304
KaS` CO\cOZ }<\UZWaV~/ FOUS 4
;SO` :cab][S`/
COX]` =c\QbW]\a
HSQ][[S\RObW]\a T]` KaS
C]c\bW\U O\R :]\\SQbW\U
>`]c\RW\U bVS I]ZO` IgabS[
IbO`bW\U c^ bVS :]\b`]ZZS`
;Wa^ZOg =c\QbW]\a
HA@2
HA@1
HA@3
ISbbW\U c^ g]c` CFFJ
1
2
3
P^Wda oek l[ho ckY^ \eh Xko_d] j^_i L^eYei fheZkYj. S_j^ oekh
d[m ILLP IWn_ckc Lem[h Le_dj PhWYa[h, oek emd W ijWj[-e\-
j^[-Whj Z[l_Y[ m^_Y^ mWi Z[l[bef[Z WYYehZ_d] je j^[ bWj[ij
WlW_bWXb[ j[Y^d_YWb ijWdZWhZi. Ej Yec[i m_j^ W dkcX[h e\
ekjijWdZ_d] \[Wjkh[i, ikY^ Wi:
IWn_ckc Lem[h Le_dj PhWYa_d] j[Y^debe]o, m^_Y^ _dYh[Wi[i
j^[ [\\_Y_[dYo e\ oekh LR ioij[c
=bbemi \eh j^[ ki[ e\ b[ii [nf[di_l[ ]h_Z-Yedd[Yj[Z iebWh
fWd[bi \eh 12/24R ijWdZ-Wbed[ ioij[ci
=kjecWj_Y 12/24 Rebj Z[j[Yj_ed
P[cf[hWjkh[-?ecf[diWj[Z, P^h[[-OjW][ E-Q ?khl[ ?^Wh][
N[]kbWj_ed
Bkbb [b[Yjhed_Y fhej[Yj_ed
}
N[l[hi[ LebWh_jo, Kl[h-?khh[dj,
O^ehj-Y_hYk_j, Kl[h-P[cf[hWjkh[, [jY.
~
D_]^ [\\_Y_[dYo
@EJ hW_b YecfWj_Xb[
J[]Wj_l[ ]hekdZ
P^_i cWdkWb ]_l[i _cfehjWdj h[Yecc[dZWj_edi \eh _dijWbb_d]
WdZ ki_d] j^[ ILL PhWYa[h. N[WZ _j YWh[\kbbo WdZ c_dZ j^[ iW\[jo
WdZ kiW][ h[Yecc[dZWj_edi Wj j^[ [dZ e\ j^_i cWdkWb.
P^[ ILLP Y^Wh][i oekh XWjj[ho ckY^ \Wij[h j^Wd W h[]kbWh
Y^Wh][ Yedjhebb[h.
P^[ ILLP fhej[Yji j^[ XWjj[ho \hec X[_d] el[hY^Wh][Z Xo j^[
iebWh WhhWo. P^[ Y^Wh]_d] Y^WhWYj[h_ij_Yi _dYbkZ[ i[l[hWb ijW][i
m^_Y^ _dYbkZ[ WkjecWj_Y WZWfjWj_ed je j^[ WcX_[dj
j[cf[hWjkh[.
P^[ ILLP WZ`kiji _ji[b\ WkjecWj_YWbbo je 12R eh 24R ioij[c
lebjW][.
P^[ ILLP ^Wi W dkcX[h e\ iW\[jo WdZ Z_ifbWo \kdYj_edi.
P^[ ILLP mWhci kf Zkh_d] dehcWb ef[hWj_ed.
P^[ ILLP Ze[i dej d[[Z Wdo cW_dj[dWdY[ eh i[hl_Y[. N[cel[
Zkij m_j^ W Zho j_iik[.
Ej _i _cfehjWdj j^Wj j^[ XWjj[ho _i \kbbo Y^Wh][Z \h[gk[djbo
}
Wj
b[Wij cedj^bo
~
. Kj^[hm_i[ j^[ XWjj[ho m_bb X[ f[hcWd[djbo
ZWcW][Z.
= XWjj[ho YWd edbo X[ \kbbo Y^Wh][Z _\ dej jee ckY^ [d[h]o _i
ZhWmd Zkh_d] Y^Wh]_d]. G[[f j^_i _d c_dZ, [if[Y_Wbbo _\ oek
_dijWbb WZZ_j_edWb beWZi.
P^[ ILLP _i _dj[dZ[Z \eh _dZeeh ki[ edbo. Lhej[Yj _j \hec Z_h[Yj
ikdb_]^j WdZ fbWY[ _j _d W Zho [dl_hedc[dj. J[l[h _dijWbb _j _d
^kc_Z heeci
}
b_a[ XWj^heeci
~
.
P^[ ILLP c[Wikh[i j^[ WcX_[dj j[cf[hWjkh[ je Z[j[hc_d[
j^[ Y^Wh]_d] lebjW][. P^[ ILLP WdZ j^[ XWjj[ho ckij X[
_dijWbb[Z _d j^[ iWc[ heec.
P^[ ILLP mWhci kf Zkh_d] ef[hWj_ed, WdZ i^ekbZ j^[h[\eh[
X[ _dijWbb[Z ed W ded-\bWccWXb[ ikh\WY[ edbo.
DEJ<7
?edd[Yj j^[ ILLP Xo \ebbem_d] j^[ ij[fi Z[iYh_X[Z
X[bemje Wle_Z _dijWbbWj_ed fheXb[ci.
Lb[Wi[ i[[ B_] 1, 2 WdZ 3 j^Wj i^em^emje _dijWbb j^[ ILLP ed
W ijWdZWhZ 35cc @EJ NW_b.
IWa[ ikh[ j^Wj j^[ l[dj_bWj_ed ib_ji Wh[ kdeXijhkYj[Z.
Iekdj @_d NW_b edje j^[ l[hj_YWb ikh\WY[.
Iekdj ILLP _d W mWo j^Wj [dikh[i j^[h[ _i [dek]^ ifWY[ X[bem
WdZ WXel[ \eh j^[ W_h je l[hj_YWbbo \bemj^hek]^ j^[ l[dj_bWj_ed
ibeji.
?edd[Yj j^[ m_h[i b[WZ_d] je j^[
iebWh WhhWo m_j^ j^[ Yehh[Yj
febWh_jo. Pe Wle_Z Wdo lebjW][ \hec
j^[ m_h[i, \_hij Yedd[Yj j^[
Yedjhebb[h, j^[d j^[ iebWh WhhWo.
I_dZ j^[ h[Yecc[dZ[Z m_h[ i_p[:
ILLP 100/20-1: c_d 10 ccs
?bei[ j^[ Yel[h e\ iebWh i_Z[.
DEJ<7
LbWY[ j^[ fei_j_l[ WdZ j^[ d[]Wj_l[ m_h[i Ybei[ je [WY^
ej^[h je c_d_c_p[ [b[YjhecW]d[j_Y [\\[Yji.
DEJ<7
OebWh fWd[bi fhel_Z[ lebjW][ Wi ieed Wi [nfei[Z je ikd
b_]^j. I_dZ j^[ iebWh fWd[b cWdk\WYjkh[h
|
i h[Yecc[dZWj_edi.
Kf[d j^[ Yel[h Wj j^[ XWjj[ho i_Z[.
?edd[Yj j^[ m_h[i b[WZ_d] je j^[
XWjj[ho m_j^ j^[ Yehh[Yj febWh_jo.
Pe Wle_Z Wdo lebjW][ \hec j^[ m_h[i,
\_hij Yedd[Yj j^[ ILLP WdZ j^[d j^[
XWjj[ho. I_dZ j^[ h[Yecc[dZ[Z
m_h[ b[d]j^
}
c_d 30Yc je cWn
Wffhen. 100Yc
~
WdZ j^[ m_h[ i_p[:
10 ccs je 16 ccs: cWn. 1 c
25 ccs je 35 ccs: cWn. 2 c
?bei[ j^[ Yel[h e\ j^[ XWjj[ho i_Z[.
DEJ<7
I_dZ j^[ h[Yecc[dZWj_edi e\ oekh XWjj[ho cWdk\WYjkh[h.
S[ ijhed]bo h[Yecc[dZ Yedd[Yj_d] W \ki[ Z_h[Yjbo je j^[
XWjj[ho je fhej[Yj Wdo i^ehj Y_hYk_j _d j^[ XWjj[ho m_h_d]. P^[
\ki[ ckij Wj b[Wij jWa[ j^[ ILLP
|
i dec_dWb Ykhh[dj eh ceh[.
Ok]][ij_ed: Qi[ W ibemWYj_d] 30= \ki[.
>[ WmWh[ j^Wj j^[ d[]Wj_l[ j[hc_dWbi
e\ j^[ ILLP Wh[ Yedd[Yj[Z _dj[hdWbbo
WdZ j^[h[\eh[ ^Wl[ j^[ iWc[
[b[Yjh_YWb fej[dj_Wb. E\ Wdo ]hekdZ_d]
_i h[gk_h[Z, WbmWoi Ze j^_i ed j^[
d[]Wj_l[ m_h[i.
=i ieed Wi j^[ ILLP _i Yedd[Yj[Z je j^[ XWjj[ho lebjW][, _j ijWhji
ef[hWj_d] WdZ i^emi j^[ o[bbem HA@. S^[d iebWh lebjW][ _i
Wffb_[Z, _j m_bb WYj_lWj[ j^[ ]h[[d HA@ WdZ ijWhj Y^Wh]_d] j^[
XWjj[ho.
DEJ<7
P^[h[ cWo dej X[ Wd _cc[Z_Wj[ Y^Wd][ _d j^[ HA@ b_]^ji
y
E\ j^[ Yedjhebb[h ^Wi ]ed[ _dje ib[[f ceZ[, _j cWo jWa[ kf je
ed[ c_dkj[ je WYj_lWj[.
IgabS[ L]ZbOUS
P^[ ILLP WZ`kiji _ji[b\ WkjecWj_YWbbo je 12R eh 24R ioij[c
lebjW][.
=i ieed Wi j^[ lebjW][ Wj j^[ j_c[ e\ ijWhj-kf [nY[[Zi 18.0R,
j^[ ILLP _cfb_[i j^Wj _j _i W 24R ioij[c.
P^[ ILLP _i [gk_ff[Z m_j^ 3 HA@i.
HA@1
}
Ch[[d
~
:
KJ-@Wo
}
Y^Wh]_d]
~
KBB-J_]^j
}
de Y^Wh]_d]
~
HA@2
}
T[bbem
~
:
KJ- ILLP _i ed
KBB- ILLP _i e\\
HA@3
}
N[Z
~
:
KJ-BW_bkh[
KBB-JehcWb ef[hWj_ed
P^[ ILLP Yec[i m_j^ Wd 8 feb[ @EL-im_jY^, m^_Y^ YWd X[ ki[Z
je i[j kf oekh ILLP.
