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5 General concepts
5 General concepts
5.1 Control modes
5.1.1 General
The control mode of systems without feedback is called open loop, the mode with feedback is called closed
loop. In the closed loop control mode, it is initially irrelevant whether the fed back signals come from the
motor itself or from the influenced process.
For controllers with feedback, the measured control variable (actual value) is constantly compared with a set
point (set value). In the event of deviations between these values, the controller readjusts according to the
specified control parameters.
Pure controllers, on the other hand, have no feedback for the value that is to be regulated. The set point (set
value) is only specified.
Open loop operating mode
Closed loop operating mode
Motor Controller
Motor
Process
Target value
Motor Controller
Motor
Process
Target value
Actual value
In addition to the physical feedback systems (e.g., via encoders or Hall sensors), model-based feedback
systems, collectively referred to as sensorless systems, are also used. Both feedback systems can also be
used in combination to further improve the control quality.
Motor Controller
Operating mode
Open loop
Operating mode
Closed loop
Physical
feedback systems
Encoder/hall
Sensorless
Model-based
feedback systems
Summarized in the following are all possible combinations of control modes and feedback systems with
respect to the motor technology. Support of the respective control mode and feedback is controller-specific
and is described in chapters and Operating modes.
Control mode
Stepper motor
BLDC motor
Open Loop
yes
no
Closed Loop
yes
yes
Feedback
Stepper motor
BLDC motor
Hall
no
yes
Encoder
yes
yes
Version: 2.0.1 / FIR-v1650
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