28
1.4.4
Integral action (I-action)
The integral action changes the manipulated value (MV) continuously to eliminate the deviation (E), if any. The offset
caused by a proportional action can be eliminated.
In the integral action, the integral time, TI, represents the time that the manipulated value (MV) of the integral action
after the occurrence of deviation (E) becomes equal to that of the proportional action. The following table describes the
difference of actions depending on the value of integral time, TI.
The following figure shows an integral action under step response where the deviation (E) is a fixed value.
The integral action is used as a PI action in combination with a proportional action, or a PID action in combination with
a proportional action and a derivative action. The integral action cannot be used by itself.
Condition
Integral action
TI is a small value
The integral effect becomes larger, and the time to eliminate an offset
becomes shorter. However, hunting is likely to occur.
TI is a large value
The integral effect becomes smaller, and the time to eliminate an offset
becomes longer.
Manipulated value of the Proportional action
Manipulated value of the Integral action
Manipulated value of the Proportional Integral action
Time
T
I
Deviation
(E)
Manipulated
value (MV)
K
P
• E
E
Time
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