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VNA0440 

–

 VNA0440e 

VNA0460 

–

 VNA0460e 

user manual V3.1 

www.megiq.com

 

 

- 49 -

 

11.

 

Match Calculator and simulator 

•

 

Match calculator 

•

 

Matching procedure 

•

 

Optimizing the bandwidth 

A powerful feature of the VNA software to assist in antenna development is the built in 
Match calculator. 

 

The above graphs show the characteristics of the Wifi antenna that is incorporated in the 
VNA  Sandbox.  The  antenna  was  implemented  according  to  the  specifications  of  the 
datasheet  but  the  resulting  impedance  is  not  very  well  matched  to  the  Wifi  band.  The 
return loss graph has two markers at the boundaries of this band and we would like the 
antenna to have at least -10dB return loss in this band. 

A match circuit consisting of a combination of reactive components like capacitors and 
inductors is commonly used to transform the antenna impedance to the desired values. 

The MegiQ VNA software has a match calculator that makes it easy to design this match 
circuit and to simulate the results in real-time. 

Center 2,20GHz / Span 3,60GHz

S22

Z

400

1120

1840

2560

3280

4000

1

1> 2,440GHz: 27,70 - j26,35

2,02 2,11 2,20 2,29 2,38 2,47 2,56 2,65

2,92

F [GHz]

-30

-20

-10

0

RL

[dB]

Center 2,47GHz / Span 0,90GHz

S22

RL

1

2

1> 2,400GHz: -9,32dB
2> 2,500GHz: -5,25dB

Impedance

Return Loss

VSB Measurements\VSB 44/45: Antennas

14-9-2014 15:37:38

Measure: 
Sw eep: 

S11 S21 S12 S22
Frequency

Frequency: 
Pow er: 

400 > 4000 MHz 180 steps (20/)
-10 dBm

Содержание VNA04 Series

Страница 1: ...Center 2 20GHz Span 3 60GHz S11 Z Center 2 20GHz Span 3 60GHz S11 Z VNA0440 VNA0440e VNA0460 VNA0460e User Manual Version 3 1...

Страница 2: ...VNA0440 VNA0440e VNA0460 VNA0460e user manual V3 1 2 www megiq com...

Страница 3: ...giQ BV Esp 242 Eindhoven The Netherlands www megiq com Revision 3 1 SW 1 7 0 FW 1 9 001 Copyright 2013 2020 MegiQ BV All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any me...

Страница 4: ...lation 9 VNA Operating modes 9 5 OVERVIEW 10 Overview of VNA measurements 10 S Parameters 11 Block diagram 11 Sweep sequences 13 File system 13 User interface software 14 Touch screen 15 6 PERFORMING...

Страница 5: ...IT MANAGER 38 Cal Element definitions 39 10 GRAPHS 42 Impedance graphs 42 Gain Graphs 43 Graph control 44 11 MATCH CALCULATOR AND SIMULATOR 49 Matching procedure 50 12 SESSION MANAGER 52 The session m...

Страница 6: ...he MegiQ VNA Sandbox a UFL learning toolbox for explanations and examples of VNA measurements The techniques equally apply to measurements using other connectors and systems The VNA Sandbox has its ow...

Страница 7: ...port Vector Network Analyzer Frequency range of 400MHz to 4GHz 6GHz Full port calibration for direct measurements Full support for Calibration Kits Simple configuration with preset functions Complex p...

Страница 8: ...apter as a port saver Input levels Beware of the maximum RF input level The VNA04x0 can sustain 20dBm RF power When measuring power amplifiers it may be necessary to use attenuators Beware of the maxi...

Страница 9: ...stallation The hardware installation has some different procedures depending on the operating system and version The procedures for hardware installation are described in the software installation man...

Страница 10: ...he measured receive signal the VNA can calculate the impedance connected to the port Two port measurement A VNA can also perform measurements on two port devices such as amplifiers and filters In this...

Страница 11: ...e at port 2 S12 Gain or loss from port 2 to port 1 S21 Gain or loss from port 1 to port 2 The VNA04x0e can also measure these parameters S13 Gain or loss from port 3 to port 1 S23 Gain or loss from po...

Страница 12: ...to detect the real and the imaginary part of the signal with the generator as reference This information converted to digital in the ADC together with the calibration data is used to calculate the com...

Страница 13: ...of a linear amplifier under 5 different DC power supply levels The internal bias generator is used to provide the power to the amplifier This can done via the bias Tee on the same port but you may als...

Страница 14: ...th a PC that provides the user interface software that runs under Windows Most important functions of this software are Set up a measurement control calibration of the measurement Measure and display...

Страница 15: ...hs on the same data set later on Settings tabs You can change the settings i e the measurement parameters like sweep style frequencies output level etc in the different panes you select by clicking on...

Страница 16: ...software has established communication the VNA model is shown and the progress bar is finished 3 Connect your DUT to the VNA port s 4 Select a Preset measurement 1 port S11 or S22 or 2 port This will...

Страница 17: ...eep control bar These are the functions of the sweep control bar You perform a single sweep hitting the Sweep button You can make a repetitive sweep hitting the Run button which is a run stop toggle T...

Страница 18: ...hould be calibrated with some well known impedances for every frequency of interest before you start the actual measurement Therefore before using the instrument you should perform a calibration on th...

Страница 19: ...hese terminations is connected in turn and the software makes calibration measurements for each termination A set of these impedances for calibration is called a Calibration Kit or Calkit They can be...

Страница 20: ...le to the measuring point Calibration Kits For the Open Short and Load calibration you need calibration elements that define these impedances Since the whole measurement depends on the quality of thes...

Страница 21: ...ad and Isolation and 14 for Through calibration The calibrating process is straight forward you will find it step by step below You will find the process for the 1 port and the 2 port measurements You...

Страница 22: ...sary for the measurement as well as the configuration of the measurement port s Set up the port configuration with the Port Setup button In the Port Configuration form select the Connector type and Ge...

Страница 23: ...tion Green Short termination Blue Load termination Purple Through connection between two ports Open 1 Connect the port to the Open termination 2 Select P1 Open and press Calibrate Short 3 Connect the...

Страница 24: ...lkit has one termination of each kind so there are 8 calibration steps The MegiQ UFL tools have a dual calibration kit so that calibration steps can be combined This reduces the calibration to 4 steps...

Страница 25: ...gain should be near zero You are ready to measure now but remember after changing cables connectors or frequency range you ll have to renew the calibration De embedding It is important that the refere...

Страница 26: ...ab select the appropriate S parameter and press the Set Open button The reference plane has now moved to the position of the open end and the following measurements will be at that point It is also po...

Страница 27: ...Frequency Power Attenuation Bias Voltage and Bias Current These parameters are controlled by a standard edit box Depending on the sweep configuration a parameter can be stepped or fixed during the sw...

Страница 28: ...e Measurement screen you select the measurement set up i e on which ports you want to connect the DUT Here you can also indicate that you want to use an external directional coupler The top row and th...

Страница 29: ...e not found in the kits the screen can be closed but the setup is not complete and no calibrations can be made The Cal Kits button opens the Calibration Kit Manager screen This feature is described el...

Страница 30: ...e On the left is a list with available sweeps When one of them is highlighted the right part of the screen shows the setup of the sweep To select a sweep highlight it in the list and use the Select bu...

Страница 31: ...en a sweep is selected all parameters will be set to this default value but they can be changed in the different measurement control panels The Frequency Power sweep has these two parameters reversed...

Страница 32: ...e your own sweep sequence Use the New button to start a new sweep and enter the name of the new sweep Then use the Add buttons to select the parameters for the sweep This process goes from top to bott...

Страница 33: ...r level that is too low will affect dynamic range Warning When measuring amplifiers or generators make sure that the total power to one of the VNA ports does not exceed its absolute maximum rating of...

Страница 34: ...ed values The right side of the panel defines the Bias configuration of each of the VNA ports Open The port has a default ground resistance of 100kOhm Gnd The port has a low ground resistance of about...

Страница 35: ...ibration box is checked the user calibration will be used and the Sweep and Run buttons will only be enabled when all calibration items are complete This box has no effect on performing the actual cal...

Страница 36: ...setup this trace set can contain multiple traces per measurement The Display panel allows selecting the graphs to display in the graph area This also includes display of the calibration data The type...

Страница 37: ...he process of taking out a part of the measurement setup from the results The deembedding parameters can be entered manually in picoseconds and decibels or an Open or Short measurement can be used wit...

Страница 38: ...measurement port You can add new types or remove them unless a connector type is in use by one of the calibration kits If a calibration kit is imported with a new connector type this type will be add...

Страница 39: ...bration and the connector and gender boxes allow for the selection of connector and gender of the element The serial number allows identifying a specific Cal Element from a specific Kit There are actu...

Страница 40: ...calibration point Short element The coefficients L0 through L3 define the parasitic fringe inductance at the calibration point Several Cal Kits have all these coefficients at zero Load Element For the...

Страница 41: ...of course be measured against a better calibration kit The S parameters can be imported from a Touchstone format file S1P or S2P version 1 0 After browsing a Touchstone file the screen shows the prope...

Страница 42: ...ed back because of a mismatch between the source port and the DUT impedance This ratio is displayed in dB and has no phase information The lower the value the better the impedance match A perfect matc...

Страница 43: ...th this source impedance It is represented in a Smith Chart Gain Graphs There is less abundance of graphs to represent the measured gain Gain The Gain chart gives you gain or attenuation in a two port...

Страница 44: ...estores the default value of the scaling There are controls for the vertical and for the horizontal scale Smith charts are always zoomed as a whole the horizontal and vertical zoom controls have the s...

Страница 45: ...an axis for the context menu where it is possible to turn all traces belonging to that axis on or off R3 Right click in the general graph area for the context menu R4 In the Smith chart right click on...

Страница 46: ...ww megiq com Context menu Right clicking on different locations shows the context menu of the graph It mostly has the same list with available options enabled Only the two upper items are different de...

Страница 47: ...e graphs to make maximum use of display area Drag a graph by grabbing the title bar and drag it over another graph A blue square indicates where the graph will land In the above left picture the Imped...

Страница 48: ...ce lines that show what happens when impedances are connected in parallel This is shown in the right graph above Since the distance to the center of the Smith Chart is a measure of the match it is pos...

Страница 49: ...d and we would like the antenna to have at least 10dB return loss in this band A match circuit consisting of a combination of reactive components like capacitors and inductors is commonly used to tran...

Страница 50: ...t the bottom of each possibility 4 The user can select the circuit of his or her preference A low pass structure with series inductors is often a good choice because it provides some added low pass fi...

Страница 51: ...DUT and the matched results then closely match the simulation In some cases an iteration of the matching procedure may be required to optimize the circuit implementation We have modified the labellin...

Страница 52: ...ving a recently made measurement to the open session list is done by clicking the Save As button This opens a window where you can enter the measurement name Note this is NOT the file name of the sess...

Страница 53: ...ke good use of that since a 2 port calibration can take some time If you work with very well defined set ups cables fixtures connectors etc you can save a measurement after calibrating and use this me...

Страница 54: ...screen will allow you to write a Touchstone file for each of the traces This screen allows you to change the base name of the files select the S parameter s and the trace s to save When you press the...

Страница 55: ...er that is connected to the VNA and to have the VNA software on a desk computer to pull up the measurements and create report graphs Report generator The software generates report figures with the Pri...

Страница 56: ...or decrease the relative size of the graph text items if you start with a large screen and scale the figure down in a document you will get small text items If you use a small screen the resulting gr...

Страница 57: ...te with monochrome traces and others Marker Font Size allows increasing the font size in the graphs to make them better readable on larger screens Touch screen turns on some features to support touch...

Страница 58: ...s for generating reports Colour scheme the colour scheme used for reports Hide admittance lines this lets you hide admittance lines in Smith Charts These lines can make the graph very busy and difficu...

Страница 59: ...hecked the software will automatically connect to the VNA when it is detected Connection Controls the connection with the VNA Test VNA Runs a VNA hardware test and reports the result The VNA must be r...

Страница 60: ...port differs for some Windows versions sometimes the name of the device is not shown in the list just the COM port with a generic name This does not necessarily mean that the software can not detect...

Страница 61: ...eboot afterwards Overwrite existing Flag for overwriting existing files Rarely used When uploading firmware the VNA will store the file in its file system At the following reboot the bootloader will i...

Страница 62: ...60 20 60 dBm overall measurement accuracy 0 5 0 5 dB overall directivity accuracy calibrated better than 55 better than 55 dB bias generator control software control V I source and sink bias Tee s int...

Страница 63: ...alibrations and for balanced measurements Facilitates balanced and UFL VNA measurements Includes in depth tutorial Dual UFL OSLT Calibration Kits for 3 PCB layer thicknesses Balanced OSLT kits SMA UFL...

Страница 64: ...VNA0440 VNA0440e VNA0460 VNA0460e user manual V3 1 64 www megiq com www megiq com...

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