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EXAMPLES OF OUTFLOWS

Out

ows attributable to a rainwater event can occur across a number of

different environments.

These include:

• Agricultural  runoff
• Industrial  sites
• Construction  sites
• Irrigation  runoff
• Parking lots and pavement
• Other

While illicit discharges of various chemical constituents into stormwater drains

represent a portion of the overall problem, these are not normally de

ned as

stormwater events. These out

ows can contain a wide variety of both inorganic

and organic contaminants, and must be considered when characterizing the

source of out

ow. Inorganic constituents can often provide an indicator of such

out

ows when used in a manner that takes all indicators into account.

Where there are questions and concerns, either generated through the use

of inorganic indicators, or when there are suspicions regarding organic

contaminants, samples should be sent for further analysis.

While individual test measurements can be effectively used for screening

out

ows, long term trends are important after establishing baseline values for

inorganic indicators (and organic indicators as needed).

MAKING MEASUREMENTS

Colorimetric

Colorimetric methods are based on measuring the intensity of color of a

colored target chemical or reaction product. The optical absorbance is

measured using light of a suitable wavelength. The concentration is determined

by means of a calibration curve obtained using known concentrations of the

determinant.

Turbidimetric

Turbidimetric methods (also known as nephelometry) use an instrument

for measuring the concentration of suspended particulates in a liquid. A

nephelometer (turbidimeter) measures suspended particulates by employing

a light beam (source beam) and a light detector set to one side (90 degrees)

and/or directly opposite (180 degrees) the source beam. Particle density is

then a function of the light re

ected and/or directed into the detectors from the

particles.

Titrimetric

In volumetric titration, chemicals are analyzed by titration with a standardized

Содержание STORMWATCH MS4

Страница 1: ...STORMWATCH Code 7449 MS4 WATER SCREENING KIT ...

Страница 2: ... organic and inorganic constituents into the watercourse through municipal storm drain systems These environments can include pipeline projects construction sites landscaped areas agricultural runoff irrigation ditches industrial sites and a variety of other sources In most cases this material is eventually fed into a stream river or other waterway contributing to the overall pollutant load in tha...

Страница 3: ...hile individual test measurements can be effectively used for screening outflows long term trends are important after establishing baseline values for inorganic indicators and organic indicators as needed MAKING MEASUREMENTS Colorimetric Colorimetric methods are based on measuring the intensity of color of a colored target chemical or reaction product The optical absorbance is measured using light...

Страница 4: ...quid wastes and sewage tend to have elevated color values Unfortunately some clean flow types can also have high color values Field testing has found high color values associated for all contaminated flows but also many uncontaminated flows which yielded numerous false positives Overall color may be a good first screen for problem outfalls but needs to be supplemented by other indicator parameters...

Страница 5: ...robes Although pH data is often not conclusive by itself it can identify problem outfalls that merit follow up investigations using more effective indicators Normal rainwater has a pH of approximately 5 6 Potassium Potassium is found at relatively high concentrations in sewage and extremely high concentrations in many industrial process waters Consequently potassium can act as a good first screen ...

Страница 6: ...amount of current conducted by ions in the sample 2000 μS cm Hardness Calcium and magnesium are titrated with EDTA at a pH controlled by the addition of a buffer An indicator shows the equivalence point 10 mg L as CaCO3 or 2 000 mg L as CaCO3 pH The pH meter measures the difference in potential between the electrode and the reference electrode and converts the reading to pH units 5 or 9 Potassium ...

Страница 7: ...ct 813 248 0585 RANGE 0 00 4 00 ppm Ammonia Nitrogen MDL 0 05 ppm METHOD Ammonia forms a colored complex with Nessler s Reagent in proportion to the amount of ammonia present in the sample Rochelle salt is added to prevent precipitation of calcium or magnesium in undistilled samples SAMPLE HANDLING PRESERVATION Ammonia solutions tend to be unstable and should be analyzed immediately Sample may be ...

Страница 8: ...eagent blank be determined to account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system To determine the reagent blank follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized water blank Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or deionized water sample This test result is the reagent blank Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results o...

Страница 9: ... 3 Select ALL TESTS or another sequence containing 033 Color from TESTING MENU 4 Scroll to and select 033 Color from menu 5 Rinse a tube 0290 with color free water distilled or deionized water Fill to 10 mL line with color free water 6 Insert the tube into chamber close lid and select SCAN BLANK 7 Remove tube from colorimeter Empty tube 8 Rinse tube with sample water Fill to 10 mL line with water ...

Страница 10: ...5 RANGE 0 0 10 0 ppm Potassium MDL 0 8 ppm METHOD Potassium reacts with sodium tetraphenylborate to form a colloidal white precipitate in quantities proportional to the potassium concentration SAMPLE HANDLING PRESERVATION Store samples in polyethylene bottles not in soft glass where leaching of potassium from the glass may occur Samples may be acidified to pH 2 with nitric acid but should be neutr...

Страница 11: ...the test result by the reagent system To determine the reagent blank follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized water blank Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or deionized water sample This test result is the reagent blank Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples It is necessary to determine the reagent bla...

Страница 12: ...nd select SCAN BLANK 7 Rinse a second clean tube 0290 with sample water Fill to the 10 mL line with sample Cap tube Wipe off excess water and fingerprints Shake to resuspend particulate matter Remove all bubbles before measurement 8 Insert tube into chamber close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE Record result in FAU Turbidity measurements should be taken as soon as possible after sample has been collect...

Страница 13: ...t 813 248 0585 To order individual reagents or test kit components use the specified code number NOTE The Titrator is calibrated in terms of total hardness expressed as parts per million ppm calcium carbonate CaCO3 Each minor division on the Titrator scale equals 4 ppm CaCO3 PROCEDURE 1 Fill the test tube 0608 to 12 9 mL line with sample water 2 Add five drops of Hardness Reagent 5 4483 Mix 3 Add ...

Страница 14: ...3 gpg CaCO3 ppm CaCO3 x 0 058 ANALYSIS OF HARDNESS IN SALT WATER When waters containing very high levels of mineral salts including sea and estuary waters are tested the sample must be diluted before titration This test kit contains a calibrated pipet for performing the dilution described below 1 Use the 0 5 mL pipet 0353 to transfer 0 5 mL of the salt water sample to the test tube 0608 2 Dilute t...

Страница 15: ...88mS High Always calibrate in the range closest to the expected measurement value For salinity samples within the range of 1 00 to 9 99 ppt salinity calibrate with a 12 880μS calibration standard 1 Fill a sample cup to 20 mL line with a conductivity standard NOTE The meter allows for a 1 2 or 3 point calibration If calibration is done for more than one point the lowest concentration should be done...

Страница 16: ...nitial diagnostics 3 Press and hold the MODE HOLD button to scroll to the μs or ms mode 4 Immerse the TRACER electrode in the sample Make sure the electrode is completely submersed 5 Slowly stir the sample with the TRACER to remove air bubbles 6 The meter will automatically auto range to the proper range and then display the reading The display will flash 0000 while auto ranging 7 Rinse the electr...

Страница 17: ...ming a three point calibration calibrate with the pH 7 buffer first followed with the pH 4 buffer and then the pH 10 buffer Preparation of Buﬀers 1 Fill a sample cup with 20 mL of distilled or deionized water 2 Add one buffer tablet pH 4 0 Code 3983A pH 7 0 Code 3984A pH 10 0 Code 3985A 3 Use the tablet crusher 0175 to crush the tablet Stir until the tablet has disintegrated NOTE Buffers should be...

Страница 18: ... mL line with the test sample Sample depth must be greater than or equal to 1 5 inches 2 Press the ON OFF button 8888 and then SELF CAL will appear in the display during the initial diagnostics 3 Press and hold the MODE HOLD button to scroll to the pH mode 4 Immerse the TRACER electrode in the sample Make sure the electrode is completely submersed 5 Slowly stir the sample with the TRACER to remove...

Страница 19: ...itions 1 This device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation Note This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when...

Страница 20: ... the bottom The header displays the title of the current menu The footer line displays the time and the date the data logger status and the battery status The menu selection window is in the middle of the display between the header and the footer Some of the menus are looping menus The top and bottom menus are connected in a loop Scrolling down past the bottom of the menu will lead to the top of t...

Страница 21: ...he meter and a site ID which can be used to associate the test record with a site or customer via the SmartLink3 program It also stores a test number which is useful for the SMART3 ABSORBANCE The calibrations for the tests in each sequence have been factory set The absorbance mode is used by technicians during the manufacture of the meter It should not be necessary to access the absorbance mode du...

Страница 22: ... to scroll to the desired function 4 Press ENTER The screen will display Storing for about 1 second and return to the Editing Menu FACTORY SETUP The Factory Setup menu is used in manufacturing of the Smart3 Colorimeter This menu is not for use by the operator in the field SETTING THE POWER SAVE The power saving Auto Shutoff feature will turn the meter off when a button has not been pushed for a se...

Страница 23: ...scroll to the desired setting 4 Press ENTER The screen will display Storing for about 1 second and the meter will return to the Editing Menu 5 Press or to scroll to the desired option 6 Press ENTER The screen will display Storing for about 1 second and the meter will return to the Bluetooth Menu SELECTING A LANGUAGE There are seven languages available in the Smart 3 English Spanish French Portugue...

Страница 24: ...eter above ambient room temperature will decrease the battery charge more quickly than storage at room temperature If the meter does not turn on it means that the battery is at a very low charge Charging the battery with the wall adapter in this state may take up to 10 hours At low temperatures approaching 0 C the battery will charge more slowly It will not charge at all below 0 C The battery icon...

Страница 25: ...r and optics area point a can of compressed air into the light chamber and blow the pressurized air into the light chamber Use a cotton swab dampened with Windex window cleaner to gently swab the interior of the chamber Do not use alcohol it will leave a thin residue over the optics when dry COLORIMETER TUBES AND CHAMBER Colorimeter tubes and colorimeter chambers which have been scratched through ...

Страница 26: ...e must be diluted The test should be repeated on the diluted sample to obtain a reading which is in the concentration range for the test Example Measure 1 mL of the water sample into a graduated cylinder Add distilled or deionized water until the cylinder is filled to the 10 mL line The sample has been diluted by one to nine and the dilution factor is therefore 10 Perform the test procedure then m...

Страница 27: ...s in the concentration range for the test is obtained Be sure to multiply the concentration found by the dilution factor the number of total 10 mL volumes used Example 10 mL of sample is diluted with three 10 mL volumes of demineralized water the dilution factor is four TRACER GENERAL INFORMATION For more information see TRACER pH TDS Salt instruction manual ...

Страница 28: ...CTIONS These are general instructions for the use of the Direct Reading Titrator The titrator in the illustrations is an example Refer to individual test kit instructions for test procedures and the actual range and increment values 1 Fill the titration tube to the specified line with the water sample 2 Add the reagents as specified in the instructions for the individual test method 3 Cap the tube...

Страница 29: ... the large ring on the plunger is opposite the zero 0 line on the scale 7 If an air bubble appears in the Titrator barrell or the adapter tip partially fill the barrel and pump the tiration solution back into the inverted reagent bottle to expel the bubble 8 NOTE When filling the Titrator from a container without a special plug submerge the adapter tip below the surface of the solution and pull ou...

Страница 30: ...f the scale refill the Titrator to the zero line Continue titration until the color change occurs 12 Read the result directly from the scale where the large ring on the Titrator meets the Titrator barrel If the Titrator was refilled to reach the final color change add the total amounts of titrant used to determine the final result 13 If no additional tests are to be made discard the remaining titr...

Страница 31: ...r Tablets 20 pH 10 0 MiniBuffer Tablets 30 mL Conductivity Standard 84 μS 6312 G 30 mL Conductivity Standard 1413 μS 6354 G 30 mL Conductivity Standard 12 880 μS 6317 G 4 Colorimeter Tubes w caps 0290 2 Pipet 1 0 mL plastic 0354 1 Spoon 0 05 g plastic 0696 1 Test Tube 5 10 12 9 15 20 25 mL glass w cap 0608 1 Direct Reading Titrator 0 200 plastic 0382 1 Pipet 0 5 mL plastic 0353 3 Sample Cup w cap ...

Страница 32: ...PO Box 329 Chestertown MD 21620 USA 800 344 3100 f 410 778 6394 www lamotte com 7449 MN 01 10 19 ...

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