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Laird 455-00095, Руководство по настройке

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https://www.lairdconnect.com/wireless-modules/lorawan-

solutions 

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© Copyright 2020 Laird Connectivity.  

All Rights Reserved 

Americas: +1-800-492-2320 

Europe: +44-1628-858-940 

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Before any temperature or humidity data can be transmitted to the application servers, the sensor must first join the network. 
This is done by the Over the Air Activation (OTAA) method. On power-up, the sensor automatically attempts to join the 
network by transmitting a Join Request packet. If a join-accept message is received in return by the sensor, the sensor then 
transmits its current firmware version and the current uplink configuration parameters to the server. 

The network time should be sent to the sensor as part of the first downlink message. If the network time fails to be received, 
the module continues to request it at each data uplink transmission. The module transmits logs to the server without being 
synchronized to the network time. Data logging cannot be performed until a timestamp is received from the Network Server.  

If a join-response message is not received by the sensor, it continues to attempt to join the network server periodically 
(approximately every minute), depending on band specific duty cycle and back-off restrictions. The sensor continues to 
operate in this mode until the join procedure has been successfully completed.  

 

Figure 10: Join procedure 

 

Sensor to LoRa network server RF messages can be configured to transmit Confirmed Packets, requiring an 
acknowledgement. Every RF message sent to the network server is expecting an acknowledgement message back from the 
network server telling the sensor, in effect, 

I got your message

. The sensor retransmits the message a certain number of times 

depending on the current data rate if an acknowledgement is not received. Every two unsuccessful attempts at a data rate 
causes the sensor to lower its data rate by one. Refer to the following tables for how many attempts are made at each data 
rate. 

 

 

Содержание 455-00095

Страница 1: ...A Version 1 12 ...

Страница 2: ...5 Aug 2019 Added AS923 Region Label Support within various sections and created Section 16 Robert Gosewehr Jonathan Kaye 1 7 28 Aug 2019 Reflect new part numbers and modified ext probe specification Chris Boorman Jonathan Kaye 1 8 04 Nov 2019 Added details of Laird 2 packet format Greg Leach Chris Boorman 1 9 02 Dec 2019 Added AS923 Region Supported Label Section Changed Guide and Manual reference...

Страница 3: ...l Measurement 10 4 Connecting to a LoRa Network Server 11 4 1 AppEUI 11 4 1 1 Default AppEUI 11 4 1 2 Reading or Changing the AppEUI 11 4 2 DevEUI 11 4 2 1 Reading the DevEUI Back Label 11 4 3 AppKey 12 4 3 1 Reading the AppKey 12 5 Configuring the Packet Format 13 6 Configuring the Packet Type 15 7 Adaptive Data Rate ADR 16 7 1 Definitions 16 7 2 Data Rate Sensor Performance and Tradeoffs 16 7 2 ...

Страница 4: ... Sensor 22 8 12 1 Sensor Read Period 22 8 12 2 Sensor Aggregate 22 8 12 3 Alarm Levels 23 8 12 4 LED Behavior 23 8 13 Sensor Firmware Version 23 8 14 Resetting the Sensor 23 9 Configuration 24 9 1 Device Configuration 24 10 Mobile Application 25 10 1 Overview 25 10 2 Install Sentrius Sensor Mobile App on Device 25 10 3 Connect to Sentrius Sensor 25 10 3 1 Select Device 26 10 4 Main Screen 26 10 4 ...

Страница 5: ...ring Information 35 14 1 Evaluation Kit Details applies to 455 0001 455 0002 and other regional variants 35 15 Other Variants 36 15 1 External Temperature Sensor 36 15 2 External Open Closed Sensor 36 15 3 External RTD Sensor 37 16 Label Info 39 16 1 Back Label 40 16 1 1 QR Code 1 Info 40 16 1 2 QR Code 2 Info 40 16 1 3 QR Code 3 Info 40 16 2 Label Back Label Space 40 16 3 AS923 Region Labels 41 1...

Страница 6: ...ges are based on the Sentrius RS191 but the same are applicable for the Sentrius RS186 or other variants Any differences are noted The Sentrius RS1xx LoRa Enabled Sensor from Laird is the ultimate in secure scalable robust LoRa solutions for end to end control of your private LoRaWAN network Based on the Semtech SX1272 chipset it offers a long range up to ten miles perfect for highly scalable flex...

Страница 7: ...Lithium batteries also have a lower temperature range of 40 C as opposed to 20 C for alkaline Figure 4 displays the results of an experiment done with lithium and alkaline batteries at cold 20 C temperatures A discharge profile was set up on a power analyzer that consumed 75 mA for 200 mS and then rested 400 mS before repeating This resulted in an average current of 25 mA continuous The lithium ba...

Страница 8: ...y life must account for the battery type Default Battery Type for the Sentrius Sensor Alkaline batteries The battery type can be changed via the Sentrius mobile application Refer to the Configuration section for details The batteries are inserted on the rear panel of the RS1xx sensor as shown in Figure 2 Note The battery door cover has a gasket inside to keep out liquids It is important that all s...

Страница 9: ...ng battery level These are described in the following sections The relatively linear effect of temperature upon alkaline battery discharge permits a look up table system for calculating the remaining battery life Temperature dependent voltages combined series voltages of the two AA batteries inserted as shown in Table 2 through Table 7 are used to determine the remaining battery life with an inter...

Страница 10: ... 2 75 3 2 65 2 2 5 1 2 3 Table 7 Alkaline battery levels at 60 C Level Remaining Voltage V 5 2 95 4 2 8 3 2 7 2 2 55 1 2 3 To account for the temperature effects on voltage of lithium batteries the sensor calculates a voltage offset based on the measured temperature which is applied to the raw voltage data The temperature compensated battery voltage is compared against the values in Table 8 to det...

Страница 11: ...e end user so any number can be used The DevEUI is an 8 byte ID used to uniquely identify your device It is assigned and set in the device by Laird at the time of manufacturing The DevEUI is printed on the back label of the sensor as highlighted in red in Figure 5 In previous versions of the label there is a large area of whitespace which can be used to apply a secondary label or write in informat...

Страница 12: ... The AppKey is a 16 byte security key assigned to the device Laird assigns and sets it in the device at the time of manufacturing The AppKey is printed on a removeable label that is attached to the device when it is shipped Figure 6 IMPORTANT It is the user s responsibility to keep track of the assigned AppKey and to keep it secure Figure 6 AppKey label The AppKey is also accessible via the barcod...

Страница 13: ...e Network Time section for more information The Laird 2 format was introduced in firmware version 5 4 The data format is the same as that of the Laird packet format and a time packet is also required from the network It differs from the Laird packet format in that it can be configured for unconfirmed packet transmission to the network and defaults to this behavior Furthermore a sensor data packet ...

Страница 14: ... Remaining battery capacity Backlogs fixed to On Fail see logging section Confirmed packets only Laird 2 Configurable logging modes On Fail and Continuous Local indication of joining a network by holding of the LoRa LED for three seconds Sending of a sensor data packet immediately upon having joined a network Configurable confirmed and unconfirmed packets Cayenne Temperature Humidity Open Closed d...

Страница 15: ...confirmed packets there is a higher likelihood that an uplink data packet is successfully transmitted to the servers as the RS1xx automatically resends a packet if an acknowledgement is not received refer to the Ack Retries section for more details on the Ack Retry process However one downside is using up more bandwidth on the network as there is a downlink packet for each uplink With unconfirmed ...

Страница 16: ...ime of the device relative to the non transmit time If a device transmits a packet that was one second long it could not transmit for another 1000 seconds 1 1000 0 1 1000 seconds is over 15 minutes in a 0 1 band Remember to take LoRa gateway duty cycle restrictions into consideration regarding the number of sensors at certain data rates that a gateway can support if confirmed packets are configure...

Страница 17: ...nsor joins the network On power up the Sentrius Sensor starts transmitting Join requests alternately on a random 125 kHz channel at data rate 2 in the selected sub band and then a random 500 kHz channel at data rate 6 It continues this sequence until the sensor joins the network The LoRa specification defines the commands necessary to manage the sensor data rate in response to changing RF conditio...

Страница 18: ...ation within electronics will directly cause or contribute to premature failure by corrosion and shorting electronic circuitry also promoting dendrite growth Damage caused by condensation will void the warranty Fortunately condensation can be avoided by operators being aware of the risk and taking precautions Causes of condensation The Sentrius RS1xx sensors are IP65 rated but even with that level...

Страница 19: ...to the server without being synchronized to the network time Data logging cannot be performed until a timestamp is received from the Network Server If a join response message is not received by the sensor it continues to attempt to join the network server periodically approximately every minute depending on band specific duty cycle and back off restrictions The sensor continues to operate in this ...

Страница 20: ...cket Formats after the sensor joins a network it can start sending data packets to the server However before the sensor can use the backlog feature it must first get the network time This is sent in epoch time number of seconds since January 1 2015 Once the network time is received the device can be configured to store unacknowledged packets in the Flash device On the successful reception of a Joi...

Страница 21: ...f already retrieved logs in flash The LIFO option can handle this FIFO cannot Note The backlog feature only functions if the sensor has received a timestamp from the server In situations where the timestamp is not available any logs that are not successfully received by the server are lost Note For the Laird Packet Format the Logging Mode is fixed to On Fail For the Laird 2 Packet Format logging c...

Страница 22: ... to inaccurate humidity readings To combat this there is a heating element on the sensor itself which can be turned on to burn off this condensation and restore the sensor to proper operation This is activated by means of a downlink command with the heater being switched on as soon as the command is received See the RS1xx LoRa Protocol document for more information on this command This allows the ...

Страница 23: ... sensor backlog data into a separate section of FLASH so that it may be prioritized during backlog retrieval The first LED indicator is used for LoRa status see Figure 1 The device can be configured to flash a LED based on the LoRa network status A green LED flash indicates that the device is connected to the LoRa network server an orange LED flash indicates that the device is not connected to the...

Страница 24: ...avior Configure Blue LED to flash when advertising connectable x x Set Humidity Alarm Thresholds Set the min max humidity values that will trigger an alarm condition x x Set LoRa AppEUI Read Write x Set LoRa AppKey Write Only x Set LoRa DevEUI Read Write x Set LoRa LED Behavior Configure Green Orange LED behavior based on LoRa status x x Set Temperature Alarm Thresholds Set the min max temperature...

Страница 25: ...923 0610 The Sentrius mobile application allows a user to configure a device troubleshoot a device see real time sensor data and update firmware Search the appropriate app store Apple or Android for the Sentrius Sensor App and install on device Press the Bluetooth button see 2 on Figure 11 Figure 11 Top of the Sentrius The Sentrius Sensor begins advertising and become connectable ...

Страница 26: ... Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 The DevEUI printed on the pack of the label is sent as part of the Bluetooth advertisement Look for that DevEUI in the Device List as shown in Figure 12 Figure 12 Select the applicable device Figure 13 is the main screen of the mobile application when an integrated temp humidity Sentrius sensor is connected Figure 13 Mobile application main ...

Страница 27: ...sor Section for more information Friendly Name Used to assign a user friendly name to the device such as its location LoRa LED Behavior Used to control the cadence of the heartbeat LED time in seconds For example a setting of 10 flashes the appropriate LED every ten seconds A setting of 0 turns off the LED With a setting of 65535 the device flashes the green LED during LoRa transmit and the orange...

Страница 28: ...Note The graphs might not show contiguous data A graph will only get updated when that page is selected so no new values are added or deleted if the app is not showing that page If a user switches from the graph to another page and then returns several minutes later the graph will start being updated from where it was previously As there is no indication of time on the graph this can cause confusi...

Страница 29: ...aird Connectivity All Rights Reserved Americas 1 800 492 2320 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 Navigation Screen Comments Use the LoRa Info page to view data on the LoRa Network Navigation Screen Comments Use the BLE Info page to view information on the BLE connection ...

Страница 30: ... The released firmware builds from Laird are stored in the cloud The Sentrius App will look in this location and display available versions of the firmware Select the appropriate file to start the update process The Test Versions and New Region button are for internal Laird use only They are password protected so as to avoid incorrect use Note The sensor does not allow downgrading the firmware Fir...

Страница 31: ...e Backlog Info page is used to extract and view backlog data Retrieve is clicked to begin readback of backlog data from the sensor Previous and Next are used to view backlog data locally Once retrieval is complete Email can be used to trigger sending of log data in CSV format to a configurable email address Warning The Battery Life Calculator should only be used as a general guide The Battery Life...

Страница 32: ...ntrolled exposure the antenna s used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter IMPORTANT NOTE If these conditions cannot be met for certain configurations or co location with another transmitter then the FCC and Industry Canada authorizations are no longer considered ...

Страница 33: ... 1 this device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation This device complies with Industry Canada license exempt RSS standard s Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause interference and 2 this device must accept any interference including interference ...

Страница 34: ...Requirement Reference Standard s 3 1a Health EN62311 2008 Safety EN60950 1 2006 A11 A1 2010 A12 2011 A2 2013 3 1b Protection requirements Electromagnetic compatibility EN 301 489 1 v2 2 0 2017 03 EN 301 489 3 v2 1 1 2017 03 EN 301 489 17 v3 2 0 2017 03 3 2 Means of the efficient use of the radio frequency spectrum ERM EN 300 220 1 v3 1 1 2017 02 EN 300 220 2 v3 1 1 2017 02 EN 300 328 v2 1 1 2017 0...

Страница 35: ...com wireless modules lorawan solutions 35 Copyright 2020 Laird Connectivity All Rights Reserved Americas 1 800 492 2320 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 See the Laird RS1xx product page for ordering information ...

Страница 36: ...rnal sensor port RJ45 Figure 14 It allows users to connect an external one wire temperature probe to make remote temperature measurements Figure 14 External Temperature Sensor port and temp probe The Sentrius Sensor is available with an external sensor port RJ45 Figure 15 It allows users to connect an external Open Closed sensor to perform remote contact state measurements Figure 15 External Open ...

Страница 37: ...nge up to 180 C Figure 16 External RTD Temperature Sensor port and temp probe For the latest product briefs and user guides for the RTD Probe External Temperature Probe or Open Closed Sensors please see the Documentation tab on the RS1xx product page Note The sensor cable assemblies available as part of the Sentrius product range are NOT interchangeable between Sentrius sensor enclosures blue hous...

Страница 38: ...098 Sentrius RS191 Sensor Ext RTD Temp Probe Smoker NZ 923 MHz 455 00109 450 00098 Sentrius RS191 Sensor Ext RTD Temp Probe Smoker HK 923 MHz 455 00110 450 00098 Sentrius RS191 Sensor Ext RTD Temp Probe Smoker AU 915 MHz 455 00111 450 00098 Sentrius RS191 Sensor Ext RTD Temp Probe Smoker AU 923 MHz 455 00108 450 00098 Sentrius RS191 Sensor Ext RTD Temp Probe Smoker SG 923 MHz Associated Cable Asse...

Страница 39: ...Top Level Sensor Enclosure blue box Part Associated Sensor Sub Assy Number as found on the sensor back label Sensor Description 455 00061 450 0182 Sentrius RS191 Sensor Temp Humidity HK 923 MHz 455 00062 450 0182 Sentrius RS191 Sensor Temp Humidity AU 915 MHz 455 00063 450 0182 Sentrius RS191 Sensor Temp Humidity AU 923 MHz 455 00095 450 0182 Sentrius RS191 Sensor Temp Humidity SG 923 MHz ...

Страница 40: ...r certified and installed in Europe would have a firmware part number 480 0114 Example Readout 480 0111 The QR Code contains the DevEUI All constants are lowercase Example Readout 0025ca0a00000844 The large open white space on the back label can be used to apply a secondary label by the end user For example it may be useful to write a friendly name on the device Note The AS923 region sensor labels...

Страница 41: ...gion s necessary certification logos and ids Green Box Area in Figure 17 The RS191 is the base sensor which is updated for each specific AS923 or AU915 supported region The QR Code contains the specific region 480 FW part number which is used with the Mobile App to program the sensor with the correct region FW Figure 19 Singapore AS923 Region Label Figure 20 Taiwan AS923 Region Label Figure 21 New...

Страница 42: ...ed from an Internal T H and Open Closed RS1xx is shown in Table 15 below Table 15 Cayenne Packet Format Internal T H Open Closed sensor Index Value Description 0 0x01 Data Channel Header 1 0x67 Temperature Data Header 2 0xXX Temperature Data MSB 3 0xXX Temperature Data LSB 4 0x02 Data Channel Header 5 0x68 Humidity Data Header 6 0xXX Humidity Data 7 0x03 Data Channel Header 8 0x02 Analog Input Hea...

Страница 43: ...0 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 For the Open Closed sensor variant additional packets are sent to indicate the condition of the Open Closed sensor The format of the packets is shown in Table 17 Table 17 Cayenne Open Closed sensor packet format Index Value Description 0 0x04 Data Channel Header 1 0x66 Presence Data Header 2 0xXX Open Closed sensor status 0 Closed 1 Open ...

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