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Chapter 13 - Constellation diagram 101

10713 Vxx.11

13.2

Operation

As has already been mentioned, the constellation diagram can be displayed with all digital
standards (DVB-C, DVB-T, DVB-T2, DTMB and DOCSIS). The measuring receiver first has to be

tuned in a digital range. Subsequently the constellation diagram can be activated by selecting the
menu item

CONST

. At the same time a sub-menu is opened which makes it possible to call up

further functions.

Figure 13-1 Constellation diagram DVB-T2 zoom

By selecting the menu item

FREEZE

the diagram can be frozen. By selecting

ZOOM

another

menu appears in which each individual quadrant of the constellation diagram can be enlarged to
the full screen size. The screen layout in the

ZOOM

mode is a bit slower than in the full screen

mode due to the serial reading of the I/Q data. Thus, in case of DTMB there is no

ZOOM

mode

available.

13.3

Examples

The figures below show images of constellation diagrams. In addition possible errors and their

causes will be addressed.

Figure 13-2 Ideal constellation diagram

Содержание Varos 107

Страница 1: ...olume brightness contrast and color saturation 25 Menu structure 26 Chapter 5 5 1 Menu bar 26 5 2 Drop down menu 27 TV Measuring Range 28 Chapter 6 6 1 Switching between frequency and channel input 28 6 1 1 Channel input 28 6 1 2 Frequency input 28 6 2 Selecting of the operating mode 29 6 2 1 Analog ATV operating mode 29 6 2 1 1 Selecting the TV standard 29 6 2 1 2 Sound carrier 29 6 2 1 3 Scan 30...

Страница 2: ...2 4 4 Selection of PLPs Physical Layer Pipes 47 6 2 2 4 5 BER measurement Bit Error Rate 48 6 2 2 4 6 MER measurement Modulation Error Rate 48 6 2 2 4 7 Noise Margin NM 48 6 2 2 4 8 Impulse response 49 6 2 2 4 9 PE measurement Packet Error 50 6 2 2 4 10 Picture and sound check 50 6 2 2 4 11 Remote supply 50 6 2 2 4 12 Constellation diagram 50 6 2 2 4 13 6 2 2 5 DTMB 50 Scan 51 6 2 2 5 1 DTMB param...

Страница 3: ... 10 1 2 Configuration 70 10 1 2 1 Setting the modulation 70 10 1 2 2 Setting the number of upstream carriers 71 10 1 2 3 Entering the frequency 71 10 1 2 4 Entering the transmission level 71 10 1 2 5 Common transmission level 72 10 1 2 6 Entering the modulation mode 72 10 1 2 7 Setting the symbol rate 73 10 1 3 Saving Profile settings 73 10 1 4 Transmitting 73 10 2 Upstream Generator Version DOCSI...

Страница 4: ...ss measurement 94 11 8 Notes regarding compatibility 94 11 9 Further information 94 MPEG decoder 95 Chapter 12 12 1 Program Service Information PSI 95 12 2 Network Information Table NIT 96 12 3 Logical Channel Numbering LCN List 97 12 4 Picture and sound check 98 12 5 Display of MPEG video parameters 99 12 6 Video bit rate measurement 99 12 7 Dynamic program switching 99 Constellation diagram 100 ...

Страница 5: ...defined TV channel table 127 17 8 1 D Channels 127 17 9 Dynamic program switching 127 17 10 Hardcopy 128 17 11 Configuration of PING test in the DOCSIS analyzer 129 17 12 Deactivating the DOCSIS analyzer 129 17 13 Configuration of speed test in the DOCSIS analyzer 130 17 14 DOCSIS3 1 Setup the maximum Upstreamfrequency 131 17 15 DOCSIS3 1 Readout Modemsettings 131 17 16 Unlock software options 131...

Страница 6: ...rt of the real time spectrum 142 20 4 6 Report 142 20 4 7 Display headend settings 143 20 4 8 Quick Check 143 20 4 9 Headend Lock handheld device 143 DVI Output 144 Chapter 21 USB A Interface 146 Chapter 22 Common Interface 147 Chapter 23 23 1 Inserting a CA module 147 23 2 Operation 147 23 3 Card menu 148 Figure index 149 Chapter 24 ...

Страница 7: ...ff are applied to the measuring receiver s RF input since they may destroy the input circuits Do not cover the ventilation slots on the instrument Doing so can lead to reduced air circulation in the instrument causing heat to accumulate The electronic components can overheat as a result Important Depending on the operating mode and the ambient temperature overheating can occur when the instrument ...

Страница 8: ...ECT telephones and GSM mobile phones can cause malfunctions and incorrect measurements if they are operated in the immediate vicinity of the measuring receiver 1 3 Maintenance The instrument is maintenance free 1 4 Cleaning Clean the case and the TFT display with a soft lint free dust cloth Never use solvents such as diluents for cellulose lacquers acetone or similar since they may damage plastic ...

Страница 9: ... Illuminated silicone keypad Monitor 5 7 TFT VGA resolution 640 x 480 User Prompting via OSD On Screen Display german english Audio reproduction Integrated loudspeaker RF INPUT IEC socket 75 Ohm DIN 45 325 Return loss 12 dB 5 910 MHz RF sum power max 70 Veff DC 50 Hz External voltage max 500 mW INPUT ATTENUATOR 0 60 dB in 2 dB increments LEVEL RANGE Measuring ranges TV 20 120 dBµV FM 20 120 dBµV R...

Страница 10: ...Total range 20 MHz MAX hold function Switch directly between analyzer mode and receiver mode TV ANALOG Television standards B G D K L I M N Color standards PAL NTSC SECAM Sound demodulator Sound carrier 1 and 2 Decoding of MONO STEREO and dual sound broadcasts Sound carrier measurement Sound carrier 1 and 2 relative to the video carrier in dB Resolution 0 1 dB Measuring accuracy 1 5 dB NICAM DECOD...

Страница 11: ...ket Errors up to 4 10 9 counts packet errors from the beginning of the measurement Scan function J83B US DOCSIS QAM demodulator Per ITU T J83B Symbol rates 5 057 5 361 MSym s Modulation scheme 64 256 QAM De Interleaver depths I 8 J 16 16 8 32 4 64 2 128 1 Measuring parameters Per ETR 290 VBER after Viterbi 1 00 10 8 MER up to 40 dB Noise Margin NM up to 10 dB Resolution 0 1 dB Measuring accuracy 1...

Страница 12: ... CDMA Frequency 5 MHz 65 MHz Encryption BPI BPI Level Receive level minimum 50 dBµV Max transmission 114 dBµV Measuring accuracy 1 5 dB at 20 C 2 0 dB 0 C 40 C Continuous ranging synchronization with CMTS Continuous analysis of downstream upstream level Evaluation of the upstream equalizer parameters Downstream channel utilization IP synchronization Scalable PING test Time slice analysis Graphical...

Страница 13: ...I Level Receive level minimum 50 dBµV Max transmission 114 dBµV Measuring accuracy 1 5 dB at 20 C 2 0 dB 0 C 40 C Continuous ranging synchronization with CMTS Continuous analysis of downstream upstream level Evaluation of the upstream equalizer parameters only QAM Downstream channel utilization only QAM IP synchronization Scalable PING test Speedtest with FTP Server at CMTS Time slice analysis Gra...

Страница 14: ...the primary impulse 0 40 dB Delay relative to the primary impulse in µs or km Scan function DVB T2 COFDM demodulator Per ETS 302755 Bandwidth 6 7 8 MHz FFT 1k 2k 4k 8k 16k 32k Modulation scheme QPSK 16QAM 64QAM 256QAM Guard intervals 1 4 19 128 1 8 19 256 1 16 1 32 1 128 Pilot pattern PP1 PP8 Measuring parameters Per ETR 290 CBER before LDPC 1 00 10 6 VBER after LDPC 1 00 10 8 MER up to 35 dB Nois...

Страница 15: ... 32 dB Noise Margin NM up to 10 dB Resolution 0 1 dB Measuring accuracy 1 5 dB PE Packet Errors To 4 10 9 Counts packet errors from the beginning of the measurement Impulse response Attenuation relative to the primary impulse 0 40 dB Delay relative to the primary impulse in µs or km Scan function CONSTELLATION DIAGRAM I Q analysis of digitally modulated signals Sources DVB C J83B DVB T DVBT2 DTMB ...

Страница 16: ...T LCD display the video and audio signal can be transmitted digitally to a TV device with a DVI HDMI input Output impedance 100 Ohm Difference output level typ 1 Vpp USB A USB A socket for data logger and software update USB 2 0 TUNING MEMORY Memory locations 200 Memory protection function ELECTRO MAGNETIC INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENT EMI Evaluation of the 13 digit identifier for the KFG 242 frequency...

Страница 17: ...tinuous power Return loss 40 dB Equivalent input noise ON 8 pA Hz RF frequency range 5 2 150 MHz Input power nominal 7 3 dBm Measuring parameters Optical power 35 dBm 9 dBm Wavelength calibrated 1 310 nm 1 490 nm 1 550 nm Resolution 0 1 dB Measuring accuracy 0 35 dB Optical modulation index OMI individual OMI and total OMI Resolution 0 1 Measuring accuracy 10 of displayed value ...

Страница 18: ...olution 1 dB Measuring accuracy 1 dB Transmitting frequency 5 65 MHz Resolution 100 kHz MER 43 dB UPSTREAM SIGNAL GENERATOR DOCSIS 3 1 ANALYZER Generating test signals feed in the return path to assess the quality of the return channel performance Number of carriers 1 to 8 CW QAM modulated or 1 OFDM up to 96MHz bandwidth free scaleable Upstream modulator QAM Modulation scheme OFF CW QPSK 16QAM 64Q...

Страница 19: ...rating mode automatic cutout as protection against exhaustive discharge Charging time approx 4 hours or 6 hours Battery management Battery can be charged using 12 V external supply ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Operating temperature 0 C 45 C Storage temperature 10 C 55 C Battery charging temperature 15 C 35 C ELECTROMAGNET COMPATIBILITY See Declaration of Conformity PROTECTION See Declaration of Confor...

Страница 20: ...20 Chapter 3 Control and connection elements pin configurations 10713 Vxx 11 Control and connection elements pin configurations Chapter 3 3 1 Front panel Figure 3 1 Front panel ...

Страница 21: ...Chapter 3 Control and connection elements pin configurations 21 10713 Vxx 11 3 2 Rear panel Figure 3 2 Rear panel ...

Страница 22: ...Top section of instrument Figure 3 3 Top section of instrument 3 3 1 USB A socket Pin 1 VCC 5V Pin 2 Data D Pin 3 Data D Pin 4 GND 3 3 2 DVI output According to DDWG Digital Display Working Group DVI Digital Visual Interface Revision 1 0 Figure 3 5 DVI socket Figure 3 4 USB A socket ...

Страница 23: ...ection elements pin configurations 23 10713 Vxx 11 3 4 Bottom section of instrument Figure 3 6 Bottom section of instrument 3 4 1 12V power supply Extra low voltage jack according to DIN 45 323 Figure 3 7 Extra low voltage jack ...

Страница 24: ...pply when disassembling the instrument e g replacing batteries 4 2 Battery operation 4 2 1 Replacing the Li Ion battery The customer can replace the installed battery It is strongly recommended to only use original batteries from the manufacturer To replace the battery remove the three screws from the left side panel of the instrument and remove the side panel Unlock the battery plug using a screw...

Страница 25: ... is not possible to charge the battery when the temperature is below 0 C 4 3 Operation using an external power supply In addition to using the battery you can run the device on external direct current supplied by the mains adapter or the cigarette lighter adapter in a vehicle for example Direct current is fed via the extra low voltage jack on the bottom section of the instrument The external volta...

Страница 26: ...e menu using the menu items or Press BACK to go to the previous menu The menu items can be grouped into main and submenus Every measuring range has its own menu bar that is adapted to the respective operating mode To make operation easier the configuration of the range menu adjusts to the current operating status of the measuring receiver This means different menus are displayed when it is in the ...

Страница 27: ... or HOME key Selecting a menu point Select the desired menu item using the arrow keys or and press ENTER Back to previous menu level Press HOME key To change the page In an extended menu you can switch between sides with the arrow keys Figure 5 1 Default status with menu Figure 5 1 Default status with menu shows the instrument in default status of the DVB C range and the drop down menu for general...

Страница 28: ...nel Within the channel table there are common channels C channels and special channels S channels You can switch the instrument from C to S channel input by pressing the F1 key CHANNEL You can enter the desired channel number using the numeric keypad or the arrow keys Invalid entries are limited to the respective minimum or maximum value 6 1 2 Frequency input You can enter the frequency within a r...

Страница 29: ...dard is also incorporated in the tuning memory The default setting is B G The TV standard that is currently set is shown in the top line of the display The channel table is also changed when the instrument is switched to another TV standard 6 2 1 2 Sound carrier Audio signals are transmitted on modulated sound carriers Depending on the TV standard the two sound carriers have different frequency di...

Страница 30: ...check As soon as the measuring receiver is tuned the TFT screen shows the demodulated video image At the same time the internal loudspeakers of the instrument outputs the demodulated audio signal Picture and audio reproduction can be interrupted or restarted using OSD VID This is necessary for example for a hardcopy of the measured values 6 2 1 5 S N measurement Option Figure 6 3 S N measurement d...

Страница 31: ...he digitally modulated DVB C or DOCSIS signals and measure their signal quality 6 2 2 1 DVB C The DVB C receiver of the measuring instrument is activated via the menu item MODULATION DVB C Figure 6 4 DVB C mode You enter the modulation scheme for DVB C in another menu The selections 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM and 256QAM are also available QAM means Quadrature Amplitude Modulation That is the modulat...

Страница 32: ...enu You can now enter the new symbol rate in kBd using the numeric keypad or with the arrow keys Press ENTER to store this setting For reference 6 900 kBd 6 900 kSym s 6 9 MBd 6 9MSym s The symbol rate can be set in the range 500 kBd to 7 200 kBd Automatic symbol rate detection The measuring receiver uses the set symbol rate as the starting point for automatic detection As soon as you enter a new ...

Страница 33: ...scan is then started by first tuning the measuring receiver to a channel at which the scan should begin Press the key to start the scan in the positive direction Press the key to do the same in the negative direction When the band limit is reached the scan continues at the other end of the range You can end the scan at any time by pressing HOME SCAN is shown on the display while the scan takes pla...

Страница 34: ...sion methods The measuring range goes up to 40 dB with a resolution of 0 1 dB Noise Margin NM 6 2 2 1 6 In case of white noise a limit value of MER for the minimum signal quality QEF can be determined which depends on the modulation The difference of MER to this limit value corresponds to the system reserve NM noise margin Just as MER it is displayed in dB with a resolution of 0 1 dB For an easier...

Страница 35: ...QAM 256QAM Symbol rate 5 057 and 5 361 6 952 FEC J 83 B DVB C Channel bandwidth 6 MHz 8 MHz Transmission frequency range 50 862 MHz 112 862 MHz Differences in the upstream US DOCSIS EURO DOCSIS Transmission frequency range 0 42 MHz 5 65 MHz As you can see in the comparison you can use a DVB C receiver for the reception of a Euro DOCSIS downstream signal It is only necessary to set the symbol rate ...

Страница 36: ...settings EUDOC64 EUDOC256 USDOC64 or USDOC256 to receive the signal that is present DOCSIS parameters 6 2 2 2 1 As soon as the receiver has completed the synchronization process several parameters are shown on the display When LOCK appears it means that the digital receiver is receiving a valid data stream In contrast UNLK means that either the quality of the signal that is present is insufficient...

Страница 37: ...ver to a channel at which the scan should begin Press the key to start the scan in the positive direction Press the key to do the same in the negative direction When the band limit is reached the scan continues at the other end of the range You can end the scan at any time by pressing ENTER SCAN is shown on the display while the scan takes place BER measurement Bit Error Rate 6 2 2 2 3 The measure...

Страница 38: ...2 2 5 In case of white noise a limit value of MER for the minimum signal quality QEF can be determined which depends on the modulation The difference of MER to this limit value corresponds to the system reserve NM noise margin Just as MER it is displayed in dB with a resolution of 0 1 dB For an easier assessment of the signal quality the NM is shown in the colors red for bad yellow for limited and...

Страница 39: ...ed in particular for transmission channels with multipath reception Selection of the COFDM bandwidth channel bandwidth 6 2 2 3 1 The DVB T standard provides for transmission in 6 7 or 8 MHz channels Figure 6 11 DVB T selection bandwidth The bandwidth of the COFDM signal is set via BANDWIDTH AUTO 8MHz 7MHz or 6MHz In the AUTO setting which is also the default setting the measuring instrument uses t...

Страница 40: ...play while the scan takes place DVB T parameters 6 2 2 3 3 As soon as the receiver has completed the synchronization process several parameters are shown on the display When LOCK appears it means that the digital receiver is receiving a valid data stream In contrast UNLK means that either the quality of the signal that is present is insufficient or that the parameters of the receiver do not agree ...

Страница 41: ...ameters the Cell ID uniquely identifies the cell of the transmitter BER measurement Bit Error Rate 6 2 2 3 5 The measurement of the bit error rate aids in the determination of the quality of a DVB signal To determine the bit error rate the error correction mechanisms in the digital receiver are used The data stream is compared before and after correction and the number of corrected bits is determi...

Страница 42: ...s helpful to measure the impulse response for DVB T for setting up a receiving antenna especially in situations where reception is difficult and signals are received simultaneously from several stations in the SFN If a receiving antenna receives the DVB T signal from multiple directions with differing transit times and differing field strengths the individual signals superimpose upon each other to...

Страница 43: ...se You can define the unit of the x axis with µs or km Time and length are related via the speed of light c 3 108 m s You can end the display of the impulse response via the menu item BACK Figure 6 15 DVB T Impulse response Figure 6 15 shows an impulse response with a primary impulse left picture edge and several secondary impulses at a distance of approximately 23 km from the primary impulse You ...

Страница 44: ... the receiver hardware The measuring receiver has a function were corrupt transport stream packets can be summed from the point in time of entry of a new channel This function runs in the background constantly An additional window can be shown on the display using the menu item PE INFO The number of packet errors PE Packet Error and the amount of time that has passed since the last tuning process ...

Страница 45: ...M transmission parameters can be optimally adapted to the topographic conditions The main improvement compared to DVB T is a higher transmission capacity up to 30 at the same channel quality Selecting the COFDM bandwidth channel bandwidth 6 2 2 4 1 The DVB T2 standard provides for transmission in 1 7 5 6 7 or 8 MHz channels The bandwidths 1 7 MHz and 5 MHz are not supported by the instrument The b...

Страница 46: ...sitive direction Press the key to do the same in the negative direction When the band limit is reached the scan continues at the other end of the range You can end the scan at any time by pressing ENTER SCAN is shown on the display while the scan takes place DVB T2 parameters 6 2 2 4 3 As soon as the receiver has completed the synchronization process several parameters are shown on the display Whe...

Страница 47: ...R OFF Peak to Average Power Reduction OFF Crest factor reduction off LDPC Frame Normal length ROT OFF Constellation rotation off System SISO Single In Single Out A transmission antenna and a receiving antenna as opposed to MISO which has two transmission antennas and a receiving antenna PLPs Physical Layer Pipes more services in one channel maybe with different modulation PLP_ID Index of the chose...

Страница 48: ...the CBER is1 106 bits for the LBER it is 1 108 bits MER measurement Modulation Error Rate 6 2 2 4 7 In addition to measure the bit error rate it is established practice with digital transmission to also measure MER It is defined in ETR290 MER is calculated from the constellation points It is the counterpart to S N measurement with analogue transmission methods The measuring range goes up to 35 dB ...

Страница 49: ...e on the screen when the IMPULSERES menu item is selected A menu for additional settings will appear at the same time You can freeze the picture using FREEZE You can expand the impulse response in the horizontal direction using ZOOM You can define the unit of the x axis with µs or km Time and length are related via the speed of light c 3 108m s You can end the display of the impulse response via t...

Страница 50: ...ut socket for an active receiving antenna see also chapter 9 9 Remote supply Constellation diagram 6 2 2 4 13 As soon as the measurement receiver is adjusted the constellation diagram can be called up by choosing the menu item CONST Further information can be taken from Chapter 13 Constellation diagram 6 2 2 5 DTMB DTMB Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcasting is a Chinese standard for digital ...

Страница 51: ... whereas the receiver is set to multi carrier mode C3780 with MULTICAR Scan 6 2 2 5 1 You can use this function to scan the entire TV range for DTMB signals To do this you must switch the instrument to channel input mode In the digital operating mode the arrow keys have a dual function After entry of a new channel the menu item 2 FUNCTION is inverted That means that the MPEG decoder can be operate...

Страница 52: ...rameters are shown on the display When LOCK appears it means that the digital receiver is receiving a valid data stream In contrast UNLK means that either the quality of the signal that is present is insufficient or that the parameters of the receiver do not match or that no DTMB signal can be received at this frequency Figure 6 23 DTMB parameters Once the receiver is synchronized additional param...

Страница 53: ...The measuring range goes up to 32 dB with a resolution of 0 1 dB Noise Margin NM 6 2 2 5 5 In case of white noise a limit value of MER for the minimum signal quality QEF can be determined dependent on the modulation type the FEC and the other parameters The difference of MER to this limit value corresponds to the system reserve NM noise margin Just as MER it is displayed in dB with a resolution of...

Страница 54: ...mpulse may be taking taken from the readings in the header of the diagram PE measurement Packet Error 6 2 2 5 7 Short interruptions in the DTMB signal usually cannot be detected using MER and BER measurement They can make entire packets in the transport stream unusable for the MPEG decoder however This can cause the picture to freeze temporarily or the sound to crackle The measuring receiver has a...

Страница 55: ...is emitted from the loudspeaker Its frequency changes in proportion to the measured level When the level increases the frequency goes up and vice versa The sound signal can be switched on and off via the menu item ACOU LEVEL When the sound signal is switched on the menu item is displayed inverted 6 3 2 Level measurement with DVB C or DOCSIS With DVB C and DOCSIS the spectra of the signals have cha...

Страница 56: ... 1 Operation As soon as the instrument is adjusted it is possible to change to the diagram display by selecting the menu item DIAGRAM Thus the image display is stopped and the display of the program list is deleted The diagram display is terminated by calling up DIAGRAM again or by terminating the measurement by selecting HOME Figure 6 25 Diagram display ...

Страница 57: ...can set the parameters for the scan You can move the cursor to the individual entry fields using the keys You can specify the upper and lower limits for the scan entering the items Starting at and Stopping at The entire TV range can be used Using the F1 F4 soft keys you can select which signals to include in the scan To start the function move the cursor to START and then press the ENTER key In th...

Страница 58: ...following menu Figure 6 28 BlindScan export to XML file The CHA FILE menu item allows the list to be exported as a user defined channel list see Chapter 17 8 User defined TV channel table The instrument numbers the channels consecutively starting with C1 This can be easily adjusted using the AMA Remote PC software This channel table can then be re imported into the instrument This is particularly ...

Страница 59: ...ic keypad or the arrow keys Here the smallest frequency resolution is 0 01 MHz 10 kHz You use the ENTER key to confirm the entry After that the receiver is tuned and the actual measured values are displayed Invalid entries are limited to the corresponding minimum or maximum value 7 2 Sound reproduction The measuring instrument s VHF stereo receiver demodulates a received VHF signal and reproduces ...

Страница 60: ...itted with a maximum of 8 characters in groups 0A and 0B The program name e g Bayern 3 is shown in the top line of the display In addition to the program name the PI Program Identification code is shown in the top line of the display The PI code is used as unique identification of the radio programs 7 5 Scan You can use this function to scan the entire range 87 40 108 20 MHz for VHF broadcast sign...

Страница 61: ... level value is approx 3 Hz 7 6 1 Acoustic level trend When no line of sight to the measuring instrument exists while lining up an antenna an acoustic level trend signal can be switched on A sound signal is emitted from the loudspeaker Its frequency changes in proportion to the measured level When the level increases the frequency goes up and vice versa The sound signal can be switched on and off ...

Страница 62: ... or the arrow keys Here the smallest frequency resolution is 0 05 MHz 50 kHz You use the ENTER key to confirm the entry Invalid entries are limited to the corresponding minimum or maximum value 8 2 Level measurement As soon as the instrument is tuned to a frequency it begins to measure the level and displays the measured value in dBµV The measuring range is from 25 to 110 dBµV with a resolution of...

Страница 63: ...mit in certain short time slots Therefore the maximum level for a frequency may only be present for a short amount of time For this reason a max hold function can be switched on in the measuring instrument Here the maximum level is saved starting from the point in time of activation This indicator only changes when an even higher level exists temporarily This function can be switched on and off vi...

Страница 64: ...ries out a level correction in relation to the set channel bandwidth Figure 8 3 RC Setting channel bandwidth Using the menu item BANDWIDTH OFF you can switch off adjustment to the channel bandwidth Now the instrument measures with a measuring bandwidth of 1 MHz This setting should be implemented if a comb generator sinusoidal signal or a noise generator is used as the signal source This is also th...

Страница 65: ...smitted interference field strengths The principle of the procedure implemented in this measuring instrument for measuring electromagnetic interference is implemented by many major cable network operators and is fully compatible with their measuring procedures Basic information on measuring radiation and on the required measuring equipment can be found in application note AN002 Electro Magnetic In...

Страница 66: ... Press ENTER to complete the entry Figure 9 2 EMI user defined antenna The edited name of the user defined antenna is also applied for the corresponding menu item in the ANTENNA menu The correction factor that is entered governs the conversion of the level measured by the receiver in dBµV to the displayed field strength in dBµV m The following relationship applies E dBµV m L dBµV m Factor dB 9 4 E...

Страница 67: ...grammed in the frequency identification generator as text with up to 13 characters The measuring instrument demodulates the identifier and shows it in the top row on the display To demonstrate that the identifier is being received continuously the instrument clears the text and shows it again 9 7 Measuring the interference field strength Figure 9 3 EMI measure field strength When tuned to a freque...

Страница 68: ...rrently selected for modification 9 9 Remote supply The measuring receiver can provide a remote power supply for active receiving antennas via the RF input Antennas EMI 240 with the EMI 240 V pre amplifier and EMI 241 require a supply of 5 V The supply is short circuit proof and provides a maximum current of 100 mA A red LED in the keypad area at the device DC OUT indicates that the supply is on F...

Страница 69: ...ng level strength whereas a modulated signal can also be used to determine error rates i e MER and BER An adapted AMA310 UPM 3500 WA 71 type measuring receiver at the headend can therefore be used to tune to a carrier in the return channel measuring range Levels can be measured MER and BER can also be measured for modulated signals the constellation diagram can be checked monitoring can be started...

Страница 70: ...10 1 2 1 Setting the modulation Modulation is activated or deactivated by opening the SINUS QAM menu item On PRBS or Off Sinus is displayed on the screen under Modulation accordingly Figure 10 3 Upstream Generator configuration selection The menu item CW QAM is displayed inverted if modulation is activated The item 1 4 is only at configuration secetion available ...

Страница 71: ... pressing the arrow key The cursor can be moved to the left and right using the keys Use the ENTER key to confirm the entry If the value entered is beyond the valid range it is limited to the corresponding minimum and or maximum value 10 1 2 4 Entering the transmission level After selecting the LEVEL menu item use the numeric keypad or the arrow keys to set a level between 70 and 112 dBµV The lowe...

Страница 72: ...show the same value Now the common level for the 4 carriers could be changed in the same way as shown in the chapter 10 1 2 4 above Figure 10 5 Upstream Generator change common transmission level 10 1 2 6 Entering the modulation mode If modulation is activated i e when a PRBS signal is to be sent you can select the modulation mode via the MODULATION menu item The selections QPSK 16QAM 64QAM and 25...

Страница 73: ...profile using the SAVE menu item 10 1 4 Transmitting The message Booting appears on the screen while the corresponding module is booting When this process is completed Ready appears on the screen and the carrier s can be activated via the TRANSMIT menu item The status then changes to Transmitting Important Before transmitting in the return range ensure that if a DOCSIS system is active like modems...

Страница 74: ...pter 10 1 1 Starting and Profile Support Two different Profiles are supported 10 2 2 Configuration With the F Key CONFIG the settings can be entered Figure 10 8 Upstream Generator 3 1 overview 10 2 2 1 Setting the modulation Modulation is activated or deactivated by opening the SINUS QAM menu item On PRBS or Off Sinus is displayed on the screen under Modulation accordingly Figure 10 9 Upstream Gen...

Страница 75: ... keypad or the arrow keys to set a level between 70 and 112 dBµV The lowest level resolution is 1dB The decimal place of the current cursor position can be changed from 0 9 by pressing the arrow key The cursor can be moved to the left and right using the keys Use the ENTER key to confirm the entry If the value entered is beyond the valid range it is limited to the corresponding minimum and or maxi...

Страница 76: ...you where the problem is The settings must be fixed before a transmission can be started It is not possible to send QAM and OFDM modulated carriers at the same time Attention Before you initiate a transmission in the upstream frequency range you have to check if no active DOCSIS system can be interrupted Select only frequency ranges which are not used from an acitve DOCSIS system Be carefully in a...

Страница 77: ...ton opens the stored telemetry channel and the video display is shown as a superimposed image in addition to the interface of the upstream generator You can use the OSD menu item to switch between the superimposed video display and the basic video display The OSD VID button will take you back to the initial state of the upstream generator interface Figure 10 12 Upstream Generator with overlayed te...

Страница 78: ...d DS are transmitted in the same cable but in different frequency ranges Figure 11 2 Head end Modem With DOCSIS there are two different specifications Euro DOCSIS and US DOCSIS You can measure both standards with the measuring instrument The differences are in the DS error protection and the DS channel bandwidths and in the channel spacing and DS and US frequency range see chapter 6 2 2 DIGITAL DV...

Страница 79: ...see chapter 6 2 2 DIGITAL DVB C DOCSIS operating mode You can also assess the downstream via the spectrum analyzer see also Chapter 15 Spectrum analyzer 11 4 DOCSIS analysis and measurement of the DOCSIS upstream To obtain information about the upstream the measuring instrument must first be receiving a valid downstream channel The DOCSIS analyzer receives information about the upstream and the co...

Страница 80: ... is insufficient or that the parameters of the receiver do not agree or that no DOCSIS signal can be received at this frequency Once the receiver synchronized the DOCSIS analyzer queries whether valid DOCSIS packets are being received Is this the case the indicator on the graphic display under the Downstream item changes from Scan running to Valid 11 4 2 DOCSIS US parameters After a valid DS is de...

Страница 81: ...CSIS1 1 DOCSIS2 0 Display of the encryption system used e g BPI Stack State of synchronization to CMTS Number of bundled DS channels Number of bundled US channels The uppermost line provides information about the DOCSIS system currently being measured Here you can see if the system is a pure 1 1 2 0 or 3 0 system or if mixed mode using different systems has been activated to enable modems to commu...

Страница 82: ... MHz Up to 4 bundled upstream channels are supported The top figure shows the graphic screen of the DOCSIS 3 0 analyzer following successful ranging in a DOCSIS 3 0 system Depending on the cable network operator the US or DS frequency could automatically change during measurement This is because in systems with several upstream and downstream frequencies CMTS can force the modem onto other frequen...

Страница 83: ... many DOCSIS modems communicate with the CMTS on the same upstream frequency the modems must therefore share an upstream channel The access method to achieve this can be read on screen For DOCSIS1 1 only TDMA time division multiple access is offered as an access method The modems share the upstream bandwidth such that each modem only transmits in specially reserved time slots A TDMA advanced TDMA ...

Страница 84: ...igure 11 8 DOCSIS Upstream Details Use the keys to select the relevant upstream channel in the graphic Press MODE and ENTER to leave the ADVANCED menu 11 4 3 4 Upstream frequency response analysis As soon as ranging is complete you can select the FRQRESP menu item by pressing MODE and ENTER The various DOCSIS specifications provide an equalizer for the upstream sender of the modem This equalizer f...

Страница 85: ...an uplink test data is loaded onto a FTP server connected to the head end For a downlink test a file with a known file path and size is downloaded from this server The time required for uploading or downloading is measured In combination with the known file sizes this time is used to determine the achieved data rate For detailed information on the speed test please refer to application note AN004 ...

Страница 86: ...ta for multiple HFC clusters or head ends If the submenu is activated for one direction of the throughput test the corresponding test will start as soon as possible During this process the top line of the display will indicate the current status of the test The status will go through the phases started initialized running and finished If the test cannot be completed properly the status will be abo...

Страница 87: ...he speed test is completed or cancelled the DOCSIS analyzer returns to the continuous update of all upstream and downstream measurement parameters 11 4 5 PING test with the DOCSIS 3 0 analyzer The PING test is a diagnostic tool that is well known from the PC world It can be used to assess the quality of an IP connection In this test certain IP packets are sent to a host and the host must respond t...

Страница 88: ...ange the bandwidth of one OFDM channel is up to 192MHz wide In the upstream frequency range up to 96MHz The OFDM technic allows a much more robust and efficient usage of the limited channelbandwidths For DOCSIS 3 1 the measurement receiver can work in two different frequency ranges 5 85 MHz for upstream 111 1218 MHz for downstream 5 204 MHz for upstream 258 1218 MHz for downstream How to adjust th...

Страница 89: ...tivate OFDM standard With ENTER the boot and lock process can be started The progress of the bootprocess ca 30 seconds is shown in a graphic with the percentage value Depending of the modulation standard signal level signal qualitiy MER and the lock status are also shown If the bootprocess is finished the Mainscreen of the DOCSIS 3 1 Analyzer is shown with two diagrams for Up and Downstream OFDM I...

Страница 90: ...of bonded upstream channels frequency at which the analyzer is locked level status above minimum necessary level L is ok lock status of the analyzer The System line shows the actual used DOCSIS System 3 0 or 3 1 The line with Stack Status shows the actual ranging status of the modem The graphical overview offers a system overview about the up and downstream setups In Downstream section shows the a...

Страница 91: ... over the complete bandwidth MER from the PLC and as average over the complete OFDM channel frequency range of PLC the PLC is a 6MHz wide channel inside the OFDM cahnnel and contains the demodulation informations Package Errors amout of the not correctable packtes inside the datastream Parameters of a ScQAM carrier are the same as used in DOCSIS 3 0 Analyzer refer Chapter 11 4 3 1 Downstream analy...

Страница 92: ...diagram function you can show the level trend inside the selected OFDM channel That diagram can be reached with the F Key PEG f Figure 11 17 OFDM level diagram 11 5 3 3 OFDM MER diagram With the MER diagram function you can show the MER trand inside the selected OFDM channel That diagram can be reached with the F Key MER f ...

Страница 93: ...keys the desired channel can be selected The selected channel is indicated with a red bar The information contains only to the selected channel Each upstream channel in the system contains an individual Identification number Id which is shown behind the frequency middle frequency As shown in figure Figure 11 7 DOCSIS upstream analysis an OFDM carrier can overlap with QAM carrier The CMTS can be co...

Страница 94: ...er with return channel capable systems is ingress interference level through external stray pick up in the coaxial cable The measuring receiver can assess ingress with the aid of the spectrum analyzer see also chapter 15 13 Ingress measurement in the return path and Chapter 8 RC Return Channel Measuring Range 11 8 Notes regarding compatibility Basically up to DOCSIS 3 0 the different DOCSIS standa...

Страница 95: ... can be transmitted in the transport stream provide information about the programs being broadcast or about data services The receiver must first analyses the PSI tables in order to provide the user with an overview in the form of program lists This process can last a few seconds depending on the number of programs and can be viewed in the MPEG area of the display Figure 12 1 DVB C PSI information...

Страница 96: ...which the receiver is currently tuned is marked with in the NIT You can now select a different entry using the key By pressing the ENTER key you get a menu displaying more details about the chosen channel including the Transport Stream ID the Original Network ID and the NIT Version Figure 12 3 NIT Details at DVB_T Channel The receiver can be tuned to the new transponder or channel by pressing the ...

Страница 97: ...ul in places such as hotels or hospitals in order to ensure that the memory locations are identical for all receivers To evaluate the LCN the device has to be locked on a digital service By selecting MODE LCN the evaluation of LCN starts If no NIT was evaluated before it starts with evaluation of the NIT first and then shows the sorted LCN List Figure 12 4 LCN LIST Per page 8 entries are displayed...

Страница 98: ...ort Stream ID Original Network ID and the PIDs packet identifiers for the elementary text streams involved Many programs are broadcast with multiple audio streams e g several languages The desired audio channel can be selected in the program details menu Start the program by pressing ENTER or OSD VID again The video program is now being shown on the screen The measurement parameters are still disp...

Страница 99: ...ntent at specific times This means that for example 4 programs may appear in the MPEG program list which has the same content at certain times and different content at other times The program map table PMT in the data stream therefore changes over time In this way the station can prompt the receiver to use different packet identities PIDs In the standard setting the MPEG decoder of the instrument ...

Страница 100: ...al states the tips of the sum vectors result in an image of the deviation from the ideal state The worse the signal quality the larger is the distribution in the two dimensional state space The form of the constellation diagram makes it possible to draw conclusions as to the type of signal disturbance as will be explained later by means of examples The middle between two ideal states is called the...

Страница 101: ...all up further functions Figure 13 1 Constellation diagram DVB T2 zoom By selecting the menu item FREEZE the diagram can be frozen By selecting ZOOM another menu appears in which each individual quadrant of the constellation diagram can be enlarged to the full screen size The screen layout in the ZOOM mode is a bit slower than in the full screen mode due to the serial reading of the I Q data Thus ...

Страница 102: ...diagram with phase jitter Error phase jitter The carrier is subjected to a low frequency frequency modulation Cause Defect or not correctly adjusted QAM modulator Figure 13 4 Constellation diagram with noisy signal Error noisy signal Cause bad C N the level is possibly too low ...

Страница 103: ...Chapter 13 Constellation diagram 103 10713 Vxx 11 Figure 13 5 Real constellation diagram DVB T2 Figure 13 6 DTMB constellation diagram ...

Страница 104: ...her memory location between 0 199 can naturally be selected using the keypad The content of the memory location is displayed after each the memory number Press SAVE or ENTER to save The instrument issues a warning if the desired memory location is already occupied If you want to overwrite the memory location press ENTER or SAVE again 14 2 Recalling Press RECALL to open the RECALL menu The instrume...

Страница 105: ...scan the entire tuning memory according to different criteria According to A D mode The memory is sorted according to analogue and digital memory locations This can be accessed via MODE Memory Sorting memory according A D mode According to frequency The memory is sorted here according to ascending frequency You can access this function by pressing MODE Memory Sorting memory according frequency Acc...

Страница 106: ...ed is identical to the MEM file name If a file with the same name already exists you will receive a warning A different name can be entered by pressing HOME or by pressing ENTER to overwrite the existing file The next section explains how to import the tuning memory 14 3 7 Importing the memory This function can be used to import a tuning memory saved on a USB data carrier in MEM file format into t...

Страница 107: ...uency The blue region at the top of the screen contents date and time the frequency and level of the actual cursor position and the remaining battery capacity Pressing one of the five function Keys F1 F5 shows the menu item bar for some seconds 15 1 Accessing the analyzer Press the ANALYZ key in the currently active measuring range TV FM to access the analyzer The status of the measuring receiver ...

Страница 108: ... instrument makes several measuring bandwidths available These are coupled with the SPAN setting The current setting is shown in the analyzer image 15 4 Cursor Der The cursor appears on the screen as a vertical white line with a tip You can move the cursor within the frequency segment with the keys The current cursor frequency is shown in the upper center of the screen TV range in the channel inpu...

Страница 109: ...tween modes via the menu items CHANNEL and FREQUENCY 15 7 Level display During each search the level of the cursor frequency is measured and displayed in the upper right edge of the screen in dBµV Level measurement in analyzer mode is comparable to a pure spectrum analyzer The power within the measuring bandwidth RBW is measured and converted into level in dBµV On the other hand the level measurem...

Страница 110: ...xpansion on the level diagram in the TV range with the following additions You can select as many individual channels from the full channel table as you wish to include in the tilt measurement The fewer active channels the higher is the repetition rate of the diagram The specific combination of channels can be saved in a profile The measuring instrument can manage two independent profile settings ...

Страница 111: ...d to the cursor are displayed to the left or right in the 2nd line according to the cursor position The level differential between the two cursor positions is also displayed in the 1st line to the right 2 1 stands for the difference between the right 2nd and left 1st cursor No level reduction is taken into account in the level displays This means that these are the absolute levels The level differ...

Страница 112: ... the arrow keys Confirm every entry using the ENTER key The cursor then jumps to the next field and the value entered is permanently saved Exit this menu by selecting HOME 15 10 2 Selecting a profile The measuring instrument can manage two different profiles per FULLSPAN and FULL EXT mode for the tilt measurement The profiles save the channels which are to be used for the measurement The profiles ...

Страница 113: ...ears in the diagram instead of the level line When you activate a channel the small light blue X will disappear and the corresponding level line will only be updated when the analyzer is next run Activate all channels The menu item ACT ALL includes all channels in the measurement All light blue Xs in the diagram disappear However the level lines won t be shown before the next analyzer run has been...

Страница 114: ...cluding fewer channels increases the repetition rate Move the two cursors to the uppermost and the lowermost channels Then check the level lines of the channels in between using the reference line 15 11 Switching to measuring receiver mode In most modes you can switch directly from the analyzer to measuring receiver mode while in all measuring ranges The instrument uses the current cursor frequenc...

Страница 115: ...ed inverted The spectrum is only updated when the level increases Since with an active return path the spectrum changes depending on the activity of the connected cable modem a reasonable representation of the spectrum is only possible with this function Figure 15 7 Spectrum analyzer Max Hold function This function can also be called upon in different analyzer ranges ...

Страница 116: ...e consequence is that the required data rates in interactive cable networks can no longer be maintained It is therefore crucial to keep ingress as low as possible To support ingress measurement the instrument provides a special function Figure 15 8 Spectrum analyzer Ingress measurement The frequency range from 5 to 65 MHz is divided into 4 ranges Within these ranges the maximum level and the frequ...

Страница 117: ...ith APC angled physical contact have an interface with an angle of 8 PC connectors have blue markings whereas APC connections have green ones Fiber optic plug connections are available in various forms such as FC threaded connection SC plug connection and E2000 and LC both with snap plug connection An SC APC plug connection is built into the measuring instrument The measuring instrument is equippe...

Страница 118: ...er and the receiver to determine the signal quality 16 2 Activating the optical input You can activate the instruments optical input using RANGE FIBRE IN Figure 16 1 Optical input If the instrument s optical input is activated FIB XXXXnm will appear in the display XXXXnm stands for the wavelength set e g 1 310 nm Now you can set a specific measuring range e g TV The spectrum analyzer also uses the...

Страница 119: ...he OMI One option is selectively measuring the OMI for a specific This measurement only takes the RF power within the channel bandwidth into account The total OMI measurement or OMI sum takes the entire RF power after the optical receiver into account For this purpose the instrument measures the average RF power after the optical receiver in the range from 5 to 2 150 MHz Signals outside of this fr...

Страница 120: ...with the same optical power the RF voltage after the optical receiver increases by 6dB This means that the OMI and RF voltage are linearly proportional to one another 16 6 Cleaning the fiber optic plug connection The weak point of every optical transmission system lies in the splice and plug connections For plug connections it is important to ensure that the contact surfaces are very clean But the...

Страница 121: ...lude dust particles hand lotion skin and alcohol residues Figure 16 4 typical contamination on the optical fibers Contamination on the optical fibers can cause the following problems the signal path can be disrupted in the core region good physical contact can be prevented in the plug connector cause scratches and associated damage The following figure shows a typical example of a poor physical co...

Страница 122: ...with Lightel DI 1000 USB microscope with an optical magnification of 200 The core of the optical fiber is visible in the center Figure 16 6 Microscope zooming Typical requirements for single mode fibers Zone name diameter Scratches Damage A Core 0 9 µm 0 25 µm Non permitted Non permitted B Cladding 25 120 µm No limits all 2 µm 5 in 2 5 µm range None 5 µm C Adhesive 120 130 µm No limits No limits D...

Страница 123: ... White Balance WHITE 100 WHITE 100 Gain GAIN GAIN The microscope s default settings can be loaded by pressing the DEFAULT button located near the F buttons As the manufacturer s settings are not always ideal you can permanently save the currently set values in the measuring instrument by selecting the SAVE button You can load these values again any time by selecting the RECALL button The USB micro...

Страница 124: ...Screenshot saving The screen message changes to Screenshot saved as soon as the image is saved The message No buffer free appears if no more space is free in the buffer All storage locations must first be saved to a USB stick See the following point Saving buffer images to a USB stick Switch to the TV range by pressing the HOME or RANGE button Unplug the USB microscope and connect a USB memory sti...

Страница 125: ...turer and copy it from a computer onto the included USB stick Important It is highly recommended to plug the instrument to mains before updating the firmware Do not switch off the instrument while update is in progress Next insert the USB stick into the instrument and select MODE Settings Software Update A selection appears containing all saved bin files Select the desired file using the arrow key...

Страница 126: ...strument It can also be requested on the device using MODE Settings Serial number 17 6 MAC address A MAC address Media Access Control Address is the physical address that each individual network adapter has for unique identification of the device in a computer network Every instrument is given a MAC address that is unique worldwide This can be viewed using MODE Settings MACADR 17 7 Factory setting...

Страница 127: ...from which the most recently loaded channel table originates The loaded channel table is switched on off by pressing MODE Settings User Channellist activate This option is not available if a channel table has not been loaded If the user defined table is enabled the suffix USER is shown below in the menu bar in the menu item CHANNEL The table is now used for all functions based on a channel table T...

Страница 128: ...e by pressing the HOME or RANGE button Connect the USB memory stick Press MODE Select Export Screenshots USB Depending on the number of occupied storage locations corresponding files are generated with the file name MICROSCOPE_xx BMP for microscope images or HARDCOPY_xx BMP for all other screen copies xx represents a consecutive number Files already saved on the USB memory stick are not overwritte...

Страница 129: ...n volatile and is saved even when the instrument is switched off 17 12 Deactivating the DOCSIS analyzer The DOCSIS analyzer can be deactivated manually This can be useful in many cases If no return path capable components are integrated in a system but the DOCSIS downstream channel is still to be measured this will prevent the measuring instrument on the upstream from trying to send As this occurs...

Страница 130: ...acters The individual keys include both their numerical value and a label of the letters they can be used to enter By pressing a key multiple times you can switch between the individual letters uppercase and lowercase and the numerical value You can enter a space with the 0 key and the 1 key can be used for various special characters Enter the IP address in the usual format the username and passwo...

Страница 131: ... current used frequency is shown inverted 17 15 DOCSIS3 1 Readout Modemsettings The measurement receiver has a integrated DOCSIS 3 1 modem with it s own firmware For future usage it could be possible to read out different informations With MODE Settings DOCSIS analyzer read modem infos you can call the info screen It needs some time 45 seconds until all information are available With ENTER or HOME...

Страница 132: ... 17 Management of the instrument 10713 Vxx 11 Figure 17 6 Activating software options If the code is entered correctly the following message appears Option activated Now the corresponding option is enabled for use ...

Страница 133: ...g A different name can be entered by pressing HOME or by pressing ENTER to overwrite the existing file After this enter the individual measurement parameters The instrument now refers to the tuning memory whereby only the first and last memory locations must be entered for the measurements Any blank storage positions are skipped After this the instrument automatically accesses the tuning memory lo...

Страница 134: ...measurements in MSExcel Figure 18 2 Evaluating DataLogger results in Excel 18 3 Deleting a series of measurements from the instrument If a USB stick has been inserted into the instrument choose MODE DataLogger Directory to access a list of files already saved on the stick The free memory capacity of the USB stick can also be read in percent For example the file shown above needs 18 kByte on the US...

Страница 135: ... Level RC Level If the optical input is activated the optical power trend is recorded instead of the level Note on recording the duty factor Before recording starts the menu item DUTYFACTOR can be used to select recording with or without duty factor If this item is active the diagram with the bit error rate is omitted For all measurement parameters apart from packet error PE the value saved is the...

Страница 136: ...nfiguration of measurement time This is where you specify the recording time period You can use the Up Down keys to select the desired entry field and open the input mask by pressing ENTER You can set the recording period to a value between 00h 01min and 23h 59min by using the numeric keypad or the arrow keys This means that recording can take place over a whole day The factory setting is 01h 00mi...

Страница 137: ...re the specified time period has elapsed This only stops the recording Data that was recorded up until this point remains saved on the graphics screen If the instrument reaches the end of the recording process normally i e without being interrupted a beep sounds and the screen like in the next message Figure 19 3 Datagrabber recording finished The RESTART menu item allows you to initiate a new rec...

Страница 138: ...Grabber recording packed errors The level MER BER and packet errors relative are recorded for the DVB C mode The start time and time at which recording ended normally appear in the lower left and lower right of the display respectively The cursor time is marked with a The measured value at the cursor position is displayed above each diagram In the above example 46 packet errors occurred at 09 38 5...

Страница 139: ...ther information may be taken from the Application Note AN006 Upstream Monitoring System UMS on www kws electronic de under SUPPORT Application Notes 20 2 Unlock of the software option If the handheld has been retrofitted with the software option UMS and has not yet been unlocked in the factory the device can be unlocked with the 8 digit code provided as an option First change to the TV range RANG...

Страница 140: ...d after UMS is called up again 20 4 Measurement options The following sections give just a rough description of the operation and the call up of measurement options of the two Upstream Measurement Systems UMS and X16 Depending on the measurement system not all measurement options are available The exact description of the individual measurement ranges can be taken from the Application Note AN006 U...

Страница 141: ...be measured in the headend as to Modulation Error Rate MER and Bit Error Rate BER The measurement results will be shown in real time on the display Selection with the function key MER BER from the UMS main menu The MER BER measurement can be left again by pressing the function key BACK You can choose between four measurements in set frequency ranges which are marked as MEASURE1 MEASURE2 MEASURE3 a...

Страница 142: ...n key Figure 20 3 UMS waterfall chart The frequency axis is shown in Y direction the temporal course in X direction Every vertical line represents a complete snapshot of the real time spectrum measured by the headend The height of the individual levels in the spectrum is coded by colors in this chart i e the lower the level the more bluish is it shown in this diagram and the higher this level the ...

Страница 143: ...ORT Application Notes 20 4 8 Quick Check This measuring mode gives a quick overview of the return channel quality This mode is only supported by headends with MER BER measuring functionality Selection with the function key QUICKCHECK of the UMS main menu All four MER BER measuring channels will be transmitted in sequential order and the measuring results obtained will be shown on the display The d...

Страница 144: ...efore the instrument is switched over When the instrument is switched off and restarted the picture is shown again on the internal display Figure 21 1 DVI output selection menu DVI stands for Digital Visual Interface HDMI means High Definition Multimedia Interface Physically the interface is designed as a DVI I socket However the protocol is HDMI compliant This means that both video and audio data...

Страница 145: ...the decoder with full resolution in the formats 1280x720p50Hz 1920x1080p50Hz 3840x2160p25Hz and 3840x2160p30Hz via MODE Video output DVI internal Figure 21 2 Video resolution at HDTV via DVI menu In this case the live picture on the internal display has to be stopped There is an according note on the OSD about the video output to DVI Figure 21 3 Note during HDTV via DVI Via MODE Video output DVI i...

Страница 146: ... 2 0 specification in high speed mode The measuring instrument only supports the MASS STORAGE DEVICE class USB stick and some USB Microscopes The measuring receiver software can read files from and write files to a USB stick using the FAT32 file system A USB stick is used to carry out firmware updates or to record measurement data DataLogger We recommend using the original USB stick from the instr...

Страница 147: ... the module into the port at the top section of the instrument When inserting the module ensure that the polarity is correct and that the barcode is pointing to the rear Do not force the module into the slot if there is significant resistance Figure 23 1 Inserting a CA module 23 2 Operation The inserted module is initialized when the instrument is cold started Use the Common Interface menu to quer...

Страница 148: ...each module For example smartcard information software version software update PIN code entry for youth protection and so on The menu is laid out just like the other menus on the instrument The text and menu items come from the CAM itself however The language is also defined by the module The picture below shows the card menu of an AlphaCrypt CAM Figure 23 2 Card menu ...

Страница 149: ... T2 parameters 46 Figure 6 19 DVB T2 parameters info 47 Figure 6 20 DVB T2 Impulse response 49 Figure 6 21 Modulation selection DTMB 51 Figure 6 22 DTMB selecting carrier mode 51 Figure 6 23 DTMB parameters 52 Figure 6 24 DTMB Impulse response 54 Figure 6 25 Diagram display 56 Figure 6 26 BlindScan start menu 57 Figure 6 27 BlindScan Channeltable 58 Figure 6 28 BlindScan export to XML file 58 Figu...

Страница 150: ...3 2 Ideal constellation diagram 101 Figure 13 3 Constellation diagram with phase jitter 102 Figure 13 4 Constellation diagram with noisy signal 102 Figure 13 5 Real constellation diagram DVB T2 103 Figure 13 6 DTMB constellation diagram 103 Figure 14 1 Memory management 104 Figure 14 2 Memory management menu options 106 Figure 15 1 Spectrum analyzer 107 Figure 15 2 Spectrum analyzer selection of b...

Страница 151: ...real time spectrum 140 Figure 20 2 UMS frequency response measurement 141 Figure 20 3 UMS waterfall chart 142 Figure 21 1 DVI output selection menu 144 Figure 21 2 Video resolution at HDTV via DVI menu 145 Figure 21 3 Note during HDTV via DVI 145 Figure 23 1 Inserting a CA module 147 Figure 23 2 Card menu 148 ...

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