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T h e R e t i n a R e f l e x G u i d e

These web-pages have been scanned and converted from a photocopy
of the "Focal Press" publication "Retina Reflex Guide", 1970 edition.
There may be reference to "current" and "discontinued" models.
Obviously all Retina cameras are now long discontinued, but For ease of
editing if nothing else, all the original text has been retained.

The original book was divided into two sections, effectively an overview
and a "green pages" section covering specific models in more detail.
I've not bothered with a green background to these pages, but
hopefully I will have included links where appropriate to the relevant
text. Similarly, page-number references; as I've included each sub-
section of the book on one web-page, original page number references
have been linked to the new layout.

Table of Contents

The Retina Reflex
The Winding and Release Sequence
Retina Reflex Evolution
Handling the Retina Reflex
Handling, Winding and Trimming the Film
Films and Filters
Exposure
Using an Exposure Meter
Flash with the Retina Reflex
Using Alternative Lenses
The Retina Reflex IV
The Retina Reflex III
The Retina Reflex and Retina Reflex S
The Retina Reflex
Retina Reflex Lenses
Accessories
Facts, Figures and Tables

The Retina Reflex

The Retina Reflex is an eye-level 35 mm. reflex camera with interchangeable lenses for all general photography
as well as technical work, copying, photomicrography, stereo photography, etc. In many of these fields the
ground-glass screen is a distinct advantage. The camera takes normal 35 mm. perforated film and produces a
negative size 24x36 mm.(1 x 1½ in.).

The viewing system consists of a 45-degree mirror which throws the image formed by the lens on to a ground
glass screen on top of the camera. A pentaprism permits observation of this image -- which appears upright and
the right way round -- at eye-level.

The centre of the focusing screen is taken up by a pair of crossed wedges which are set in the screen and act as
a split image rangefinder.

For the exposure the mirror swings out of the way together with a light-tight capping plate in front of the film
aperture, thus leaving the way free for the lens to form its image on the film. This image exactly corresponds in
sharpness and field to the screen image which is absolutely free from parallax irrespective of the lens used.

In order to permit observation of the image, the shutter is open while the mirror is in the viewing position. On
pressing the release the shutter closes while the mirror and capping plate fold away, and then opens and closes
again to take the picture.

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Содержание Retina Reflex

Страница 1: ...S The Retina Reflex Retina Reflex Lenses Accessories Facts Figures and Tables The Retina Reflex The Retina Reflex is an eye level 35 mm reflex camera with interchangeable lenses for all general photography as well as technical work copying photomicrography stereo photography etc In many of these fields the ground glass screen is a distinct advantage The camera takes normal 35 mm perforated film an...

Страница 2: ...ric exposure meter is built into the body at the right hand transport end of the camera A diffusing disc is available to fit over the cell for incident light readings The camera back is hinged at one end a special safety device prevents accidental opening The pressure plate does not press the film directly against the track but leaves a very thin channel for the film The Retina Reflex will accept ...

Страница 3: ... g III Standard and S etc The sign refers to lens details in the green section and to accessories The appropriate pages are marked accordingly in the bottom left or right hand corner Holding It is obvious that the camera should be held as steady as possible as the slightest shake even if not seen in the negative will become visible in an enlargement Always stand with your legs apart FOR HORIZONTAL...

Страница 4: ...he release key The second and third fingers of the left hand can be used to turn the focusing ring For upright shots turn the camera through 90 so that it is supported from below with the left hand The hol for the Retina Reflex S and earlier models is slightly different since the release button is on top of the body Below With the Retina Reflex models it is specially important to keep the camera r...

Страница 5: ...s required to obtain the best definition quickly when using the ground glass method The best way to arrive at critical definition is to turn the focusing ring of the lens mount slowly to and fro while observing on the ground glass the subject to be focused As you turn the focusing mount the image becomes more and more sharp up to a certain point beyond which it will again lose definition At this b...

Страница 6: ... p 40 or faster speed to arrest movement p 38 4 Focus and determine picture area to obtain a sharp picture and the view you want 5 Release the shutter gently LOADING AND UNLOADING The Retina Reflex uses standard perforated cine film 35 mm wide as used in the majority of other 35 mm miniature cameras It is available in various packings see also p 18 the most convenient being standard daylight casse...

Страница 7: ... its second stop Top right Insert the cassette with film into the empty chamber Centre left Push back the rewind knob into its normal position Centre Thread the film into the slit of the take up spool Centre right Close the camera back Bottom left Set the film counter according to the number of frames of film in use Bottom right Set the film speed on the exposure meter Unloading After all exposure...

Страница 8: ...heck the number of exposed frames on the film counter 2 Rewind the film but stop immediately you feel a slight resistance This resistance comes from pulling the film end from the take up spool If the film is to be reloaded again you must not pull the whole film into the cassette otherwise the film end would have to be extracted by opening the cassette in the darkroom for subsequent re insertion in...

Страница 9: ...ng into cassettes This is a much cheaper way of using film as you do not have to buy a new cassette every time with the film The following packings are available DARKROOM REFILLS are lengths cut and trimmed for 36 exposures and have to be loaded into a cassette in total darkness e g in a darkroom a really well darkened room at night or a light tight changing bag DAYLIGHT REFILLS are cut and trimme...

Страница 10: ...n the film and don t squeeze the film ends when drawing through the hand Failure to take the first precaution may result in fogging while neglect of the latter precaution may give rise to peculiar kinds of exposure effects known as lightning flashes These are due to electrical discharges and appear as dark zigzag lines running from the edge of the film towards the centre of the picture LENGTH OF F...

Страница 11: ...oor light Such films are rated at 40 80 ASA or l7 20 DIN MEDIUM SPEED FILMS still yield a reasonably fine grain with good gradation They are the most suitable material for all round photography other than in poor light These films are rated at 100 l60 ASA or 21 24 DIN FAST FILMS with somewhat coarser grain still acceptable for reasonable degrees of enlargement will cope with most light conditions ...

Страница 12: ...ubject From the practical point of view colour film is as easy to use as black and white film needs a little more care in exposure Processing is more complex and is often carried out by the film maker or specially appointed processing laboratories There are two basic types of colour film reversal and negative Colour Reversal Film This produces a colour transparency on the actual film exposed in th...

Страница 13: ...n with colour negative films These mainly serve to simplify the subsequent correction needed in printing Colour Film Speeds The majority of colour films reversal and negative are rated between 25 and 64 ASA or 15 and 19 DIN which corresponds to a fairly slow speed for black and white material A few films go up to 160 ASA or more for poor light conditions Others may be as slow as 10 ASA or 11 DIN A...

Страница 14: ...aylight and with daylight type film only two filters are ever required One is a haze filter almost colourless but for a slight straw tinge It is usefully employed on hazy days and in high altitudes to avoid excessive bluishness of the colour picture especially with distant landscapes seascapes and near water This filter does not call for any change in exposure On dull days a skylight filter compen...

Страница 15: ...tures paired with more or less slow shutter speeds Cameras of recent vintage combine these pairs made up of aperture stops and shutter speeds into single figures which are then called exposure values or light values Once you set the exposure value suggested by the exposure meter both the aperture and the shutter speed move up and down in step against each other and so keep the resulting exposure r...

Страница 16: ...the help of a cable release to avoid shaking the camera This release screws into the bush in the centre of the body release button For long time exposures where the shutter is to remain open for longer than you can conveniently keep the release depressed use a cable release with a lock To make the exposure set the shutter to B press the cable release plunger with the locking plate lifted The shutt...

Страница 17: ...le tones But if there is a large bright area or a large dark area the best method is to go near to the main subject and take a close up reading For example if the subject is a figure against a white or dark background by going closer you will reduce the amount of background affecting the meter and therefore get a reading in terms of a more average subject which is what you want For some subjects y...

Страница 18: ... the camera on a tripod or look round for extra support for your elbows and hands e g a wall railing etc The shutter speed required to arrest movement depends of course primarily on the speed with which the subject moves Remember however that parts of the subject e g the legs of a runner may move faster than the subject as a whole you may sometimes have to compromise and show such parts slightly u...

Страница 19: ...index mark top is the focused distance 8 ft The figures to either side of the index mark represent aperture settings If we then read off the distance opposite the aperture settings we see indicated the area of sharp focus So with an aperture of f16 this area extends from just under 5 ft to about 50 ft But at f4 the depth of field is more limited from just over 5 ft to about 10 ft On the Retina Ref...

Страница 20: ...it its comparative light output equals a small flash bulb and its initial cost higher On the other hand anything from 10 000 to 25 000 flashes are obtained from one tube The flash duration is extremely short 1 700 to 1 2000 sec and will arrest the fastest movements The cost of an individual exposure is negligible Electronic flash is suitable for black and white and negative colour film and also fo...

Страница 21: ...ely if you want to use an aperture of f8 for any reason then the correct flash distance is 160 8 20 So the flash must be 20 ft from the subject So far we have assumed that the exposures have been for average shots without much subject movement For these a shutter speed of 1 30 sec is long enough to utilize all the light emitted from the bulb On the other hand to arrest fast movements a faster shut...

Страница 22: ...light to take the picture The shutter speed and aperture are reflected into the viewfinder The reflex screen has a fresnel lens yielding a brighter image The split image rangefinder has a diagonal cutting line for easy vertical and horizontal focusing The built in Synchro Compur shutter has cross coupled shutter speed and aperture settings and is X flash synchronized with direct flash contact in a...

Страница 23: ...w The shutter speed ring bears two sets of figures separated by the letter B The figures to the right of B denote fractions of a second e g 30 1 30 sec Turn the ring until the required speed is opposite the arrow head usually 1 60 sec is a convenient starting point Look through the finder Take care not to get your fingers in front of the honeycomb cell of the meter Turn the exposure setting wheel ...

Страница 24: ...tions on page 60 referring to X synchronization apply THE RETINA REFLEX III THE RETINA REFLEX III is fitted with a 2 in 50 mm Retina Xenar or Retina Ysarex f2 8 or a 2 in 50 mm Retina Xenon or Retina Heligon f1 9 The f2 8 lenses are four element triplets the f1 9 lenses have six elements of symmetrical four component design All have an angle of view of 47 and permit focusing from infinity down to ...

Страница 25: ...mage in the finder press the release key to expose Loading 1 Open the camera back 2 Pull out the rewind knob 3 Insert the film cassette 4 Push back the rewind knob 5 Pull out 3 in of film 6 Fix the film to the take up spool 7 Set the mm counter by pushing the film counter setting button in the base of the camera between transport lever and counter window repeatedly in the direction of the arrow un...

Страница 26: ... the arrow head On pressing the release the shutter will remain open as long as the release is pressed down and closes as soon as the pressure on the release is removed The green figures on the exposure scale are time exposures They indicate the time in seconds for which the release has to be depressed at some of the smaller apertures at low lighting levels If for example an exposure setting gives...

Страница 27: ...ilm counter as well as bringing the winding sequence into action The reversing button in the camera base disengages the film transport for rewinding the film Shooting with the Retina Reflex S From left to right Advance the film and tension the shutter with the rapid winding lever turn the exposure wheel to line up the setting marker with the meter needle select a suitable aperture speed combinatio...

Страница 28: ... Reflex From left to right Work the rapid winding lever set the exposure value select an appropriate aperture speed combination focus the image through the viewfinder press the release to expose Loading 1 Open the camera back 2 Pull out the rewind knob 3 Insert the film cassette 4 Push back the rewind knob 5 Pull out 3 in of film 6 Fix the film to the take up spool 7 Set the film counter by pushin...

Страница 29: ... and speed actually opposite the double arrow head are the ones in use To set apertures and speeds separately with both models e g for flash shots adjust first the shutter speed and then the aperture by turning the exposure setting wheel of the Reflex S or by depressing the exposure value lever and turning the aperture ring on the Reflex 5 Focus Look through the viewfinder and turn the front lens ...

Страница 30: ...ers an angle of 76 as compared with the standard lens of 47 and is an ultra wide angle lens The 1 1 8 in 30 mm Retina Eurygon f2 8 has a slightly smaller angle of view than the 28 mm lens but is intended for the same applications The 1 3 8 in 35 mm Retina Curtagon f2 8 and Retina Eurygon f4 cover an angle of 64 and are normal wide angle lenses The focusing range of the wide angle lenses extends fr...

Страница 31: ... clockwise until the catch engages Focusing and Depth of Field After changing the standard lens against the wide angle or telephoto units the image is focused on either the ground glass screen or with the split image rangefinder in the same way as with the standard lens At the same time the reflex screen shows the exact field of view of the particular lens used There is no parallax error nor are a...

Страница 32: ...ns press the safety catch inwards towards the lens and turn the front part of the lens in an anti clockwise direction as far as it will go that is until its red dot is opposite the red dot on the black outer rim of the lens mount The lens can now be lifted out For easy removal and safe storage of the standard lens the special container available for it should be used To insert an alternative lens ...

Страница 33: ...ar the 10 ft position on the lens scale marked 35 mm in red Set this circle to the red triangular mark on the adjacent scale The triangle lined up with the circle points to the black distance scale of this lens to 20 ft thus indicating that the distance on the camera focusing scale should be set to 20 ft to obtain a depth of field from 5 ft to infinity at f11 The telephoto unit carries two zone fo...

Страница 34: ...cm covering a field from 5 3 4 x8 5 8 in to 4 1 8 x 6 1 8 in 14 5x22 cm to l0 5x15 5 cm For ultra close ups three two element colour corrected coated supplementary R lenses mounted in metal screw in mounts are designed for photographs at four fixed distances between 11 and 6 in The R lenses are only available for use with f2 8 lens of the Retina Reflex III and S They also fit the f2 lens of earlie...

Страница 35: ... work three supplementary R lenses are available not available for f1 9 lenses RI 4 5 gives an approximate scale of reproduction of 1 4 5 and covers a field of 6x4 in RI 3 gives an approximate scale of reproduction of 1 3 and covers a field of 4 1 8 x2 3 4 in RI 2 gives an approximate scale of reproduction of 1 2 and covers a field of 2 3 4 x 1 7 8 in RI 4 5 combined with RI 2 gives an approximate...

Страница 36: ...auge rods fixed into the front ends of the legs The Table Stand The table stand has been developed for close up subjects which allow or need longer exposure times as well as for all types of close ups where quick setting up and absolute steadiness of the camera is important The stand consists of a U shaped base with an adjustable column and a ball and socket head The latest version has in addition...

Страница 37: ...useful for sports photography Swing in frames outline the reduced field of view 85 mm and 135 mm lenses The 1 1 Close up Stand This permits same size reproductions with the Retina Reflex III and S with f2 8 lens It is used in conjunction with the R1 2 close up lens This stand permits easy reproduction of things like postage stamps jewellery small mechanical parts etc of little thickness It will al...

Страница 38: ...re unchanged for apertures of f5 6 and smaller with the stereo attachment For wider apertures double the exposure indicated by the meter by reducing the light value by 1 Special Finders RIGHT ANGLE FINDER To tackle low angle views subjects near the ground and copying a right angle viewfinder has been designed for the Retina Reflex not for III It fits over the viewfinder eyepiece and is held in pos...

Страница 39: ...125 1 60 Boats making 10 knots 1 500 1 250 1 125 1 60 1 30 Boats making 20 knots 1 500 1 250 1 125 1 60 Tramcar 1 500 1 250 1 125 1 60 1 30 Motor car on road 1 500 1 250 1 125 1 60 Slow train 1 500 1 250 1 125 1 60 1 30 Fast train 1 500 1 250 1 125 Aeroplane 1 500 1 250 The shutter speeds as listed above are applicable to motion which cuts right across the direction in which the lens and photograp...

Страница 40: ... In very large rooms at night outdoors or with 40 64 ASA films use next larger aperture The Focal Flash Chart gives exposure for all types of flash as well as for flash combined with daylight It further contains a list of all flash bulbs with their use and performance also information on colour and flash and much additional flash data APERTURES WITH BLUE FLASH BULBS For 10 12 ASA Daylight Type Col...

Страница 41: ...x8 25 12 75 4 25x6 37 4 22 87 8 75x13 15 37 5 25x7 87 12 5 4 12x6 25 3 5 21 62 8 12x12 14 87 5x7 5 12 25 4x6 3 19 75 7 37x11 25 14 12 4 62x7 12 3 75x5 75 2 5 17 75 6 62x10 13 37 4 37x6 5 11 62 3 5x5 37 measured from film plane CLOSE UP DEPTH OF FIELD f 3 5 37 75 39 5 41 37 33 75 35 36 5 29 30 31 25 25 19 26 26 81 20 5 21 21 56 19 06 19 5 20 15 37 16 16 25 11 87 12 12 25 10 81 11 11 19 f 5 6 36 56 ...

Страница 42: ...21 Pan 24 40 80 200 400 The above film speeds are based on the latest ASA Standard giving the minimum correct exposure to make the most of the films versatility and image quality Some manufacturers however still quote their speeds from the older system which gives a more generous exposure This accounts for any disparity between these tables and the manufacturers figures 35 mm COLOUR FILMS Daylight...

Страница 43: ... maker L films can be processed only by an approved laboratory through a photographic dealer U films can be processed by the user by means of special processing kits More Focal Press Guides The Retina Guide 1965 edition The Retinette Guide 1965 edition You may copy and print this document or parts of this document for your own personal use You may not however reprint or republish this work in whol...

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