Instruction Manual
SlimLine Sensors (SLS) for
Shear Force Type 9143B… to
9147B…
9143B_002-285e-09.10
Страница 1: ...Instruction Manual SlimLine Sensors SLS for Shear Force Type 9143B to 9147B 9143B_002 285e 09 10 ...
Страница 2: ...Instruction Manual SlimLine Sensors SLS for Shear Force Type 9143B to 9147B 9143B_002 285e 09 10 ...
Страница 3: ...hange without notice Kistler reserves the right to change or improve its products and make changes in the content without obliga tion to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements 2010 Kistler Group All rights reserved Except as ex pressly provided herein no part of this manual may be re produced for any purpose without the express prior written consent of Kistler Group ...
Страница 4: ...of Sensor 14 4 3 1 Effect of Elasticity Relationships on Measurement Result 15 4 3 2 Preparation for Mounting 16 4 3 3 Cable Routing 16 4 4 Dynamometer with Six SLS Shear Force Fy Sensors for Measuring Torque Mz 17 4 5 Preloading SlimLine Sensor 18 5 Measurement 19 5 1 Basic Arrangement of a Measuring System 19 5 2 Range Selection and Threshold 20 5 3 Measuring High Frequency Phenomena 21 5 3 1 Us...
Страница 5: ...Content 9143B_002 285e 09 10 Page 3 9 Annex 32 9 1 Glossary 32 9 2 Measurement Uncertainty 36 9 3 Linearity 37 9 4 Frequency Range 39 9 5 Influence of Temperature 40 Total Pages 41 ...
Страница 6: ... vibration and acoustic emission Strain gage sensor systems for measuring force and moment Piezoresistive pressure sensors and transmitters Signal conditioners indicators and calibrators Electronic control and monitoring systems as well as software for specific measurement applications Data transmission modules telemetry Kistler also develops and produces measuring solutions for the engines vehicl...
Страница 7: ...ual The sensor must be installed operated and maintained on ly by persons who are familiar with the instrument and are adequately qualified for the work concerned If it is accepted that safe operation is no longer possible the instrument must be switched off and secured to ensure it cannot be switched on again accidentally It must be assumed that safe operation is no longer possi ble when the prod...
Страница 8: ... must be kept absolutely clean and dry The in sulation resistance can be measured with the insulation tester Type 5493 Protect the sensor when it is not in use by storing it in its original packaging Ensure the temperature of the SlimLine sensor remains as constant as possible during long term measurements 2 4 Hints on the Use of this Instruction Manual We recommend that you read through the entir...
Страница 9: ... a change in force of the order of 1 N un der a preload of several tons The shape load washer and relatively small dimensions al low flexible use and easy mounting Sensitivity charge per unit force is a constant of quartz as a material The associated threshold is virtually the same for all SlimLine sensors of different sizes This has three unique advantages High level of overload protection very s...
Страница 10: ...c measurements over any length of time are not possi ble On the other hand after a pause of any length a sensor under continuous static load for example mounted in a threaded connection can be reconnected to a charge am plifier and the changes in load then measured accurately Measurements of dynamic forces AC mode are also pos sible over any length of time Kistler SlimLine sensors have a virtually...
Страница 11: ...force sensor The generated charge is conducted from the electrode and supplied to the plug connection The polarity is chosen so that a shear force generates a negative charge which is then converted into a positive voltage in the charge ampli fier The housing serves as ground connection Unloading of the sensor produces a positive charge if the negative charge generated beforehand by the load is re...
Страница 12: ...pplied by mounting the sensor in a me chanical structure machine system force plate etc It can be mounted directly in the load path of a system or in a force shunt The preloading disk Type 9410A can be used to make this easier To ensure uniform force distribu tion the bearing surfaces must always be flat and rigid In a force shunt only part of the force to be determined is measured The measurement...
Страница 13: ...sultant bending stress is superimposed on the direct stress In these cases the measuring range specified in the table of techni cal data no longer applies The maximum permissible sur face pressure max must not be exceeded The maximum al lowed bending moments specified in the technical data can be used to determine the total load see section 4 1 2 As a SlimLine sensor cannot take any tensile stress...
Страница 14: ...e sensors Basic Type Max Bending Moment Mb max 1 Fz 0 N m Reduction of measuring range Fy when allowable bending moment kN N m exceeded 9143B 10 2 0 0456 9144B 24 0 0 0369 9145B 30 5 0 0290 9146B 96 5 0 0231 9147B 100 0 0 0201 1 The allowable bending moment Mb max must not be exceeded If this is unavoidable in the particular applica tion the measuring range Fy must be simultaneously reduced as sho...
Страница 15: ...e maximum measuring range is therefore Fy rmax 1 70 kN 0 41 kN 1 29 kN 4 2 Bearing Surface Materials The housing of the sensor is manufactured from stainless steel We suggest you use a similar material for the base plate and cover plate Suggested Materials for Base Plate and Cover Plate Standard Corrosion resistant Heat treated DIN 22CrNi17 1 4057 Z15CN16 02 XC42H1 XC45B S Ck45 1 1191AFNOR 431 S29...
Страница 16: ... information concerning preload ing Note The stated tightening torque applies only to the screw thread M mentioned lightly greased Markings on the sensor case facilitate its alignment Two pins can be used to prevent the sensor from turning during its installation Basic Type mounted with preloading bolt Basic Type Measuring Range Fy kN Preloading Force Fv kN Tightening Torque N m 9143B 0 9 9 0 10 0...
Страница 17: ...rce diversion In the ideal case the force shunt via the preloading ele ments is very small so that almost all of the measured force is transferred and thus measured by the load washer If the force shunt is large it is still basically possible to per form measurements provided the setup is calibrated However there is a risk of the size of the force shunt changing during operation for example as mat...
Страница 18: ...with Kistler special grease Type 1063 Fig 5 SlimLine force sensor with preloading bolt greased surfaces and thread shown in gray Caution Do not allow any grease to get onto the surfaces of the sensor The head bearing surface and thread of the preloading bolt must be greased before the bolt is screwed in 4 3 3 Cable Routing The sensor cable must be secured and provided with strain relief so it cann...
Страница 19: ...six signal outputs There is however no need to connect six individual charge amplifiers in order to subsequently add the signals for the single component Electrical charge can be connected in parallel in order to further process the sum of the signals If the six mounted sensors have the same sensitivity the sum of the charges corresponds to the sum of the force components Only one charge amplifier...
Страница 20: ...nted in the structure involved without being pre loaded The preload force cannot be measured with the sensor It is checked with a torque wrench Please see the following table for the required torque As the thread of the preloading bolt is self locking no fur ther measures are required to secure it Basic Type Measuring Range Fy kN Tightening Torque N m 9143B 0 9 10 0 9144B 1 7 23 0 9145B 2 7 46 0 9...
Страница 21: ...le and charge amplifier a display and or data acquisition and processing unit Fig 8 Measuring system configuration The connecting cable for the transducer must be highly in sulating and low noise The effect of the cable length 15 m can be obtained from the instruction manual for the charge amplifier employed From the charge amplifier to the display or recorder ordi nary coaxial cables may be used ...
Страница 22: ...ust naturally not be exceeded For ranges above 50 kN V a 10 1 charge attenuator such as the Type 5361 is used It is for example possible to select a measuring range of 10 N and measure small force fluctuations superimposed on a static preload of say 10 kN Briefly overloading small measuring ranges by a factor of 50 does not normally harm the charge amplifier With bigger overloads it depends on the...
Страница 23: ...stalling the sensor There is no need whatever to take the natural frequency of the force sensor into consideration If on the other hand a large mass has to be supported on three or four SlimLine sensors this assembly constitutes a spring mass oscillator Obviously the natural frequency of this system depends on the rigidity and not on the natural frequency of the sensor and the magnitude of the mou...
Страница 24: ...ements a drift of up to 10 mN s can occur Depending on the measuring range therefore measure ments from a few minutes up to several hours are possible The illustration shows the example of a frequency curve in which f measuring frequency fn natural frequency X Xn amplitude ratio Fig 9 Amplitude frequency response When the largest possible frequency is needed in critical work the dynamic response o...
Страница 25: ...nd the better the attachment of the force introduction parts the higher the resonant frequency and the wider the usable frequency range Most piezoelectric force sensors behave as a single mass vi bration system and follow the rule fn m c 2 1 f 5 fn 5 f 10 fn 3 f 3dB f 41 fn 2 see drawing c Rigidity m Mass of the structure above the sensor ...
Страница 26: ...144B sensitivity 7 5 pC N the expected error can be estimated as follows This absolute error is related to the measured force and amounts to for example 0 14 at 1 700 N Depending on the torque and required accuracy measurements from a few minutes to several hours are therefore possible 5 5 Effect of Temperature The temperature coefficient of the sensitivity change in sensitivity as a function of t...
Страница 27: ...superimposed flexure for example the maximum measuring range is limited not by the range given in the table of technical data but by the highest local surface pressure see chapter 4 1 2 If a load washer is used to measure screw force the friction surface should be lubricated well special grease Type 1063 With high surface pressure a thin washer of beryllium copper will prevent pitting To maintain ...
Страница 28: ...essary is extremely rarely feasible and can only be carried out in the manufacturer s factory if at all SlimLine sensors have to be calibrated after mounting Sen sors used as intended do not require periodic recalibration In cases of doubt or after prolonged service recalibration is advisable This requires the availability of a calibrated press If the testing is to be performed on the object under...
Страница 29: ...sary repeat mounting and commissioning of the amplifier No measurement signal at the output of the charge amplifier Sensor faulty Have repaired in the manufacturer s factory See section 7 2 for procedure Quasistatic measurements not possible pronounced signal drift Insulation resistance of measur ing chain poor Check insulation resistance of the indi vidual components with the insulation tester Ty...
Страница 30: ...sensor is faulty and is not damaged as shown in Figures 10 und 11 please adopt the following procedure Contact your Kistler distributor to notify return of the faulty instrument Return the faulty sensor to the distributor in its original packaging Enclose a detailed description of the fault and the at tendant circumstances with the sensor Describe the measurement operation during which the fault a...
Страница 31: ... 0 4 0 0 8 0 Overload shear force Fy kN 1 1 2 0 3 3 4 7 10 Sensitivity pC N 6 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 8 1 Bolt preload force kN 9 17 27 40 80 Tightening torque N m 10 23 46 79 135 Linearity FSO 1 1 1 1 1 Hysteresis FSO 1 1 1 1 1 Threshold N 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 Max compression force Mb max 0 N m kN 9 17 27 40 80 Max bending moment Fz max 0 kN N m 10 2 24 30 5 96 5 100 Rigidity kN μm 2 5 5 6 7 0 8 0 16 0...
Страница 32: ...s of IP65 degree of protection Type Viton O ring 5 110 063 8 3 Optional Accessories The following accessories are available for sensors Types 9143B to 9147B Preloading disks Fig 13 Preloading disk Type 9410A incl table Type Unit 9410A3 9410A4 9410A5 9410A6 9410A7 For SlimLine sensor 9143B 9144B 9145B 9146B 9147B Thread size M3 M4 M5 M6 M8 External diameter D2 mm 16 20 24 30 36 Internal diameter d2...
Страница 33: ...sulation tester Type 5493 Examples of Measuring Chains SlimLine sensor Coupling maXYmo Type 914XA21 Type 1721 Type 5867A SlimLine sensor Coupling Charge amplifier Type 914XA21 Type 1721 Type 5015A SlimLine sensor Coupling Charge amplifier Type 914XA21 Type 1721 Type 5073A111 Viton is a registered Trademark of DuPont Performance Elastomers ...
Страница 34: ... amplifiers is typically within the range of 0 01 of the measuring range selected For the accuracy of the measurement this is usually negligible compared with other influence quantities Charge signal Physical quantity which a piezoelectric sensor yields on its mechanical load Coulomb Unit of electric charge 1 coulomb corresponds to 1 Ampere second 1 C 1 As Crosstalk Signal at the output of a senso...
Страница 35: ...suring range from 0 bar to 2 bar and the corresponding range of meas urement signal from 5 5 V presents the FSO 10 V An electrical monitoring system having an input range from 0 10 V and the corresponding output range from 4 20 mA shows the FSO 16 mA Ground insulation High electrical resistance of a sensor between signal line and ground or of a charge amplifier between connector screen and ground ...
Страница 36: ...nge The characteristics specified in the calibration certificate are no longer guaranteed in the event of an overload Never theless measurements made during an overload in most cases provide useful results pC picocoulomb 1 picocoulomb 10 12 coulomb See Coulomb piezoelectric Characteristic of crystals e g quartz in which mechanical loading produces a proportional electrical charge quasistatic Descr...
Страница 37: ...ing factors Time constant The time constant describes the behavior of a high pass filter and represents the time after which the signal is re duced to 1 e of the output value Note The time constant enables the measuring error to be estimated in relation to the measuring duration You will find detailed information on time constants and sensitivity ranges in the operating instructions for your charg...
Страница 38: ...o me chanical adaptation of the sensor and environmental influ ences For the highest accuracy requirements we recom mend calibration of measuring ranges specific to the appli cation Measurement uncertainty of charge amplifiers When random and systematic errors together are quanti fied as variance measurement uncertainty can be derived With charge amplifiers this mainly depends on type The followin...
Страница 39: ... due to the mechanical construction of the sensor Linearity represents the maximum deviation be tween ideal and actual output signal characteristics in rela tion to the measurand in a specific measuring range It is expressed in percentage of the particular measuring range limit and is defined according to ANSI ISA S37 1 as the closeness of the calibration curve to a best straight line passing thro...
Страница 40: ... s un til res 0 Linearity a resmax resmin Fig 14 Best straight line linearity and hysteresis Hysteresis The maximum difference in output at any measurand value within the specified range when the value is ap proached first increasing and then decreasing measurand source ANSI ISA S37 1 Note The quartz crystal itself has a scarcely measurable hysteresis However the mechanical construction of the sen...
Страница 41: ...e rise Key f Measuring frequency fn Natural frequency A An Amplitude ratio The following approximate values apply to the amplitude error or achievable accuracy as a function of frequency Accuracy 10 fmax 0 3 natural frequency 5 fmax 0 2 natural frequency 1 fmax 0 1 natural frequency Fig 15 Schematic representation of frequency response and phase response Frequency response n f f Phase response n f...
Страница 42: ...hen con tinuously varied until its natural frequency coincides with that of the actual sensor Technical data An equivalent body defined in this way is usually a good approximation of the sensor The equivalent substitute body is inserted into the structure to be simulated and by this means the natural frequency of the structure is calculated Using this procedure the FEM can be used to determine the...
Страница 43: ...stant during the actual measuring time Fig 16 Example of a temperature error of the output signal zero for a temperature rise from 150 C to 200 C immersion bath Temperature coefficient of sensitivity Change in the sensitivity i e the slope of the best straight line as a function of temperature The temperature distri bution in the sensor is assumed to be homogeneous and in thermal equilibrium with ...
