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Specialized Models User Guide

MPLS Model User Guide

SPM-6-2

Modeler/Release 10.0

•

MPLS models are implemented based on information available from the
following sources.

Table 6-2 Reference Documents

Model Features

Document

Traffic Engineering

MPLS TE

RFC-2702

—

Requirements for Traffic Engineering

Over MPLS

FECs

RFC-3031

—

Multiprotocol Label Switching

Architecture

IGP shortcuts

draft-hsmit-mpls-igp-spf-00

Label Switched Paths

Dynamic LSPs
Static LSPs

RFC-3031

—

Multiprotocol Label Switching

Architecture

LSP routing

OSPF TE
IS-IS TE

RFC-2676

—

QoS Routing and OSPF Extensions

Label distribution

LDP

RFC-3036—LDP Specification

CR-LDP

RFC-3212—Constraint-based LSP Setup Using LDP

RSVP-TE

RFC-3209—RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP
Tunnels

PP-VPNs

A framework for layer-3 PP VPNs

RFC-2547—BGP/MPLS VPNs

BGP/MPLS VPNs

draft-ietf-ppvpn-framework-05

Quality of Service

QOS Architecture

RFC-2475—An Architecture for Differentiated
Services

MPLS Support of Differentiated
Services

RFC-3270—Multi Protocol Label Switching
draft-ietf-mpls-diff-ext-08

Restoration and Resiliency

Fast reroute with bypass tunnels

LSP protection with ingress backup

draft-ietf-mpls-rsvp-lsp-fastreroute-00

End of Table 6-2

Содержание 6 MPLS

Страница 1: ...odel The MPLS model captures the following protocol behavior Table 6 1 MPLS Model Features Feature Description LSP Label Switched Path configuration LSPs can be created manually or automatically from traffic conversation pairs LSPs are easily reused in other scenarios or projects by using the LSP import and export features Both dynamic and static LSPs are created using the path object Differential...

Страница 2: ...itecture LSP routing OSPF TE IS IS TE RFC 2676 QoS Routing and OSPF Extensions Label distribution LDP RFC 3036 LDP Specification CR LDP RFC 3212 Constraint based LSP Setup Using LDP RSVP TE RFC 3209 RSVP TE Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels PP VPNs A framework for layer 3 PP VPNs RFC 2547 BGP MPLS VPNs BGP MPLS VPNs draft ietf ppvpn framework 05 Quality of Service QOS Architecture RFC 2475 An Arc...

Страница 3: ... the MPLS configuration object Router specific MPLS attributes are grouped in the MPLS Parameters attribute on each router They are described in Router Attributes on page SPM 6 6 MPLS Configuration Object Attributes Some of the important MPLS configuration object attributes are described below FEC Specifications This attribute specifies the Forwarding Equivalence Class FEC parameters used by MPLS ...

Страница 4: ... row and by taking a logical OR of each of the rows In other words for a packet to qualify for a particular FEC the IP header fields must satisfy every condition of at least one row of the defined FEC For example a FEC that consists only of email and ftp traffic would be specified as shown in Figure 6 3 Figure 6 3 FEC Details for E mail and FTP Traffic Therefore if the IP header of a packet contai...

Страница 5: ...fies out of profile actions and traffic classes for traffic trunks in the network Traffic trunks capture traffic characteristics such as peak rate average rate and average burst size The default Trunk Details setting configures a trunk with a value of 32 000 bits sec for maximum and average bit rate and 32 000 bits for maximum burst size Figure 6 4 Specifying Traffic Trunk Profiles EXP Drop Preced...

Страница 6: ...gs between FECs and LSPs Each row of the Traffic Mapping Configuration table specifies a distinct traffic engineering TE binding Each TE binding specifies the FEC traffic trunk and LSP that is applied to the label of the incoming packet Only previously defined values appear in the attribute pull down lists If no values appear in the attribute pull down lists verify that you have defined the FECs a...

Страница 7: ... TE binding Figure 6 6 Configuring TE Bindings EXP Drop Precedence and EXP PHB These attributes specify which mappings defined in the MPLS configuration object are used by the router LDP Parameters specifies Label Distribution Protocol parameters used by the LSR LDP Parameters is a compound attribute composed of the following sub attributes Discovery Configuration specifies Hello message parameter...

Страница 8: ...hat traverses the failed node or link The default value for this attribute is 45 seconds LDP Discovery End Time specifies when LDP discovery ends After this time no more LDP discovery packets are sent through the network This value should occur after the network reaches a final constant state in the simulation since no network topology or device status changes are reflected in the LDP routing tabl...

Страница 9: ...e experimental bits in the shim header carry the Diff Serv information This provides eight different types of service TOS per LSP For L LSP TOS information is contained in the MPLS label and all packets traversing the link are treated equally Path Details specifies which packets use the LSP and defines how packets are forwarded through the LSP This attribute is automatically configured for dynamic...

Страница 10: ...ameters Configuration TE Parameters specifies the traffic engineering constraints used by CR LDP to find a route through the network CR LDP uses Constrained Routing to find the route that is the best fit for the specified constraints This attribute applies to dynamic LSPs only Make sure you account for network bandwidth availability when configuring static LSPs Figure 6 12 TE Parameters Configurat...

Страница 11: ...ues for bandwidth delay and hop counts in the LSP Hide some or all of the LSPs from view in the Project Editor workspace Export LSP configuration details to a file Figure 6 13 Using the LSP Browser These attributes set the LSP s Path Details and Setup TE and Recovery Parameters attributes Clicking here toggles the display settings the workspace is immediately refreshed to show or hide the LSPs Cli...

Страница 12: ...y utilization and the amount of traffic on the LSP These statistics can be collected on a per flow or per LSP basis where flows are individual flows of traffic within an LSP Figure 6 14 Selecting Statistics to Collect When analyzing your MPLS network you may also want to look at the routes used for the LSPs You can do this by selecting the Protocols MPLS Display LSP Routes menu item ...

Страница 13: ...P Details operation creates traffic profiles and forward equivalence classes FECs for the LSPs which you can modify later as you fine tune your model The model supports both static and dynamic LSPs using the strict and loose path objects in OPNET To create LSPs use the standard procedure for creating paths as described in the Building Models chapter of the User Guide manual Guru product documentat...

Страница 14: ...path When a specific link is selected for the LSP path that hop is marked as strict and the LSP is always set up through that link Use this method to indicate that certain routers or links must be used when routing packets in an LSP If a node or link on a dynamic LSP s route fails the ingress LER automatically tries to find an alternate route However if the failed link or node is marked as strict ...

Страница 15: ...k failures For this reason you should always specify at least one backup route when configuring static LSPs in your network Procedure 6 3 Creating Static LSPs 1 Click on the MPLS_E LSP_STATIC object in the MPLS object palette 2 In the project workspace click on the LSP s ingress LER 3 Click on the next link or router in the LSPs route The tooltips indicate which links and routers can be added to t...

Страница 16: ...C assign a name then double click in the Details column to describe the FEC End of Procedure 6 4 To work correctly the model requires that you set up at least one default traffic trunk Additional trunks can be used to handle prioritized flows Procedure 6 5 Creating a Default Traffic Trunk 1 Place an MPLS configuration object in the project workspace and open its Attributes dialog box 2 Double clic...

Страница 17: ...ion 2 Add a row to the table 3 Click in the Interface In column and specify which interfaces the binding applies to in the Interface Binding Specification table To select an interface click in the Apply Binding column for that interface to toggle the value to Yes The interface s you selected appear in the Traffic Mapping Configuration dialog box Note that the interface number for higher layers cor...

Страница 18: ...7 The exported file contains the attribute settings of all LSPs in the network You can use the file as is in other scenarios or you can modify the file to add remove or change LSPs Notice that the LSP configuration file closely resembles the Path Details table for each LSP Procedure 6 8 Using an LSP Configuration File in a Scenario 1 Open the MPLS Configuration object s Attributes dialog box 2 Sel...

Страница 19: ... for the different classes in the MPLS configuration object To do this use Procedure 6 5 on page SPM 6 16 to create a default traffic trunk However instead of setting the Trunk Details attribute to Default double click to set the traffic profile out of profile actions and traffic class of each trunk To configure quality of service parameters edit the Priority Queuing Profiles DSCP Based attribute ...

Страница 20: ...PM 6 20 Modeler Release 10 0 If you change the queuing scheme later make sure you reset the queuing profile because the order of these steps is important Figure 6 15 Configuring QoS on an LER Always set the Queuing Scheme before setting the Queuing Profile ...

Страница 21: ...it LSP Information Opens the LSP browser Import LSP Information Imports LSP information from files Display LSP Routes Displays the routes chosen by CR LDP Does not display link statistic information Hide all LSP Routes Hides LSP route display Show All LSPs Displays hidden LSPs in the workspace This operation does not display LSPs which are configured only in the LSP configuration file To display t...

Страница 22: ...When the IP module of an LSR receives labeled packets or packets with matching FEC descriptions it performs no IP processing on the packet Instead the packet is re directed to the mpls_mgr process for MPLS forwarding mpls_mgr uses ILM incoming label map and FTN FEC to NHLFE maps to forward packets mpls_ldp_mgr Implements the LDP control plane in the LDP module of all routers This process is the di...

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